basu water wtp design.ppsx

8/21/2019 Basu Water WTP design.ppsx

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Basu water treatment ( Design & Operation)

Water Treatment Plant DesignWater Treatment Plant Design

alumalum

Flocculation

Clear Well

Sedimentation


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OverviewOverview

Safet

Competition guidelines

Trou!le s"ooting guide#draulic c"allenges

Surface tension

Startup re$uirements%apid i'FlocculationSedimentation

Parting Pointers


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a!orator Safeta!orator Safet

Safet "a*ards+lectrical

C"emical,luminum Sulfate (alum)

Budd Sstem

Don-t go into an ot"er areas of t"e environmental

la!orator Professional !e"avior

PP+. Safet glasses/ la! coat


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Pro0ect +'pectationsPro0ect +'pectations

Spend at least 1 "ours per wee2 wor2ing on WTPoutside of class

3eep an +'cel time s"eet (time in/ time out/ tas2/and wee2l totals) for eac" of ou (email wee2lon T"ursda to 4eff)

Wor2 toget"er as a team and divide up tas2s

Spend time teac"ing eac" ot"er w"at ou arelearning

Professional Pla5 (#ave fun5)


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Team Wor2 Team Wor2

T"in2 efficienc

6ou can-t all wor2 on t"e same t"ing5Compare our team wor2 to soccer plaers

Don-t !unc" up5

7ive eac" ot"er permission to e'periment wit"

t"e planta2e a pro0ect sc"edule


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Water Treatment Plant 7oalsWater Treatment Plant 7oals

Best value (meets +P, tur!idit standard wit"lowest annual cost of production for 86C)

ongest continuous operationBest plant control logicBest plant designBest maintenance plan for cleaning sedimentation

tan2 and flocculation tan2 Documentation of e'perimentation/ data analsis/

and appropriate plant modifications


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+P, Tur!idit Standards+P, Tur!idit Standards

,s of 4anuar 9/ :;;:/ tur!idit ma never e'ceed 9 8T


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+conomics+conomics

Capital costs Cost of !uilding t"e various components

!uilding

Controls and sensors Operation and aintenance costs (O&)

C"emicals (alum)

+lectricit

a!our

Bot" capital and O& costs contri!ute to t"e cost of t"ewater produced

We will onl include t"e capital costs for t"is competition


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Competition +conomicsCompetition +conomics

We will onl include t"e costs for t"e processest"at ou can control

T"e costs will !e scaled as if our plant were fullscale

Ot"erwise t"e computer/ data ac$uisition sstem/and control "ardware would completel dominate

t"e cost5T"e clear well and t"e flow accumulator will not

!e included in t"e economics


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Capital Cost +stimates volume of garnet

sand :; Em> volume of sand

ant"racite >; Em> volume of ant"racite

rapid mi' tan2 @;;; Em> volume of rapid mi' tan2

flocculation tan2 :@;; Em> volume of flocculationtan2

sedimentation :;;; Em> volume of sedimentation tan2

lamella:; Em: total surface area of lamella


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Calculating t"e cost of water from

our plant if applied to 86C

Calculating t"e cost of water from

our plant if applied to 86C

Calculate t"e cost of our plant,ssign cost for 9 wee2 of operation assuming :@

ear life (99>;;t" of total capital cost)Calculate t"e amount of water produced in t"e

wee2 of t"e competition Su!tract an water t"at was produced wit"in 9:

"ours of a tur!idit standard violation

Calculate t"e cost per m> of water producedCalculate t"e annual cost for using our process to

provide ; m>s to 86C


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W"en it doesn-t wor25W"en it doesn-t wor25

6ou are creating a comple' sstem

,n component t"at fails can lead to failure

in t"e sstem

#ow do ou identif t"e source of a

pro!lemG

,ttempt to identif t"e events t"at couldcause a failure in advance


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Scientific et"od of

Trou!les"ooting

Scientific et"od of

Trou!les"ooting

T"e Scientific met"od.Clearl identif t"e pro!lem

Create "pot"esesDesign e'periments to test t"e "pot"eses

Draw conclusions !ased on t"e data

#ow can ou c"oose w"ic" components to test

firstG HntuitionG,s2 w"ic" component could cause t"e o!served

smptoms

%e$uires an understanding of "ow t"e sstem wor2s5


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odular ,pproac"odular ,pproac"

#ow can ou !uild a comple' sstem wit" t"egreatest pro!a!ilit of ultimate successG

Brea2 a sstem down into its components and testindividual pieces

Onl add components to t"e sstem after t"ecomponents "ave !een tested

Begin wit" t"e sstem as simple as possi!leW"at would t"e simplest operating rules !eG

,dd unit processes one ! one


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State ac"inesState ac"ines

W"at are t"e potential states for our water

filtration plantG

Off Down flow

Bac2was"

edia settleFilter to Waste


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Plant State ogicPlant State ogic

,ssume our water treatment plant is

currentl !ac2was"ing=


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Output Device ControlOutput Device Control

Some of t"e controls are eit"er on or off

depending on t"e state

Centrifugal !ac2was" pumpFilter to waste valve

Some of t"e controls "ave varia!le settings

,lum pump rpmFlow control valve


18/39

,lum pump rpm,lum pump rpm

#ow mig"t a plant operator want to controlt"e alum pumpG

Pump rpm,lum stoc2 flow rate

,lum mass rate

,lum concentration after mi'ing

Full automatic !ased on raw water tur!idit

W"at inputs are re$uiredG


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Flow Control IalveFlow Control Ialve

#ow s"ould t"esolenoid valve !econtrolledG

W"at role does t"eflow accumulator

plaGW"at will "appen to

t"e flow rate if t"evalve is opened fora s"ort period oftimeG

Closed loop control logic

P H D

( )

9

c D

I u t K t T T t

e

e e

æ D

= + ×D +çè Då


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#draulic C"allenges(getting t"e water to go w"ere ou want it to go)

#draulic C"allenges(getting t"e water to go w"ere ou want it to go)

ea2sConnections not sufficientl tig"t

Hmprovised connections lac2ing a good seal

OverflowsCaused ! water not going w"ere ou t"oug"t it was

going

Open c"annel flows (air and water) J coming up

+'cessive "ead lossTu!ing si*e too small

Filter clogging


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Simplified WTP Sc"ematicSimplified WTP Sc"ematic

Can t"e flow accumulator !e on t"e !enc" topG W"at controls t"e sedimentation tan2 water levelG W" does t"e water flow t"roug" t"e filterG #ow would ou start up t"e plant and get water to flow

t"roug" t"e filter t"e first timeG #ow muc" "ead loss can t"e filter cause !efore t"e

sstem failsG

Flocculation Clear Well

Sedimentation

6esOverflow weir

+levation difference

Bac2was"


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Hmproved WTPHmproved WTP

W" is t"is !etterG

a' "ead lossG

#ow could oumeasure "eadloss t"roug" t"e

filterGClear Well

Open C"annel Flow

Flocculation

Sedimentation


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%elative Strengt" of Forces%elative Strengt" of Forces

;=;@;

;=;@@;=;;

;=;@

;=;K;

;=;K@

;=;;

; :; 1; ; ; 9;;

Temperature (C)

S u r f a c e t e n s i o n ( 8 m )

;=;@;

;=;@@;=;;

;=;@

;=;K;

;=;K@

;=;;

; :; 1; ; ; 9;;

Temperature (C)

S u r f a c e t e n s i o n ( 8 m )

Surface tension 7ravit

Sta!leL F g gl r =

F l s

s=


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Open C"annel Flows. Water and

,ir

Open C"annel Flows. Water and

,ir

,ll overflows tu!es are open c"annel flow

inimum inside diameter for sin2 drain is

=>@ mm (MN)inimum inside diameter for line w"ere

water level moves up and down !ased on

filter "ead loss is ?=@ mm (>N)W"at "appens if t"e tu!ing isn-t largeenoug" for open c"annel flowG

WTP


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ea2 and Overflow Preventionea2 and Overflow Prevention

Clear well overflow line must !e "ori*ontal or slopingdown (can-t go up and down)

W"at "appens if "ead loss t"roug" t"e filter increases too

muc"G C"ec2 eac" tan2 or tu!e wit" an opening to t"e atmosp"ere

and as2. W"at could cause an overflow at t"is locationG

#ow could we design t"e sstem to reduce ris2 of failure

Turn off t"e manual suppl valve w"en ou aren-t usingt"e plant

a2e sure t"at all solenoid valves are off w"en t"e plantisn-t !eing used=

WTP


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Plant aoutPlant aout

Design a plant laout t"at is eas to follow

Tu!ing lengt"s can !e c"anged so ou can

place our devices anw"ere ou wantt"em

Beware of large diameter "ori*ontal tu!es

containing particlesW"G

WTP


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Startup %e$uirementsStartup %e$uirements

Stamp module must !e on t"e computer side of t"e

!enc" divider

ust prove t"at e'cessive "ead loss will cause t"efilter to !ac2was" !efore causing a flood5

ust s"ow t"at !ac2was" won-t empt clear well

ust s"ow t"at t"e plant switc"es !etween states

correctl


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PointersPointers

Pressure sensors must !e 2ept dr (t"e can fail ifone drop of water soa2s into t"e terminals)


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Operating CriteriaOperating Criteria

Hnitial down flow rate of @ m" (1; mlmin) Hf ou increase t"e down flow rate ma2e a!solutel sure

t"at t"e plant doesn-t overflow


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• Hydraulic Jump. #draulic 4ump creates tur!ulence and

t"us "elp !etter mi'ing=

• Mechanical mixing

Hnflow

C"emical

feeding

C"emical

feeding

Hnflow

Bac2 mi' impeller flat!lade impeller

%apid i'ing%apid i'ing

• In-line flash mixing

Coagulant

7oalG

Poor

+'cellent


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Flocculation DesignFlocculation Design

7oal. produce large flocs from tin particlesCollision ec"anism.

S#+,%

We are doing researc" to findS"ear t"at will cause floc to !rea2 apart (floc strengt")7θ necessar to produce !ig floc (will dictate lengt" of

tu!e flocculator)

Transfer into sedimentation tan2 must !e donewit"out increasing t"e s"ear

#ow s"ort can ou ma2e t"isG


32/39

7iven 7θ/ and d/ Find Floc Tu!e

engt"

7iven 7θ/ and d/ Find Floc Tu!e

engt"

True for laminar flow>1

>

QG

d π =

:

1

d L

Q

π =

:

>

1 9

1 > >d L Q LGQ d d

π θ

π π = ⋅ =

>

9

dG L

π θ =

θ =Q

∀=

:

1d Lπ

Q


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Tur!idit after Sedimentation

Hncreases wit" a'imum S"ear

Tur!idit after Sedimentation

Hncreases wit" a'imum S"ear

,s s"ear increasesfloc si*e decreases

Small floc settle more

slowl Ht is possi!le t"at

some ver smallcolloids are producedw"en large floc

!rea2up 8et result. "ig"ers"ear causes "ig"ertur!idit aftersedimentation

ma' >

>:QG

d π

=


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Sedimentation Tan2 Sedimentation Tan2


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#ow will our Team WinG#ow will our Team WinG

Produce t"e most clean water

3eep costs down

+fficient use of flocculationsedimentation tan2s 4udicious use of filter to waste

Onl !ac2was" w"en needed

Well designed filter media (donated !


36/39

7ood +ngineeringG7ood +ngineeringG

#ow would ou approac" t"is tas2 as a

Cornell engineer in a wa t"at is different

t"en "ow ou would approac" it inelementar sc"oolG

#ow do ou learn a!out t"e p"sical

worldG


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Competition Su!missionCompetition Su!mission

Su!mit @ copies ! @ pm on T"ursda (a @)= +'ecutive Summar

, one page cover letter to t"e 0udges w"ere ou introduce our designfirm/ identif t"e mem!ers of our design team/ and descri!e t"e

important features of our water treatment plant= Final plant sc"ematic

all valves/ sensors/ tan2s/ and pumps wit" correct relative elevations=Clearl s"ow t"e elevation of t"e la!orator !enc" top=

Description of our design and our design process #ow did ou si*e t"e unit processes in our plantG S#OW

C,C


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Parting PointersParting Pointers

#draulics. water flows from "ig"er potential energ to lower potential energ

ea2s. fi' t"em rig"t awa/ clean up allspills immediatel/ 2eep !enc" dr/ sensorsand controls die w"en wet5

Save incremental versions of processcontrol met"od w"enever ou ma2ec"anges


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Thank You

basu water wtp design.ppsx

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