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Page 1: Bass Trombone Craft · iii. At that time, there were no methods for the bass trombone and practically no solo material. Allen Ostrander wrote the first bass trombone method in 1948

  

Sample pages from … Brad Edwards

Bass Trombone Craft

A musical approach to building tone and technique

Bass Trombone

© Brad Edwards, 2012, All rights reserved.

Page 2: Bass Trombone Craft · iii. At that time, there were no methods for the bass trombone and practically no solo material. Allen Ostrander wrote the first bass trombone method in 1948

ii. 

Foreword: As I write from the perspective of a professional bass trombone player in the second decade of the twenty first century, it could be argued that the bass trombone is experiencing its golden age. Not only are many of the great established masters of the instrument still very active, but many extremely gifted young players are making their mark with performances and recordings that are artistically breath-taking, inspiring more musicians to study bass trombone. Often times, trombone festivals will have just as many bass trombone participants as tenor trombone participants. This current fever pitch of popularity of the instrument has happened in a relatively short period of time.

Although the earliest known mention of the bass trombone dates back to 1541 with Neuschel’s mention of the “Grosse-“ or “Quart posaune,” many would consider the real birth of the modern instrument to be the mid twentieth century. In the late 1930’s, the bass trombone started gaining some popularity in the United States, and the first players began to specialize on the instrument. In previous years, some trombonists did play bass trombone, but it was considered a doubling instrument that was played only in the orchestra and there were practically no full-time bass trombone players. Charles Gerhard, a member of the Philadelphia Orchestras from the mid 1930’s was the first full-time bass trombonist. A 1970’s interview with Allen Ostrander, bass trombonist of the New York Philharmonic, described the playing “scene” and the attitude towards bass trombone players in the early 1900’s. It gives us real perspective on the current popularity of the instrument:

Nobody specialized on bass trombone. In fact in Europe even today, when there is an opening in a section, everyone moves down and they get a new first player. Once, when the Vienna orchestra played in New York, I went to meet them, and every one of them claimed he was first trombone! Nobody would admit that he played second or bass. People used to switch around. Back in the early thirties in New York, Haines was bass in the Philharmonic, and there was a bass trombone at the Capitol Theater and Radio City Music Hall. Wankoff was the Met opera, and the man who did stage work did contrabass trombone parts. Leo Shapiro did all the bass trombone work around town (New York) and played tenor half the time to make a living. That’s how little there was. They didn’t have F attachments. A conductor didn’t want to see one, even on small bore horns.

In the 1950’s, Ed Kleinhammer, bass trombonist of the Chicago Symphony Orchestra, had the Conn Instrument Company add a second valve to his bass trombone. This was a huge event in the history of the development of the bass trombone because it immediately increased the technical ability of the instrument in the trigger range. Players of every style, including jazz, were affected by the complete chromatic capability of the bass trombone. The addition of the second valve led the way for the creation of more challenging solos and more interesting ensemble parts for bass trombone.

Page 3: Bass Trombone Craft · iii. At that time, there were no methods for the bass trombone and practically no solo material. Allen Ostrander wrote the first bass trombone method in 1948

iii.  At that time, there were no methods for the bass trombone and practically no solo material. Allen Ostrander wrote the first bass trombone method in 1948 but could not get it published until 1966:

Once you got out of school you didn’t play solos. They play a few in Europe but nothing in the United States. On bass trombone you just didn’t play solos in those days. One of the first things really written for bass trombone was the Spillman Concerto. I was instrumental in getting it published and did I have to talk my head off to get a publisher to put the money into it! In fact in ’48 when I went to publish my first method, publishers asked, “How many bass trombonists are there?” I didn’t know so I wrote the Conn Co. They said they had sold 500 in the whole country. No publisher could print for so few prospects.

These days, thoughtful and innovative bass trombone pedagogical material is definitely desired and needed. Because of the virtuosity of parts and ability of young players, it is definitely necessary for the modern trombone teacher to have more than a superficial knowledge of the bass trombone, its options and idiosyncrasies, even if that teacher is not a specialist on the instrument. Although the tenor and alto trombone have many one-volume complete methods that focus on them, there have been very few written for the bass trombone. With Brad Edwards’ new book, “Bass Trombone Craft,” the teacher and player have a method that can take a young bass trombone player from the basic introduction of the valves all the way to true mastery of the instrument. Written from the perspective of a professional tenor trombone player and using original etudes, the book introduces and focuses on every aspect of bass trombone playing, all in one volume. It is a welcome and needed addition to bass trombone pedagogy material that should be a staple of every teacher’s curriculum.

Denson Paul Pollard, DMA Bass Trombone, Metropolitan Opera Orchestra Bass Trombone Teacher, Juilliard School and Mannes School of Music

September, 2012

Page 4: Bass Trombone Craft · iii. At that time, there were no methods for the bass trombone and practically no solo material. Allen Ostrander wrote the first bass trombone method in 1948

iv. 

 

Acknowledgements:

As Paul Pollard pointed out in his foreword, my perspective is primarily that of a tenor trombonist. I have won auditions and held some small positions on bass trombone, including the Cedar Rapids Symphony and the Arlington Symphony, but tenor is still my “bread and butter.” As I worked to create this bass trombone companion to the tenor trombone version, I wanted very much to create a book that was a true bass trombone approach and not just another transposition. To that end, I played through everything on bass trombone as I was writing it. There are unique sections and etudes/exercises in this book which do not appear in the tenor version.

I also sought assistance from a number of fine bass trombone specialists to make sure I wasn’t veering off course. In addition to Dr. Pollard, I would like to thank Gabe Langfur and Dan Satterwhite for reviewing portions of this book. Gabe is the bass trombonist of the Rhode Island Symphony, a lecturer in bass trombone at Boston University and an Artist Representative for the S.E. Shires Co. in Boston. Dan is the bass trombonist of the Florida Symphony/Florida Grand Opera Orchestra and teaches bass trombone at Lynn University and the Brevard Music Festival. I’d also like to thank Chuck DePaolo of Ensemble Publications and Hickey’s Music for his bass trombone insights, especially with regard to valve notation and the importance of using the second valve alone.

I am especially grateful to my wife, Martha, who recently described herself as a “book widow.” Finally, I’d like to remind my cat that my time on the laptop isn’t really a good time for affection (and it isn’t smart to sleep right behind my rolling chair... sorry about that!).

Brad Edwards September, 2012

Page 5: Bass Trombone Craft · iii. At that time, there were no methods for the bass trombone and practically no solo material. Allen Ostrander wrote the first bass trombone method in 1948

v. 

About This Book: Why write another technique book? I’ve seen many books of technical studies but have yet to encounter one that builds technique in a way that is both methodical and musically satisfying. Technique only has value in serving a musical goal. Another concern with many of the existing technical studies, such as the revered Arban’s Method, is that they were originally written for other instruments and don’t always address the specifics of our instrument, such as alternate positions or optimal tessitura. A number of tenor trombone books have been adapted for bass trombone with varying degrees of success. My goal: Create musically satisfying material specifically designed to build bass trombone technique.

Bass Trombone Craft is designed as a progressive method targeted to high school or college trombone students but can also be useful for professionals as well. Bass Trombone Craft represents the conclusion of a ‘trilogy’ of sorts:

1. Lip Slurs 2. Simply Singing for Winds 3. Trombone Craft These books are meant to complement each other in helping bass

trombonists build a solid, well-rounded technical and musical foundation.

How to Use this Book: Here are some general guidelines:

1. Technique serves the musical goal. With any of these studies, make a musical statement. Be a performer, not a machine.

2. Tension is the enemy. Don’t just play fast and tense; be very aware of your tension level. Seek to play effortlessly.

3. Be Patient. Start slowly and build up. Don’t choose a tempo that leads to a sloppy outcome. It takes as long as it takes. 

Page 6: Bass Trombone Craft · iii. At that time, there were no methods for the bass trombone and practically no solo material. Allen Ostrander wrote the first bass trombone method in 1948

vi  

Table of Contents:Part One #1.0 Tech Builder: Getting to Know Your Valves ................................................................ 1

#1.1 Two Pieces in B-flat Major ......................................................................................... 3

#1.2 Tech Builder: Getting Ready for E-flat ...................................................................... 4

#1.3 Two Pieces in E-flat major ......................................................................................... 5

#1.4 Tech Builder: Using Natural Slurs in Legato ............................................................ 6

#1.5 Two Legato Pieces ...................................................................................................... 7

#1.6 Tech Builder: Getting Ready for F ............................................................................. 8

#1.7 Two Pieces in F major ................................................................................................ 9

#1.8 Tech Builder: Chromatic Scales .............................................................................. 10

#1.9 Tech Builder: Preparing for C and G ........................................................................ 11

#1.10 Two Pieces in C major .............................................................................................12

#1.11 Two Pieces in G Major .............................................................................................. 13

#1.12 Intervals: Expanding Patterns up to One Octave ................................................... 14

#1.13 Tech Builder: Preparing for A-flat ........................................................................... 15

#1.14 Two Pieces in A-flat Major ...................................................................................... 16

#1.15 Rhythm Builder: The Dotted Eighth-Sixteenth Rhythm ........................................ 17

#1.16 Two-Line Tunes: Dotted Eighth-Sixteenth Rhythms ............................................ 18

#1.17a Memorize This: Flowing Major Scales (edited) ..................................................... 19

#1.17b Memorize This: Flowing Major Scales (unedited) .................................................21

#1.18 Rhythm Builder: Varied Sixteenth-Note Pick-Ups ................................................ 22

#1.19 Two-Line Tunes: Varied Sixteenth-Note Pickups .................................................. 23

#1.20 Tech Builder: Preparing for D-flat ......................................................................... 24

#1.21 Two Pieces in D-flat Major ..................................................................................... 25

#1.22 Intervals: Accuracy on the Overtone Series ........................................................... 26

#1.23 Memorize This: Major Arpeggios ........................................................................... 27

#1.24 Two-Line Tunes: Major Arpeggios ......................................................................... 28

 

Page 7: Bass Trombone Craft · iii. At that time, there were no methods for the bass trombone and practically no solo material. Allen Ostrander wrote the first bass trombone method in 1948

 

 

Table of Contents (continued):

Part Two

#2.1 Two Pieces in D Major ............................................................................................. 29

#2.2 Memorize This: Major Scales in Rapidly-Changing Keys ...................................... 30

#2.3 A Piece in Two Keys: A-flat and A major ................................................................. 31

#2.4 Rhythm Builder: Eighth-Note Syncopations .......................................................... 32

#2.5 “Two-Line” Tunes: Eighth-Note Syncopations ....................................................... 33

#2.6 A Piece in Two Keys: E-flat and E Major ................................................................ 34

#2.7 Rhythm Builder: 6/8 Syncopations, Quarter Note Triplets, Half Note Triplets .... 35

#2.8 "Two Line" Tunes: Syncopations Using Triplets ..................................................... 36

#2.9 Memorize This: Natural and Harmonic Minor Scales ........................................... 37

#2.10 "Two-Line" Tunes: Natural and Harmonic Minor Scales ...................................... 38

#2.11 Tech Builder: Accuracy with Leaps ......................................................................... 39

#2.12 Tech Builder: Building Valve Technique ................................................................ 40

#2.13 Two Line Tunes: Valve Facility ............................................................................... 42

#2.14 Memorize This: Melodic Minor ............................................................................. 43

#2.15 "Two-Line" Tunes: Melodic Minor ......................................................................... 45

#2.16 Memorize This: Minor Arpeggios .......................................................................... 46

#2.17 Two-Line Tunes: Minor Arpeggios ........................................................................ 47

#2.18 Rhythm Builder: Sextuplets ................................................................................... 48

#2.19 Two-Line Tunes: Sextuplets ................................................................................... 49

#2.20 Tech Builder: Chromatic Scales Using Sextuplets ................................................ 50

#2.21 "Two-Line" Tunes: Two-Octave Scales .................................................................... 51

#2.22 Memorize This: Dominant 7th Chords ................................................................... 52

#2.23 One-Line Tunes: Dominant 7th Chords with Syncopation ................................... 54

#2.24 Concert Piece in E-flat ........................................................................................... 55

Duet Part ........................................................................................................................ 56

vii 

Page 8: Bass Trombone Craft · iii. At that time, there were no methods for the bass trombone and practically no solo material. Allen Ostrander wrote the first bass trombone method in 1948

 

 

Table of Contents (continued):

Part Three

#3.1 Two Pieces in C Major ............................................................................................. 57

#3.2 Rhythm Builder: The Dotted Rhythm in 6/8 ......................................................... 58

#3.3 Two-Line Tunes: Dotted Rhythms in 6/8 .............................................................. 59

#3.4 “Two-Line” Tunes: Two-Octave Scales with Syncopation ...................................... 60

#3.5 Tech Builder: Preparing for Added Sharps/Flats ..................................................... 61

#3.6 Two Pieces in G-flat Major ...................................................................................... 62

#3.7 Two Pieces in B and F-sharp Major ........................................................................ 63

#3.8 Rhythm Builder: Beat Subdivisions ....................................................................... 64

#3.9 "Two-Line" Tunes: Beat Subdivisions ...................................................................... 65

#3.10 Memorize This: Two-Octave Arpeggios ................................................................. 66

#3.11 Three Short Pieces with Two-Octave Arpeggios .................................................... 67

#3.12 Rhythm Builder: Metric Challenges ....................................................................... 68

#3.13 Two-Line Tunes: Metric Challenges ...................................................................... 69

#3.14 Tech Builder: Broken Arpeggios ............................................................................ 70

#3.15 “Two-Line” Tunes: Broken Arpeggios ...................................................................... 71

#3.16 Tech Builder: Developing Accuracy in the High Range ......................................... 72

#3.17 Two Line Tunes: High Range Security ................................................................... 73

#3.18 Tech Builder: Improving the Lower Pedals ............................................................ 74

#3.19 Two-Line Tunes: Improving the Lower Pedals ...................................................... 75

#3.20 Tech Builder: Diminished 7th Chords .................................................................... 76

#3.21 Three Short Pieces with Diminished 7th Chords .................................................... 77

#3.22 Tech Builder: Dissonant Leaps .............................................................................. 79

#3.23 Two Fanfares .......................................................................................................... 80

#3.24 Concert Piece .......................................................................................................... 82

viii 

Page 9: Bass Trombone Craft · iii. At that time, there were no methods for the bass trombone and practically no solo material. Allen Ostrander wrote the first bass trombone method in 1948

 

 

Table of Contents (continued): Appendix 1: Developing the Legato Tongue

App 1.1: First Exercises .......................................................................................... 83

App 1.2 Integrating with Slide Movement ............................................................. 84

Appendix #2: Double-Tonguing

App 2.1: Developing the "kah" Tongue .................................................................. 85

App 2.2: Developing the "taka" Alternation with Some Slide Movement ............ 86

App 2.3: Gliding Through Positions ...................................................................... 87

App 2.4: Two-Note Patterns .................................................................................. 88

App 2.5: Speeding Up and Slowing Down ............................................................. 90

App 2.6: Longer Patterns ....................................................................................... 91

App 2.7: Scale Patterns .......................................................................................... 92

Appendix #3: Triple Tonguing

App 3.1: Developing the Triple Tongue ................................................................. 94

App 3.2: Gliding Through Positions ...................................................................... 96

App 3.3: Scale Patterns .......................................................................................... 97

Appendix #4: Pattern-Building

App 4.1a: Vade Mecum (edited) ............................................................................. 98

App 4.1b: Vade Mecum (unedited) ...................................................................... 100

Table of Major Scales - stepwise sequence ...................................................... 102

App 4.2: Major Scales - stepwise sequence ......................................................... 103

App 4.3: Major and Melodic Minor Scales, Two Octaves ..................................... 112

App 4.4: Two-Octave Major and Chromatic Scales .............................................. 116

App 4.5: Varied Scale Patterns ............................................................................. 120

App 4.6: Varied Arpeggio Patterns ...................................................................... 123

App 4.7: Patterns from Selected Repertoire ......................................................... 127

Appendix #5: Interval Accuracy

App 5.1: Centering Leaps ..................................................................................... 133

App 5.2: Octave Scales ......................................................................................... 134

App 5.3: Expanding Scales .................................................................................... 135

App 5.4: Interval Practice from Selected Repertoire ............................................ 137

App 5.5: Wide Leaps in Legato ............................................................................. 141

App 5.6: Varied Fifths .......................................................................................... 143

App 5.7: Varied Leaps .......................................................................................... 144

ix

Page 10: Bass Trombone Craft · iii. At that time, there were no methods for the bass trombone and practically no solo material. Allen Ostrander wrote the first bass trombone method in 1948

 

 

Table of Contents (continued):

Appendix #6: Developing the High Range

Introduction .......................................................................................................... 145

App 6.1: Glisses and Slurs ..................................................................................... 147

App 6.2: Glissando Scales .................................................................................... 148

App 6.3: Arpeggios ............................................................................................... 150

Appendix 7: Tone and Tuning

App 7.1: Opening Up the Sound ............................................................................ 151

App 7.2: Working with a Tuner ............................................................................. 152

App 7.3: Working with a Drone ............................................................................ 154

App 7.4: A Variation on the Remington Long Tones............................................ 155

App 7.5: Expanding Scales .................................................................................... 156

App 7.6: Tonic-Dominant Patterns in Different Musical Contexts ...................... 157

App 7.7: Tuning Fifths and Octaves Over a Drone ............................................... 159

App 7.8: Tuning Major Thirds Over a Drone ....................................................... 160

App 7.9: Drone Melodies ...................................................................................... 161

App 7.10: Chord Progressions (two players) ........................................................ 165

App 7.11: Two-Voice Chorale: “Nun Danket all Gotte” ........................................ 166

App 7.12: Two-Voice Bordogni Reductions ......................................................... 167

Appendix 8: Tenor and Alto Clef

App 8.1: Getting Started with Tenor Clef .............................................................. 172

App 8.2: Reading Bass as Tenor Clef Down an Octave ........................................ 174

App 8.3: Alto Clef for Bass Trombone .................................................................. 176

Appendix 9: Flow Exercises (sing, buzz, play)

Introduction ..........................................................................................................178

App 9.1: Neighbor Tones ....................................................................................... 179

App 9.2: A Singing Scale Pattern ......................................................................... 180

App 9.3: An Octave Neighbor Tone Pattern ......................................................... 181

App 9.4: Arpeggiating a Tonic-Dominant Progression ....................................... 182

App 9.5: Diatonic Intervals .................................................................................. 183

App 9.6: Quartal Intervals ................................................................................... 184

App 9.7: Ten Other Flow Patterns ....................................................................... 185

About the Author .................................................................................................. 186

Page 11: Bass Trombone Craft · iii. At that time, there were no methods for the bass trombone and practically no solo material. Allen Ostrander wrote the first bass trombone method in 1948

? 44 Ó Œ œ

Centering the B The B natural tends to be a problem with centering and pitch. Much of this trouble arises fromincorrect slide placement. Although the different valve versions will be used most often, don't give up on the B in 7th position. Too many young bass trombonists start to think that, because they have all those valves, they no longer need to bother with the longer positions. This is a mistake.

˙6 Œ œ ˙n

7 Œ œ ˙6 Œ œ ˙

7 Œ œb1

? ˙nV Œ œ

V ˙V Œ œb

1

˙nΓ Œ œΓ .˙

Γ Œ

? ˙V ˙ .˙

Δ Œ ˙Γ ˙ .˙Δ Œ ˙

Γ

˙Δ

˙7

˙Δ

.˙Δ

Œ

? 44legato

œ œV

œV

œΔ

œΔ Œ

Valve Choices

œsimile

œ œ œ œ Œ œ œΓ

œΓ

œΔ

œΔ Œ œ

simile

œ œ œ œ Œ œ œΓ

œΓ

œV

œΔ Œ

?œsimile

œ œ œ œ Œ œΔ

œΔ

œV

œΔ

œΔ Œ œ

Δ

œV

œV

œV

œΔ Œ œ

Δ

œV

œΓ

œV

œΔ Œ œ6 œ œ œ œ6 Œ

? œV œ œ œ œV Œ œΓ œ œ œΓ œ Œ œ œ œ œΔ

œ Œ œ œ œ œV

œ Œ.˙ œ w

? # 44 œP œ œ œ œ œ œEtude q = 76

œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ# œ Œ œf œ

jœ œjœ

? # œ œ Jœ œ JœFœ œ œ œ œ œ .œ œ œ œ œ œ ˙

jœp.œ œ œ œ œ ˙ Ó

#1.9 Tech Builder: Preparing for C and G11.

Page 12: Bass Trombone Craft · iii. At that time, there were no methods for the bass trombone and practically no solo material. Allen Ostrander wrote the first bass trombone method in 1948

? bb 44 .œ œ .œ œ œ œ œ œ œq = 63-104

Basic rhythm exerciseTry this at a variety of tempos. Make sure the sixteenth note is accurate.

Few rhythms are performed incorrectly as often as the dotted-eighth sixteenth. The most common error is a "one-size-fits-all" sixteenth note which ends up being too fast in slow tempos and too slow in fast tempos

.œ œ .œ œ œ Œ .œ œ œ œ œ œ .œ œ œ ‰ . Rœ .œ œ œ Œ? bb œ œ œ œ .œ œ .œ œ œ .œ œ .œ œ œ Œ .œ œ .œ œ œ œ œ œ œ ‰ . rœ .œ œ œ Œ

? b 443œ jœ

3œ jœ 3œ jœ œ3œœœ 3œœœ 3œœœ œ

Accuracy DuetHave a partner play the bottom line to ensure accuracy.

q = 63-104 .œ œ .œ œ .œ œ œœœœœ œœœœ œœœœ œ3œ jœ 3œ jœ 3œ jœ œ3œœœ 3œœœ 3œœœ œ

.œ œ .œ œ .œ œœœœœœ œœœœ œœœœœ? b œ

3œ jœ œ Œ3œ œ œ 3œ œ œ œ Œ

œ .œ œ œ Œœ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ Œ

.œ œ .œ œ .œ œ .œ œœ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ .œ œ ˙œ œ œ œ œ ˙

? 44 œF.œ œ œ .œ œ

q = 104

EtudeIt is often harder to maintain accuracy on longer strings of dotted rhythms.

.œ œ .œ œ ˙ .œ œ .œ œ .œ œ .œ œ .œ œ .œ œ œ œ? ‰ . RœP.œ œ .œ ‰ ‰ . Rœ .œ œ .œ Jœ .œ œ .œ

œ .œ œ œ œ œ .œ œ œ Œ

? œfœ œ œ ≈ œ .œ œ .œ œ œ œ œ œ ‰ . Rœp

.œ œ œ jœ ‰ ‰ . Rœ .œ œ œ Jœ ‰

? .œFœ .œ œ .œ œ .œ œ .œ

cresc.

œ .œ œ .œ œ .œ œ .œfœ .œ œ .œ œ .œ œ œ .œ œ œ Œ

#1.15 Rhythm Builder: The Dotted Eighth-Sixteenth Rhythm17.

Page 13: Bass Trombone Craft · iii. At that time, there were no methods for the bass trombone and practically no solo material. Allen Ostrander wrote the first bass trombone method in 1948

? b b C œPœV

œ œ œ œΓ

œ œh = 66

It seems there are two schools of thought with double valve usage: 1. Make the most of the natural valve slurs ("You've got two valves, use them") 2. Avoid extensive valve changes; legato tongue more, ("Keep things simple")

It is possible to find excellent players following either approach. For that reason, I have also provided an unedited version of these scales (#1.17b).

For some of the scales below, you will find two versions of the same scale: (a) and (b). One has greater valve changes and one has fewer. Try both, consult a good teacher, and make your best choice based on your instrument and your teacher's recommendations.

œ œ œ œ .œ Jœ œ œ œ œ œ œ œΓ

œ .œ jœV

˙U

? b b b œsimile (still legato, same dynamic shape)

(a) œV Γ

œV

œ œ œΓ

œ œ œ œΓ

œ œ .œ Jœ œ œ œΓ

œ œ œ œΓ

œV

.œΔ jœ

Γ

˙UV

? b b b œV

(b) œ œ œ œ œΓ

œ œ œ œΓ

œ œ .œ Jœ œ œ œΓ

œ œ œ œV

œ .œ jœΓ

˙UV

? b b b œsimile œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œb 4 œ .œ Jœb 4 œ œb 4 œ œ œ œ œ œ .œ Jœ

? b b b b œ(a) œV œ œ œ œ œ

V œΓ œ œ œ œ .œ Jœ œ œ œ œ œΓ œ

V œ œ .œ jœV ˙

U

? b b b b œ(b) œ1

œ œ œ œV œ

6

œ5 œ œ œ œ .œ Jœ œ œ œ œ œ

5

œ6

œV œ .œ jœ

V ˙U

#1.17a Memorize This: Flowing Major Scales (edited) 19.

Page 14: Bass Trombone Craft · iii. At that time, there were no methods for the bass trombone and practically no solo material. Allen Ostrander wrote the first bass trombone method in 1948

? bb C œPœ œ œ œ œ œ œ

#1.17b Memorize This: Flowing Major Scales (unedited)

h = 66

For those of you who would rather see a version of these scales without any valve markings, here you go.Mark in what you plan to use. Don't forget to play musically!

You might also want to use this page to "quiz" yourself on positions.

œ œ œ œ .œ Jœ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ .œ jœ ˙U

? bb b œsimile (still legato, same dynamic shape)

œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ.œ Jœ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ .œ jœ ˙

U

? bb b œsimile œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ .

œ Jœ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ .œ JœU̇

? bb b b œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ .œ Jœ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ .œ jœ ˙

U

? # œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ.œ Jœ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ .œ jœ ˙

U

? œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ .œ Jœ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ .œ Jœ ˙

U

? b œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œœ œ œ .œ Jœ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ .œ Jœ U̇

? b œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ .œ Jœ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ .œ jœ ˙

U

21.

Page 15: Bass Trombone Craft · iii. At that time, there were no methods for the bass trombone and practically no solo material. Allen Ostrander wrote the first bass trombone method in 1948

? ## 44 œa.

Fœ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œq = 88 .œ œ .œ œ œ Œ œ œ

œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ? ## œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ ‰ œf

œ .œ œ .œ œ œ œ œ œ œ .œ œ .œ œ œ œ œ œ œ? ## œPœ œ œ œ

œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ .œ ‰ œf œ œ œ .œ œ œ? ## œ œ œ œ œ

≈ œFœ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ ˙

? ## 86 œPb. ‰ œ .œq = 112

œ œ œ œ œ œ œ ‰ œ .œ œ œ œ œ œ œ# œœ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ Jœ

? ## œ œ œ œœ œ .œ Œ . œ

Fœ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ .œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ .œ

? ## œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œœ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ .œ Œ . œ

P‰ œ .œ œ œ œ œ œ œ

? ## œ œ œ œ œ œ .œ Œ . œ ‰ œ .œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ .œ Œ .

? ## œFœ œ œ œ œ .œ Œ . œ œ œ œ jœ .œ

Œ ..œf œ

jœ .œ œ‰

? ## œ jœ œ œ œ#See also: Blume/Fink 36 Studies, #1i; Bollinger Valve Technique, pp.16-17; Gillis 70 Progressive Studies, #13, #33

.œ Œ . .œF œ œ# œ .œ œ

‰ œfjœ œ jœ .œ Œ .

#2.1 Two Pieces in D Major

29.

Page 16: Bass Trombone Craft · iii. At that time, there were no methods for the bass trombone and practically no solo material. Allen Ostrander wrote the first bass trombone method in 1948

? bb b 86 œ Jœ Jœ œBasic Rhythm Exercise

Use a metronome!q k = 88 œa.

Jœ Jœ œ ‰ œ œ ‰ œ œ œ œ œ Œ ‰ ‰ œ œ Jœ

? bb b œ œ œ œ Jœ ‰ Jœ ‰ œ ‰ œ .œ Œ . ‰ Jœ ‰ ‰ Jœ ‰ ‰ œ œ œ œ œ

? bb b ‰œ œ ‰ Jœ ‰

The trick to placing the second and third notes of these longer triplets is simply to know where each note falls in relation to the beat. Some fall as triplet pick-ups to a downbeat ("ba-oom") and others fall as the triplet after the downbeat ("oom-ba"). Notice in the Basic Rhythm Exercise above that letter "a" is thesame as a quarter note triplet and letter "b" is the same as a half note triplet.

.œ Œ . .œb. Jœ œ œ Jœ .œ Jœ œ œ œ œ Jœ ‰ ‰ Œ .

4444

3œ œ œ 3œ œ œ

Developing the Quarter Note and Half Note Triplets

3

œ œ œ3

œ œ œ3

œ œ œ3

œ œ œ˙ Ó˙ Ó

3˙ ˙ ˙

3

œ œ œ3

œ œ œ3

œ œ œ3

œ œ œ˙ Ó˙ Ó

? b b 443œ œ œ 3œ œ œ 3

œ œ œUse a metronome!

q = 88 3‰ œ œ 3œ œ œ ˙3œ jœ

3

jœ œ3

œ œ œ œ

? bb 3œ œ œ3

œ œ œ ˙ œ 3œ œ œ3

œ œ œ œ3˙ ˙ ˙

? bb3œ œ œ œ

3

œ œ œ œ3

œ œ œ3

œ œ œ3

œ œ œ ˙ Ó

#2.7 Rhythm Builder: 6/8 Syncopations, Quarter Note Triplets, Half Note Triplets35.

Page 17: Bass Trombone Craft · iii. At that time, there were no methods for the bass trombone and practically no solo material. Allen Ostrander wrote the first bass trombone method in 1948

? bb 44 œa. œ œ œœ Œ

q = 72-120

Simple rule: if you miss a note, you must slow down. Make sure those bottom "money" notes arerock solid.

œ œ œ œœ Œ œ œ

œœ œ Œ œ œ œ

œ œ Œ

? bb ‰ œ œœ œ œ

œ ‰ œœœ œœœ ‰ œ

œ œ œ œ œ jœœJœ œ œ

Œ

? ## # # # 44 œb. œ œ œœ Œ œ œ œ œ

œ Œ ‰ Jœœœœ ‰œ œ œ œ

œ Œ

? ## # # # œœ œœ œœ œœœ œœ œœ œ œ

œ œ œ œ œ œ œœ œ œ œ œ

? 44 œc. œ œ œœ Œ œ œ œ œ

œ Œ ‰œ Jœ œ œ œ

œ ‰œ Jœ œ œ

œ? ‰ œ

œ œ œ œ œ‰œœ œ œ œ œ

‰ jœœ œ œ œ œ

œ œ œ œœ

? b b b b b 44œ

d. œ œ œœŒ œ œ œ œ

œ Œ Jœ œJœ œ œ œ Jœ

œJœ œ œ œ ‰ œ œ

œ œœ

? bb b b b ‰ œ œœ œœ ‰ œ œ

œ œ œ œ ‰œ œœ œ œ œ ‰ J

œ œJœ œ jœ œ

œ œœ œŒ

39.#2.11 Tech Builder: Accuracy with Leaps

For additional practice, look at the exercises in Appendix #5, "Interval Accuracy."

Page 18: Bass Trombone Craft · iii. At that time, there were no methods for the bass trombone and practically no solo material. Allen Ostrander wrote the first bass trombone method in 1948

? bb b 44 œa.

f .œ œ œ ≈ œFœ œq = 84

œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œœ œ œ œ ≈ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ .œ œ

? bb b œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ ‰ jœp .œ œ œ œ œ œ œ ‰jœ

cresc.

.œ œ œ œ œ œ œ

? bb b ≈ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œœ œ œ œ œ

fœ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ Œ œ

Œ? ## 86 œb. p

œœ œ œœq k = 104 œœœ œœœ œœœ œœœ œ œ œ œ ‰œFœœœ œ œ œ œ œœœœ œœœ œœœ œ

jœ œ ‰? ## ‰œp

œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ ‰ ‰ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ ‰ œPœ œ œ œœ œœ œœ œ œ œ œ

œ œ œ œ .œ Œ .

? b b b b b 43 Œc.

Fœ œh k = 54 œ> œœœœ œœœœœœ œ œ œ œ

œ Œfœ œ œ> œ œ œœ œœœœœœ ˙ Œ

? bb b b b ŒœPœ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ Œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ ‰Jœ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œœœœ œ œ œ Ó

? 42 œd.

f œ œœ œ œ œ

q = 80

œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ ‰ JœFœ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ

? œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ ˙ ‰ œP œ œ œ œœ œ œ œ ‰ jœ œ œ œ œ

? ‰ œF œ œ œ œ œ œ>œ œ œ œ œ

fœ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ ˙

#2.21 "Two-Line" Tunes: Two Octave Scales51.

Slide positions are not indicated. Look these through and mark some in. For additional scale practice, see Appendix #4: Scale Pattern-Building.

Page 19: Bass Trombone Craft · iii. At that time, there were no methods for the bass trombone and practically no solo material. Allen Ostrander wrote the first bass trombone method in 1948

? 86 œPa. œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ# œ œ œ œ œ œ# œ œ œ œ œ œ œ ‰ œp œ# œ œ œ

œ œ œ# œ œ ‰ œp œ œ? œœœœ œ# œ œF

œœœœœ œ œ œ .œ ‰œ œ œ œ œ .œ Œ . œf‰ .œ ‰œPœ

œœœ œ œ œ .œ Œ . Œ . œ‰ .œ

? ‰ œPœ œ œœ œ œ œ .œ Œ . œ œ œ œP

œ œ œ œ œcresc.

œ œ œ œ ‰ œ œ œ œ œ œ# œ œ œœ‰œFœ œ œ œ œ

? œœœœœœ œœœœœ œ .œ Œ . œP œ œœ cresc.

‰ œ œ œœ‰ œ œ œ œ œ œœf‰ œ ‰ œ ‰ Œ. ‰œPœœœ œ œ

‰ Œ.

? 44 œfb.œ œ œ œœ œ œœœœœœ

q = 84

œ œ# œ œ œœ Œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ# œ œ œ œ œn œ œ

œ? ‰ jœ> œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ

œ œ œ œ

See also: Aharoni New Method, #93, #105; Blume/Fink 36 Studies for Trb. with F Attachment, #13, #14, #29; Bollinger Valve Technique, pp.20-21; Bordogni/Ostrander Melodious Etudes for Bass Trb. #22; Gillis 70 Progressive Studies, #6, #15, #20, #60; Tyrell 40 Advanced Studies (for tuba), #6, #10, #13

Jœ œ> Jœ œ Œ ≈ œ>p œ

.œ œ œ œ œ œ œœ ≈œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ Œ

? .œP œ œ œœ œ œ œ œ# œ œ> œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ# œ ‰ jœ> œ œ# œ# œ œ œ

œ œ# œ œ œœ#

? œfœn œ œ œ œ œ œ œb œ ≈ œ œ .œ œ

œ œ œ œœ œ

cresc.

≈ œ œ .œ œœ œ œ œ

? ≈œ œ .œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ

jœ ‰ Œ ˙̇

#3.1 Two Pieces in C Majorq k = 100

57.

Page 20: Bass Trombone Craft · iii. At that time, there were no methods for the bass trombone and practically no solo material. Allen Ostrander wrote the first bass trombone method in 1948

? bb b 44 œP

a. œ œ œ œ 5œ œ œ œ œ œq = 60 5œ œ œ œ œ 5œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ# œ

? bb b ‰3œ

fœ œ œ

3

œ œ ≈ 3œ œ ≈ 3œ œ ≈ œ 5≈ œPœ œœ

5

œ œ œœ œ6

œ œn œn œœ œ œN ‰ jœf 3œ œ ≈

3œ œ ≈

3œ œ ≈

3

œ œn≈ œ

? b b 44∏œb. œ 3œ œ œ œ œ œ œ 5œ œ œ œ œq = 60

ƒ. .œ œ œ œ

3œ œ œ œ 3œ

pœ œ 3œ œ œ 3œ œ œ 3œ œ œ œ

fjœ- ‰

? bb ‰ Jœ- œ 3œ œ œ œ œ œ œ 6œ œ# œ œ œ œ 6œ œ œ œ œ œn 3œ# œ œ 5

œ œ œ œœ œ œ œ œ 3œ œ œ œ œ#

? bb 6

œ œ œ œœ œ œ

f

œ œ œ 3.œ œ œ# œ œ 3œpœ# œ 3œœœ 3œœœ 3œœœ 3œ

pœœ

3

œœœ3œœœ

3œœœF.œ ‰ ˙U

? 43 3‰ œf

c.œq = 60 œ œ .œ œ œ

5

œ œ œ œœ .œ œ œ ≈ œ œ œ

5œFœ œ œ œ .œ œ 5

≈ œ œ œ œ

? œ 6œ œ œ œ œ œ5œ œ œ œ œ œ .œ œ œ# .œ œ Œ œ

fœ .œ œ œ 5

œ œ œ œœ œ 6

œ œ œ œœ œ .œ œ

? œœ 3

‰ œpœ œ œ# 3œ œ œ œ œ œ œ 5œ œ œ œ œ 6œ œ œ œ œ œ . .œ# œ œ œ ˙

#3.9 "Two Line" Tunes: Beat Subdivisions65.

Page 21: Bass Trombone Craft · iii. At that time, there were no methods for the bass trombone and practically no solo material. Allen Ostrander wrote the first bass trombone method in 1948

? # 42 83 42 85 42œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ Œ

? # 82 163 82 165 82œ œ œ œ For some reason, composers often notate in a manner that is impressive to the eye but hard on the brain. Here is the exact same rhythm notated differently. It looks more sophisticated but won't sound different.œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ Jœ ‰

? # 166 82 166 ˆ82 82œa. œ œ œ œ œ Compound time signatures are a conveniant shorthand to make the page less crowded. "A" and "B" sound the same.

Jœ Jœ Jœ ‰ œb. œ œ œ œ œ œ œ Jœ ‰

? 82 166 82 166 82 165‰ jœF

Etude

e = 120-144

If you're confused, write in vertical lines for groups of two and triangles for groups of three. Professionals do this, why not you?

œ œ œ œ œ œ# œb> œn> œ œ œœb œ œ œb> œb> œ>

fœ œ jœb

? 167 166 42œ> œ œ jœb jœ œ> œ œ œb œ œ .œPœ .œ œ œ œ œ œ œb .œ œ .œ œ œ œ œ œb œ

? 82ˆ166 166 165 166œ#>f œ>œ>‰ ≈ œ>œ>œ> œ#>œ>œ> ‰ ≈ œ>œ>œ> œnF

œ œ œ œ œ# .jœb> jœn> œ œ œœb œ œ

? 165 167 169 82ˆ163.Jœb> Jœb> œ> œ œ jœb œ>œ œ œb œ œ œœœœœ œb œb

œb Jœf‰ œn œn œn Jœ# ‰ œb œb œb

? 42 166.œ œ .œ œ œ œ œ œb œb .œ œ .œ œ œ œ œ œb œ œb>ƒœ>≈ œb>œ> ≈ œb> œ>

≈ jœbU ≈

? 166 ˆ82 166 82œFœ œ œ œ œ# œb> œn> œ œ

œ œ œ œ# œb> œn> œ# œ# œ œ œ œ œ œœ œb œb œb Jœ> ‰>

#3.12 Rhythm Builder: Metric Challenges Newer compositions often use unusual and/or changing time signatures. The assumption with shifting meters is a constant subdivision throughout, such as steady eighth or sixteenth notes.

68.

Page 22: Bass Trombone Craft · iii. At that time, there were no methods for the bass trombone and practically no solo material. Allen Ostrander wrote the first bass trombone method in 1948

? 812 œa. F

œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œIrish Jig (q k = c.80)

œœ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ .œ œ

œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œœ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ ‰ œ œ#

? œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ .œ‰ œf

œ .œ ‰ œ œ .œ ‰ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ .˙ Ó .

? b b b 42 œb.

Fœ œ œ œ

Ragtime (q = 76) œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ# 5( )œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ ‰ Jœ .œ œ œ œ# 5( )œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ? b b b jœ

‰ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ ≈ œF

œ .œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ≈ œ>f œ œ œ> œœ>

Œ

? b b b b 43 œc.

F.œ jœ

Waltz (q = 144) ˙ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ Œ œ .œ jœ ˙ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ Œ

? b b b b œ.œ>

FJœ .œ>

Jœ œ> œ œ .œ> jœ œ œ Œ œ.œ>

Jœ .œ>Jœ œ> œ œ .œ> jœ œ

œŒ

œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ

? b b b b œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ Œœ œ œ

‰ Jœ œ ‰ Jœ œ œ œ œ œ ‰ jœ œ ‰ jœ œ œ œ .˙? # # 44 jœd.

fœ Jœ Jœ

œ Jœ>Swing (q = 120)

Jœ œ Jœ œ œ ‰ Jœ> Jœ œ Jœ# Jœ œ Jœ œn œ œ œ ‰ jœ>Œ

? # # jœFœ> jœ>

jœ œ> jœ jœœ> Jœ> Jœ

.œ> ‰ œ̂ jœ jœœ> jœ œ

œ œ œ> œ œ œŒ

œ>ƒœœ>

Œ

You can practice these fast and sloppy or slow and accurate. Which do you think yields more benefit?#3.15 "Two-Line" Tunes: Broken Arpeggios

71.

Page 23: Bass Trombone Craft · iii. At that time, there were no methods for the bass trombone and practically no solo material. Allen Ostrander wrote the first bass trombone method in 1948

? bb b b 44 .œfa. œ œ œ œ œ

#3.19 Two-Line Tunes: Improving the Lower Pedals

q = 80

Some passages are marked in octaves. This is mostly done for ease of reading. It may also help to play those upper octaves to clarify the pitches for your ear. These pieces roughly parallel the tenor trombone version of Trombone Craft #2.13.

‰ jœ œ œ œ œ œ‰ jœ œ œ œ œ œ œ .œ œf œ œ œ

Œ

? bb b b œPœ œ œ œ œ œœ> œœ>

œœ>ŒœP œ œ

œ œ œ .œ œ œfœ œn œ ˙

? # 86 œb. F jœ œ jœq k = 63

œ‰ œ ‰ œ jœ jœ œ .œ

Œ .œjœ .œ Œ jœ .œ

Œ jœ œjœ .œ œ

‰? # œPœ œ ˙ Œ œ-f œ- œ- -̇

Œ œFjœ œ jœ œ# œ œn .œ

Œ . ..œœ .œŒ .

? b b b b b 43 œc.

F œ œq = 96

˙ŒœŒœ ˙

Œ jœœ‰ jœœ‰ jœœ‰ jœœ‰ jœœ‰ jœœ‰ jœœ‰‰ jœœnnjœœ‰

? bb b b b ˙ Œ .œpjœ œ ˙ Œ œœF œœ œœ

..œœ‰ œœnnjœœ‰Jœ‰Œ jœœ

‰Jœ‰Œ œœf‰ jœœnn œœ ˙̇

Œ

? 44 œd.

f œ œ œq = 84

œ ‰ jœ œ Œ œœ œœ œœ œœœœ‰ jœœ œœ

Œ

? .œPjœ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ

Œ ‰ œ# œ œ œ œŒ œœ ˙̇

75.

Page 24: Bass Trombone Craft · iii. At that time, there were no methods for the bass trombone and practically no solo material. Allen Ostrander wrote the first bass trombone method in 1948

? 44 œDa. œG œD œG œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ

The slowest notes should be slower than your fastest single tongue. The exact number of notes isn't important. The main thing is to achieve a smooth change of tempo. Slowing down is trickier than speeding up. Keep the speed change smooth.

˙ Ó

? œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ ˙ Ó

? œb œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ ˙b Ó

? œœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœ ˙ Ó œœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœ ˙ Ó

? œDb.

œG œD œG œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ ˙ Ó

? œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ ˙ Ó

? œb œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ ˙b Ó

? œœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœ ˙ Ó œœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœœ ˙ Ó

Appendix #2: Double TonguingApp 2.5: Speeding Up and Slowing Down

90.

Page 25: Bass Trombone Craft · iii. At that time, there were no methods for the bass trombone and practically no solo material. Allen Ostrander wrote the first bass trombone method in 1948

? 86œT

a.œT œT œT ‰

q = 108-144

Put the "kah" on the third note of the triplet, not the second. This makes the downbeat stronger.

Appendix #3: Triple TonguingApp 3.1: Developing the TripleTongue

œT œT œK œT ‰ œT œT œK œT œT œK .œT Œ .

? œT œT œT œT ‰ œT œT œK œT‰ œT œT œK œT œT œK .œT Œ . œb

simileœ œ œ ‰ œb œ œ œ ‰ œb œ œ œ œ œ .œb Œ .? œb œ œ œ ‰ œb œ œ œ ‰ œb œ œ œ œ œ .œb Œ . œ# œ œ œ ‰ œ# œ œ œ ‰ œ# œ œ œ œ œ .œ# Œ .? œ œ œ œ ‰

Don't try to go too fast. Make the notes clear and even.

œ œ œ œ ‰ œ œ œ œ œ œ .œ Œ . œ œ œ œ ‰ œ œ œ œ ‰ œ œ œ œ œ œ .œ Œ .

? b 86 œTb.œTœK œœ œq k = 108-176 œ œœ œœ œ .œ Œ . œ œœ œœ œ œœœ œ œ œ .œ Œ . œ œœ œœ œ œ œœ œ œ œ

? b.œ Œ . œœœ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ .

œŒ .œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ .œ Œ . œ œ œ œ œ œ

? b œ œ œ œœœ .œ Œ .œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ .œ Œ . œ œ œ œœœ œ œ œ œ œ œ .œ Œ .

? b b b 86 œc. œœœœœ œœœœœœ .œ Œ . œœœœœœ œœœœœœ .œ Œ . œœœœœœ œœœœ œ œ

? bb b.œ Œ . œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ .œ Œ . œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œœœ .œ Œ . œ œ œ œ œ œ

? bb b œ œ œ œ œ œ .œ Œ .œ œ œ œœœ œ œ œ œ œ œ .œ Œ . œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ .œ Œ .

94.

Page 26: Bass Trombone Craft · iii. At that time, there were no methods for the bass trombone and practically no solo material. Allen Ostrander wrote the first bass trombone method in 1948

? 44 œV œ œ œ

Γ

œΓ œ œ

Γ

œΓ

"Vade mecum" means "go with me" in Latin. These exercises will help you improve valve technique. Two versions are presented, one edited and one unedited. Many bass trombonists risk injury to their left arms because of the weight of the instrument combined with the double valves. To do these correctly, you must rest frequently. At each fermata marked "RELAX," let your left arm hang limp at your side for a few seconds. Shake it out gently before resuming. I know you want to play the 16th notes really fast. If you find yourself stopping and starting, you're simply trying to go too fast. Slow it down, keep it clean and easy. Be patient: the speed will come in time. The suggested valve combinations show a preference for "simple" over "fancy." The next section offers the unedited version of these.

C

rit.

œ œV œV œ ˙

U œ œstart slowly...then get faster

œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œU

? œ œΓsimile

œ œ œ œV œV œ œ

V œ œV œV ˙

UV œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ Œ .˙

U ∑RELAX

U? # # # # # œ

V œ œ œV œ

V œ œV œ

1

B

rit.

œ œV œ1

œ ˙U œ œ

start slowly...then get faster

œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œUœ

? # # # # # œ œV simile

œ œ œ œV œ1

œ œV œ œV œ

1

˙UV œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ Œ

.˙U ∑

RELAX

U? b b œ

V ( )

œ œΓ

œ1

œ œV œ

1

œB-flat

rit.

œ œV œ œ ˙U

6( ) œ œstart slowly...then get faster

œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œU

œ? b b œ

6( )

œV

simile

œ œΓ

œ œV œ œ œ œV œ1

œU̇

œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ Œ.˙

U ∑RELAX

U? # # # œ

V ( )

œ œΓ

œ œ œV œ œA

rit.

œ œV œ œ ˙UΓ œ œ

start slowly...then get faster

œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œU

œ? # # #

œΓ

œsimile

œ œΓ

œ œV œ œ œ œV œ œ ˙U

œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ Œ.˙

U ∑RELAX

U

Appendix 4: Scale Pattern-Building App 4.1a: Vade Mecum (edited)

98.

Page 27: Bass Trombone Craft · iii. At that time, there were no methods for the bass trombone and practically no solo material. Allen Ostrander wrote the first bass trombone method in 1948

? b 44 œœœœœœœœœœœœœœœq = 60-88

1. F

Appendix 4: Scale Pattern-Building App 4.2: Major Scales - stepwise sequence

œœœœœœœ œœœœœœœœ œœœœœœœ œ œœœœœœœ œœ œœ œ œ œœ Œ

? b œ œœ œ œ œœ œ œ œœ œ œ œœ œ œœ œ œ œœœ œ œœ œ œ œœ œ œœ œ œ œœ œ œ œœ œ œ œœ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ

œŒ

? bœ œ œ œ œœœœœœœ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œœœœœœœœœ œ œ œ œ œ œœœœœœœœœœœ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ Œ

? b œœ œœœ œœœ œœœ œœœ œ œœ œœœ œœœ œœœ œœœ œ œœ œœœ œœœ œœœ œœœ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ Œ

? # œœœœœœœœœœœœœœœ2. G œœœœœœœœœœœœœœœ œœœœœœœœœœœœœœœ œ œ œ œ œ œ œœ Œ

? #œœœœœœ œ œ œ œœœœœœ œœœœœ œ œ œ œ œ œœœœœ œœœœ œ œ œ

œ œ œ œ œœœœ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ Œ

? # œ œ œ œ œ œœœœœ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œœœœœœœ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œœœœœœœœœ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ Œ

? # œ œœœœœœœœœœœœœ œ œœœœœœœœ œœœœœœœ œœœœœœœœ œœœœœœœ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ Œ

103.

Page 28: Bass Trombone Craft · iii. At that time, there were no methods for the bass trombone and practically no solo material. Allen Ostrander wrote the first bass trombone method in 1948

? 42 ‰ œa. œ œ œ œ œ"Legato Thirds"

œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ Œ? bb b b b # #

Play first in D-flat, then D

‰ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ Œ

? bb b # # # # ‰ œ œ œ œ œ œ œœ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ Œ

? b ‰ œ œ œ œ œ œ œœ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ Œ

? b 44 œb. œ œ œ œ œ œ œ ‰œ œ

Play first in E, then E-flat.

"Descenders"

œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ ˙ ≈œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ ˙ Ó

? ## # # b b b œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ ‰œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ ˙ ≈

œ œ œ œ œœœœœœœœœœœ ˙ Ó

? ## b b b b b œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ ‰œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ ˙ ≈

œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œœœœœœœœ ˙ Ó

? œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ ‰œ œ

Remember that the lower notes thrive on warmer, less forceful air.

œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ ˙ ≈ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ ˙ Ó

? ## # # # b b œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ‰ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ ˙ ≈

œ œœœœœœœœœœœ œ œ œ ˙Ó

Appendix 4: Pattern BuildingApp 4.5: Varied Scale Patterns

120.

Page 29: Bass Trombone Craft · iii. At that time, there were no methods for the bass trombone and practically no solo material. Allen Ostrander wrote the first bass trombone method in 1948

? 812 œd. œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ .œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ .œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ .œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œœ .œ ‰œ œ œ œ œ .œ Œ .

? ## # # # œœœ œœœœœ œ .œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ .œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œœ .œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œœ .œ ‰ œ œ œ œ œ .œ

Π.

? b b œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ .œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ .œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œœ .œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œœ .œ ‰ œ œ œ œ œ .œ

Π.

? ## # œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ .œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ .œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ .œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œœ .œ ‰ œ œ œ œ œ .œ

Π.

? b b b b œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ .œ œœœœœ œ œ œ œ .œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ .œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œœ .œ ‰ œ œ œ œ œ .œ

Π.

? # œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ .œ œœœœœ œ œ œ œ .œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ .œ œ œ œ œ œœ œ œœ .œ ‰ œ œ œ œ œ .œ

Π.

? b b b b b b œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ .œ œœœœœ œ œ œ œ .œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ .œ œ œ œ œ œœœœœ .œ ‰œœ œ œ œ .œ

Π.

? b œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ .œ œœ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ .œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ .œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œœ .œ ‰œ œ œ œ œ .œ

Π.

Appendix 4: Pattern Building, App 4.5: Varied Scale Patterns122.

These can be especially useful for building valve technique. Start slowly and build gradually.

"Low Triplets"

Page 30: Bass Trombone Craft · iii. At that time, there were no methods for the bass trombone and practically no solo material. Allen Ostrander wrote the first bass trombone method in 1948

? 86 œa. œ œ œ œœ"Chord Sequence" œ œ œ œ œ œ .œ Œ . œ œ œ œ

œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ .œ Œ .

?œ œ œ œœ œ œ œ œ œ œœ .œ Œ . œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ

œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œœ œ œ œ œ œ œ .œ Œ .? b b b b b # # 86Play first in D-flat, then D

œ œ œ œœ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ .œ Œ . œ œ œ œ

œ œ œ œ œ œ œœ .œ Œ .

? b b b b b # # œœœœœ œ œ œ œ œœœ .œ Œ . œ œœœœœ œœ

œœœ œ œ œ œœ œœ œœœœœœ .œ Œ .? b b b # # # # 86 œ œ œ œ

œ œ œ œ œ œ œœ .œ Œ . œ œ œ œœ œ œ œ œ œ œœ .œ Œ .

? b b b # # # # œœœœœ œ œ œ œœœœ .œ Œ . œœœœœœ œœ

œœœ œ œ œ œ œ œœ œ œœœœœ .œ Œ .

? b 86 œ œ œ œœ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ .œ Œ . œ œ œ œ

œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ .œ Œ .

? b œœœ œœ œ œ œ œ œ œœ .œ Œ . œ œ œ œ œ œ œœ

œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ .œ Œ .

? b b b b b b # 86 œ œ œ œœ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ .œ Œ . œ œ œœ

œ œ œ œ œ œœœ .œ Œ .

? b b b b b b œœœœœ œ œ œ œ œœœ .œ Œ . œ œœ œ œœ œœ

œœœ œ œ œ œ œ œœ œ œœ œ œœ .œ Œ .

Appendix 4: Pattern BuildingApp 4.6: Varied Arpeggio Patterns

123.

Page 31: Bass Trombone Craft · iii. At that time, there were no methods for the bass trombone and practically no solo material. Allen Ostrander wrote the first bass trombone method in 1948

? bbb b 83 Jœ g.(cont.)

Play first in bass clef (A-flat), then in tenor down (E-flat)

œ œ œ œ œ œœ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ

? bb b bœ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ ≈

œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ

? bb b b œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œœ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œn œ œ œ œ œ

? bb 83 Jœ œ œ œ œœ œPlay first in bass clef (B-flat), then in tenor down (F)œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ

? bbœ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ ≈

œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ

? bb œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œœ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œn œ œ œ œ œ

? 42 œh. œ œ œ œ œ œ œPlay first in bass clef (C), then in tenor (G) [B-flat will become F natural]

œ œ œ œ œ œ œb œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œC.P.E. Bach, Flute Sonata

? œ œ œ œœ œ œ œ( ), œ œ# œ œ œ# œ œ œ

œ œ# œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ

? œ œ œ œœ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ

œ ≈ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œœ ‰ Jœ œ œ œ

œ

? œœœ œœœ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ .œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ

œ œ œ œ œ .œ œ œContinued on the next page...

˙

Appendix 4: Pattern-Building, App 4.7 Patterns from Selected Repertoire.131.

Page 32: Bass Trombone Craft · iii. At that time, there were no methods for the bass trombone and practically no solo material. Allen Ostrander wrote the first bass trombone method in 1948

? bbb b 43 œd. œn œ œ œ œ œœœnœ œœ œ œn œ œ œ œ œ

œœnœ œœ

Telemann, Flute Fantasia No. 2, Mvt 1 (adapted)

? bbb b jœœb œ œ œ œ

œn jœœ œn œ œ œ

œ jœœb œ œ œ œ

œn jœœ œn œ œ œ

œ

? bb b b jœœ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œn œ œn

œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ ‰ œ œ œ œ œ œ .˙? b 43 œ œn œ œ œ œ œ

œœnœ œœ œ œ# œ œ œ œ œ

œœ#œ œœ

? b jœœb œ œ œ œ

œ# jœœ œ# œ œ œ

œ jœœb œ œ œ œ

œ# jœœ œ# œ œ œ

œ

? b jœœ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œn œ œ#

œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ ‰ œ œ œ œ œ œ .˙? b b b 43 œ œn œ œ œ œ œ

œœnœ œœ œ œn œ œ œ œ œ

œœnœ œœ

? bb b jœœb œ œ œ œ

œn jœœ œn œ œ œ

œ jœœb œ œ œ œ

œn jœœ œn œ œ œ

œ

? bb b jœœ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œn œ œn

œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ ‰ œ œ œ œ œ œ .˙

Appendix 5: Interval Accuracy, App 5.4: Interval Practice from Selected Repertoire.140.

Page 33: Bass Trombone Craft · iii. At that time, there were no methods for the bass trombone and practically no solo material. Allen Ostrander wrote the first bass trombone method in 1948

??4444

∑Free in tempo

Appendix 7: Tone and TuningApp 7.3: Working with a Drone

Ó ˙œ slow gliss

Studentœ œ œb

As you detune, you will hear "beats." Faster beats mean you are farther out of tune. Gliss slowly enoughthat you can really hear the beats change. Listen for that moment when the two notes lock into place.

wTeacher/Drone

U̇Ó

˙,˙

œ slow glissœ# œ œbw

wU

w??bb b b bb b b b b

∑Ó ˙

œsimileœ œ œ∫

w

U̇Ó

˙ , ˙œ œn œ œ∫w

wU

w??bb bb b b

∑Ó ˙

œ œ4 œ œb

w

U̇Ó

˙ , ˙œ œn œ œw

wU

w??## # ## # # #

∑Ó ˙

œ œ œ œn

w

U̇Ó

˙ , ˙œ œ# 5 œ œnw

wU

w

??bb

∑Ó ˙

œ œ œ œw

U̇Ó

˙ , ˙œ œn œ œbw

wU

w

??bb b b b bb b b b b b

∑Ó ˙

œ œ4 œ œ∫

w

U̇Ó

˙ , ˙œ œn œ œ∫w

wU

w

154.

Page 34: Bass Trombone Craft · iii. At that time, there were no methods for the bass trombone and practically no solo material. Allen Ostrander wrote the first bass trombone method in 1948

? 44 44.U̇ œ

Each example presents a simple tuning exercise followed by a musical passage stressing the samestructural notes. Be expressive and mindful of solid intonation. These can also be done over a tuning drone.

Appendix #7: Tone and TuningApp 7.6: Tonic-Dominant Patterns in Different Musical Contexts

C major .U̇ œ .U̇ ŒMaestoso

œ>fœ œœ œ

3

œ œ œ .œ œ œ œ-U( )Œ œ>œ œ œ 3œ œ œ 3œ œ œ

? .œƒœ U̇( ) Œ 3

‰ œ œ3œ œ œ œ œ .œ

Fœ œ œU( ) Œ 3‰ œ

Prit.œ 3œ œ œ .œ Jœ U̇ Ó

? ## 44 44.U̇ œB minor .U̇ œ .U̇ Œ œP

Adagio

œ# œ œ œ .œ JœU̇( ) œ œ# œ œ œ œ œ œ

? ## œ-Fœ U̇( ) ‰ œ

p Jœ# .œ Jœ œ œ .˙

U( ) ‰ œP Jœ# .œ Jœ œ œ œ œ .œ jœ# ˙

UπÓ

? bb b b b 44 89.U̇ œD-flat major .U̇ œ .U̇ Œ .œ>

Lebhaft (lively)

ƒœœ .œ œJœ> œ> Jœ .

U̇( ) .œ> œœ .œ œœœ œ> œ œ .U̇( )

? b b b b bœFœ œ .œ œ Jœ> .œ> œ œ .U̇( ) ‰ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ .˙U( )

ƒ.œ> œ>œ>Jœ> ‰ ‰ Œ. Œ .

? b 44 43.˙Uœ

D minor

.U̇ œ .U̇ Œ ‰ jœfCon forza

.œ œ .œ œ .œ œ œ œU( )‰ jœf .œ œ

? b .œ œ .œ œ œ œU( ) ‰ JœP

dolce

œ œ .œ œ .œ œ œ# œU( ) ‰ jœp œ œ œ œ œ .œ jœ# ˙ Œ

157.

Page 35: Bass Trombone Craft · iii. At that time, there were no methods for the bass trombone and practically no solo material. Allen Ostrander wrote the first bass trombone method in 1948

? # 44 OODrone

These lyrical melodies provide good intonation practice when played along with a tuning drone. Each melody is intended to go over a Perfect 5th drone but can also work over a unison or octave drone. It is possible to create tuning drones electronically or along with a (very) patient partner. As of 2012, my website, BoneZone.org, has a set of tuning drones that work will with these etudes.

jœa. œ Jœ œ œ œq = c. 76

3œ œ œ œ œ ˙ Jœ œ Jœ 3œ œ œ œ œ œ ˙ ‰ Jœ

? # Jœ .œ œ œ œ œ œrœ ˙ œ œ 3œ œ œ œ œ 3œ œ œ œ œ .˙

? # .œ Jœ œ œ œ3œ œ œ œ œ œ

œ# œ .œ Jœn œn œ .˙U( )

? # ˙ .œ Jœ œ œ .˙ jœ œ Jœ œ3

œ œ œ w? bb 43 OO

Drone

Jœ-b. ‰ .œ Jœq = c. 76

Jœ- ‰.œ Jœ Jœ ‰

.œ Jœ œ ˙

? bb œ œ .œ Jœ œ œ# .œ Jœ Jœ- ‰ œ œ .˙

? b b Jœ- ‰ .œ Jœ Jœ- ‰

.œ‰ Jœ-‰œ 3œ œ œ œ œ# ˙

? bb œ œ .œ Jœ œ œ# .œ jœ Jœ- ‰ .œ jœ .˙

? b b œ œ .œ Jœ œ œ# .œ Jœ .˙.˙U

Appendix 7: Tone and TuningApp 7.9: Drone Melodies

161.

I didn't include dynamics because these can be done in a variety of ways. Make them musically interesting.

Page 36: Bass Trombone Craft · iii. At that time, there were no methods for the bass trombone and practically no solo material. Allen Ostrander wrote the first bass trombone method in 1948

? bb 44 ..œœ

a.

This page is also identical to the tenor version of Trombone Craft. Play these slowly enough to really hear the intonation!

œœ œ œ œœœ œ ˙̇

ŒUŒ œœ œœ œ œ œ œ

œ œ œ .œ̇ œjœ œU œœ œœ œœ œœ œ œ œn

œ ˙̇ Œ œUŒ œ

? bbœœ œ œ œœ œ œn ˙̇

Œ œUŒœ œœ œ œ œn œ œ

œ œ œ ˙˙ Œ œUŒ œ œœ œ œ œœ œ œ .˙ .˙

U

? ## # b b b b 44 ..œœ

b.

œœ œ œ œœœ œ ˙̇ ŒUŒ œœ œœ œ œœœœ œœ .œ̇ œ

jœ œU œœ œœ œœ œœ œ œ œnaœ ˙̇ Œ œUŒ œ

? ## # b b b bœœ œ œ œœ œ œna ˙̇ Œ œ

UŒ œœœ œ œ œna œ œœ œ œ ˙˙ Œ œ

UŒ œ œœ œ œ œœ œ œ .˙ .˙

U

? # b b b b b b 44 ..œœc.

œœ œ œ œœœ œ ˙̇ ŒUŒ œœ œœ œ œ œ œœ œ œ .œ̇ œ

jœ œU œœ œœ œœ œœ œ œ œnaœ ˙̇ŒœUŒœ

? # b b b b b bœœ œ œ œœ œ œna ˙̇ Œ œ

UŒ œ œœ œ œ œna œ œ

œ œ œ ˙˙ Œ œUŒ œ œœ œ œ œœ œ œ .˙ .˙

U

? b 44 ..œœd.

œœ œ œ œœœ œ ˙̇ ŒUŒ œœ œœ œ œ œ œœ œ œ .œ̇ œ

jœ œU œœ œœ œœ œœ œ œ œnœ ˙̇ Œ œUŒ œ

? b œœ œ œ œœ œ œn ˙̇ Œ œUŒ œ œœ œ œ œ# œ œ

œ œ œ ˙˙ Œ œUŒ œ œœ œ œ œœ œ œ .˙ .˙

U

Appendix 7: Tone and TuningApp 7.11: Two-Voice Chorale, "Nun danket alle Gott"

This can be done in A or in A-flat. The small accidentals in parentheses are for the key of A major.

166.

Page 37: Bass Trombone Craft · iii. At that time, there were no methods for the bass trombone and practically no solo material. Allen Ostrander wrote the first bass trombone method in 1948

??bb4343Œ Œ œ

a. ƒBased on Bordogni/Rochut #2 (originally Bordogni, Vol. 1 #2)

∑.˙.˙.˙.˙.˙.˙˙ œ.˙.˙.˙L2

.˙L2

.˙˙ œ˙ Œ˙ œ

˙ œ

.˙??bb

˙n œ.˙

L3

˙ œ˙ Œ

˙ œn

.˙L3

˙ œ.˙˙ œ

.˙L4

U̇ œ˙ Œ

.˙.˙.˙

.˙L4

˙ œ˙ Œ

??bb˙ œ.˙L5

˙ œ.˙˙ œ.˙œ Œ Œœ Œ Œ˙

L5

œ.˙˙ œ.˙L6

˙ œ.˙˙ œ.˙˙ œ.˙˙ œ

.˙œn œœ.˙

L7

˙L6

œ

˙ Œ˙ œ

.˙˙ œ

.˙??bb

œ œ œ.˙L8

œ œ œ.˙˙ œ

.˙˙

L7

œ

.˙œ œ œ.˙L9

œ Œ œœ Œ Œ

˙b œ

.˙˙ œ

.˙˙ œb

.˙L10

œ œ œ.˙

L8

˙b œ

.˙˙ œ

.˙??bb˙ œ

.˙L11

œ ŒUœ

œ Œ Œ˙

L9

œ

˙ œ

.˙˙ œ.˙L12

˙ œ˙ Œ˙ œ

œL10

œ œ.˙œ œ œ.˙L13

.˙.˙.˙.˙.˙.˙.˙.˙..˙̇

Appendix 7: Tone and TuningApp 7.12:Two-Voice Bordogni Reductions These duets have a variety of applications. They can stand alone as simple duets to provide intonation practice or the bass line can work as an accompaniment to the corresponding "Rochut" etude. If you wish to play along with the existing "Rochut" etude, you will find references to line numbers: L1, L2, etc. As of 2012, Carl Fischer has released a newer version of these vocalises. The new edition sometimes places the music on different lines. In the line number references below, the small italic numbers (L1) refer to the older edition. The larger, bold numbers (L1) refer to the newer edition. This new edition sometimes includes additional measures rest or even doubles certain measures. Those changes are marked with an asterisk.

167.

Page 38: Bass Trombone Craft · iii. At that time, there were no methods for the bass trombone and practically no solo material. Allen Ostrander wrote the first bass trombone method in 1948

? bb b 86 b b 44œE-flat

Jœ œ Jœ œ œ œ .œ B œB-flat

Jœ œ Jœ œ œ œ .œ

? b b 44 œ Jœ œ Jœ Because the notes are transposed up a perfect fifth by the clef change, the key signature must also change. You have to TAKE AWAY ONE FLAT (OR ADD ONE SHARP) to obtain the correctkey signature. Tranpose that second example down an octave and it falls into a very nice register...

œ œ œ .œ

? wn w# wb wn

? bb 43 .œ jœ œ œ œ œ œ .œ Jœ œ œ .˙

? b b b 43 .œa. Jœ œ œPrinted:

Result whentransposed:

q = 120 œ œ œ .œ Jœ œ œ .˙

? b b b .œ Jœn œœ œ .œ Jœ .œ Jœ œ ˙ œ

? bb b .œ Jœ œ œ œœ .œ Jœ .œ Jœ œn .˙

? b b b .œ Jœ œœ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ .˙

With only two exceptions, all the accidentals can be read as they appear. The exceptions: B-natural in bass clef becomes F-sharp when transposed. B-flat in bass clef will transpose to F-natural...

Appendix 8: Tenor and Alto ClefApp 8.2: Reading Bass as Tenor Clef Down an Octave Many trombonists like to read bass clef etudes as if they were in tenor clef and then transpose them down an octave. Thus the music is transposed down a perfect fourth (up a fifth then down an octave). This places these etudes into a comfortable middle to low range. This transpositionhas been especially popular with the Bordogni vocalises (also known as the Rochut etudes).

A passage written like this ... ....becomes this if you pretend it's in tenor clef:

174.

Page 39: Bass Trombone Craft · iii. At that time, there were no methods for the bass trombone and practically no solo material. Allen Ostrander wrote the first bass trombone method in 1948

Appendix 9: Flow Exercises (sing, buzz, play)

The essential thing when you play any instrument is to keep your "singing mind" awake. As Arnold Jacobs put it, be a great singer in your mind and let your instrument reflect this.Pick any tune and sing or buzz it before playing it on your instrument. Don't worry if it doesn't feel the same as when you play; that's not the important thing. Instead, focus on how you want it to sound. By going back and forth between your instrument and singing/buzzing, you can develop a more natural singing approach without focusing too much on mechanics.

When buzzing, take a deep relaxed breath and buzz with an easy sound. Don't force. A good buzz is a happy balance between the extremes of tight/constricted and loose/airy. In legato, keep a nice steady stream of air flowing. You can get feedback by holding tissue paper or a pinwheel in front of the mouthpiece (an incentive spirometer is also useful for this). I prefer not to tongue when buzzing legato.

Here is a useful trick: as you are taking the mouthpiece out or putting it back into the trombone,use that 'transition time' to sing a few notes. This is very good for the ear. Near each sing/buzz/play line you will see chord changes that can be played on the piano. If you have a keyboard available, play the chords while singing or even while buzzing. Hearing those chords provides an excellent reference to train your ear.

The patterns presented are relatively simple. You can be creative and make up your own patterns. A wonderful exercise is to simply play a chord on the piano and then make up melodies that fit within that harmony.

At times, these patterns may not fit within your vocal range. For female voices, simply sing up an octave as needed. However, continue to buzz/play in the printed octave. For male voices, learn to use your falsetto or "head voice" to extend your range higher without straining.

These kinds of patterns can also be useful in a warm-up or warm-down routine.

I have written another book, Simply Singing for Winds, which is a large collection of simple tunes, most of which are ideally suited to this "sing, buzz, play" approach.

178.

Page 40: Bass Trombone Craft · iii. At that time, there were no methods for the bass trombone and practically no solo material. Allen Ostrander wrote the first bass trombone method in 1948

?&bbbb8686....

..

..

.œSing .œ...˙̇̇

.U̇...˙̇̇

.œ1x Buzz; 2x Play.œ...˙̇̇

.˙...˙̇̇

œ Jœ œ Jœ...œœœ ...œœœ

œ œ œ .œ...œœœ ...œœœ

œ œ œ œœœ...œœœ ...œœœ

.˙...˙̇̇

?&b b b bb b b b....

..

..

.œSing .œ...˙̇̇

.U̇...˙̇̇

.œ1x Buzz; 2x Play.œ...˙̇̇

.˙...˙̇̇

œ Jœ œ Jœ...œœœ ...œœœ

œ œ œ .œ...œœœ ...œœœ

œ œ œ œ œ œ...œœœ ...œœœ

.˙...˙̇̇

?&b b b b b bb b b b b b

..

..

..

..

.œSing .œ...˙̇̇

.U̇

...˙̇̇

.œ1x Buzz; 2x Play.œ...˙̇̇

.˙...˙̇̇

œ Jœ œ Jœ...œœœ ...œœœ

œ œ œ .œ...œœœ ...œœœ

œ œ œ œ œ œ...œœœ ...œœœ

.˙...˙̇̇

?&

## # ## # # #....

..

..

.œSing

.œ...˙̇̇

.˙U

...˙̇̇.œ1x Buzz; 2x Play

.œ...˙̇̇

.˙...˙̇̇

œ jœ œ jœ...œœœ ...œœœ

œ œ œ .œ...œœœ ...œœœ

œ œ œ œ œ œ...œœœ ...œœœ

.˙...˙̇̇

?&

### #....

..

..

.œSing

.œ...˙̇̇

.U̇

...˙̇̇

.œ1x Buzz; 2x Play

.œ...˙̇̇

.˙...˙̇̇

œ jœ œ jœ...œœœ ...œœœ

œ œ œ .œ...œœœ ...œœœ

œ œ œ œ œ œ...œœœ ...œœœ

.˙...˙̇̇

181.Appendix 9: Flow Exercises (sing, buzz, play)App 9.3: An Octave Neighbor Tone Pattern

Make use of natural slurs whenever possible. Any glissandi should be quick and unobtrusive. Although this is notated in 6/8, it should not be played too quickly.