BASICS OF PUMPBASICS OF PUMP

Hydraulic machine which convert mechanical energy Hydraulic machine which convert mechanical energy into hydraulic energy.into hydraulic energy.

CLASSIFICATION OF PUMPS:CLASSIFICATION OF PUMPS: Dynamic pumps:Dynamic pumps:

Energy is continuously added to increase the fluid Energy is continuously added to increase the fluid velocity.velocity.

Displacement Pumps:Displacement Pumps:Energy is periodically added by applying force Energy is periodically added by applying force directly to the fluid.directly to the fluid.

PUMPPUMP

Dynamic Pumps

Centrifugal Special EffectSingle Stage

Axial FlowMulti -Stage

Mixed Flow

Peripheral

Closed Impeller Open Impeller

Fixed Pitch

VariablePitchSelf

Priming

Single Suction

Double Suction

NonPriming

Single Stage

Multi StageSingle Stage

Double Stage

Self Priming

Non Priming

Jet

Gas Lift

Hydraulic ram

Electro magnetic

Displacement Pumps

ReciprocatingRotary

Multiplex

Mechanically Operated

Fluid Operated

Diaphragm

Simplex

Triplex

Multiplex

Piston Plunger

Steam DoubleActing

Simplex

Duplex

Double Acting

Single Acting

Power

Simplex

Duplex

Single Rotor Multiplex Rotor

Vane Piston

Flexible Member ScrewPeristaltic

Gear

Lobe

Circumferential Piston

Screw

Single Acting Pump:

A single acting pump is one the takes the suction, filling the pump cylinder on the Stroke in only one direction called the Suction stroke & then forces the liquid outof the cylinder on the return stroke called Discharge stroke.

Double Acting Pump:

A Double acting pump is one that, as it fills one end of the liquid cylinder, is discharging liquid from the other end of the cylinder. On the return Stroke ,the end of the Cylinder just emptied is filled and the end just filled is emptied.

Typical Centrifugal pump cross-sectionTypical Centrifugal pump cross-section

Open Impeller Closed Impeller

Semi Open Impeller

ImpellerImpeller

Mechanical SealsMechanical Seals

AL Type C Type

H Type

CouplingsCouplings

RSS Type

TERMINOLOGY IN PUMPSTERMINOLOGY IN PUMPS

SUCTION & DISCHARGE HEADSUCTION & DISCHARGE HEAD

DELIVERYDELIVERY

PRIMING PRIMING

CAVITATION CAVITATION

NPSH NPSH

PRIMING PRIMING

PRIMING OF PUMP:PRIMING OF PUMP: Filling of pumps suction pipe, casing up to delivery valve Filling of pumps suction pipe, casing up to delivery valve

with liquid .i.e liquid to be pumped by means of external with liquid .i.e liquid to be pumped by means of external source.source.

WHY PRIMING WHY PRIMING ?? When the pump is running without liquid that means it is When the pump is running without liquid that means it is

running in air, thus the head generated by the pump is in running in air, thus the head generated by the pump is in term of air column.term of air column.

The generated head of air is very less when compared to The generated head of air is very less when compared to water head. Hence the liquid may not be sucked by pump.water head. Hence the liquid may not be sucked by pump.

CAVITATIONCAVITATION

Forming of vapour bubbles and subsequent collapse of Forming of vapour bubbles and subsequent collapse of

the vapour bubbles form high pressure.the vapour bubbles form high pressure.

Cavitation is an abnormal condition that can result in Cavitation is an abnormal condition that can result in

loss of production, equipment damage, and worst of all loss of production, equipment damage, and worst of all

personal injurypersonal injury

MECHANISM OF CAVITATION

EFFECT OF CAVITATION:EFFECT OF CAVITATION:

Noise and vibrations.Noise and vibrations. Pitting of metal surfaces.Pitting of metal surfaces. Efficiency decreases.Efficiency decreases.

GENERAL CHECKLISTGENERAL CHECKLIST

NPSH. (Net Positive Suction Head):NPSH. (Net Positive Suction Head):

Minimum head required to over come cavitation.Minimum head required to over come cavitation.

HOW TO SPECIFY A PUMPHOW TO SPECIFY A PUMP:: Discharge Pressure in MLC.Discharge Pressure in MLC. Discharge in M3/Hr.Discharge in M3/Hr.

Pump Selection ParametersPump Selection ParametersCapacity :Capacity :

Capacity of pump depends upon the total quantity of fluid required for the circulating fluid system and the number of pumps to be provided for the system

It comprises of static head and frictional losses.

Total Head:Total Head:

Screw PumpScrew Pump

TYPICAL SCREW PUMP - SECTION

Water-ring Vacuum PumpWater-ring Vacuum Pump

LOBE PUMP

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