batse : the history and legacy gerald j. (jerry) fishman jacobs technologies, inc
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BATSE : The History and Legacy Gerald J. (Jerry) Fishman Jacobs Technologies, Inc. NASA - Marshall Space Flight Center Huntsville, AL, USA GRB Symposium Marbella, Spain October 8, 2012. 1973 Los Alamos Discovery of GRBs First Public Presentation: . AAS Meeting – Columbus, Ohio - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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BATSE:
The History and Legacy
Gerald J. (Jerry) FishmanJacobs Technologies, Inc.
NASA - Marshall Space Flight CenterHuntsville, AL, USA
GRB SymposiumMarbella, SpainOctober 8, 2012
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1973
Los Alamos Discovery of GRBs
First Public Presentation: AAS Meeting – Columbus, Ohio
Huntsville Gamma-ray Astronomy Group - Decided to Build a
Large-area Detector Balloon Experiment to Detect Weak GRBs
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1974 -1977
Detector Development
&
Early Balloon Flights
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A Large Area Detector Tray (~1800cm2) made from NaI (Tl) Crystal Pieces
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Group of Seven Detectors for Balloon Flight Observations of GRBs.
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Three Detectors Viewing the Same Direction Detectors Viewing Different
Directions on a Balloon Flight Gondola
Deficiency of Weak GRBs was Observed
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GRO Announcement of Opportunity (AO)
- Proposed Transient Event Monitor (TEM)
- Twelve Detectors (Dodecahedron)
- Partial Selection – 6 Det.
1977-1978
(only on bottom of spacecraft)
(six on top & six on bottom of spacecraft)
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After Approval :
- TEM Name changed to BATSE
- Requested Eight Detectors
(Octahedron - Four on top & bottom)
1979 -1980
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DuringNegotiation
LaterRemoved
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- GRSE Experiment Removed from GRO
- Spectroscopy Detectors added to BATSE,one in each detector module
1981 - 1982
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Gamma-Ray Observatory (GRO)
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1982 -1988
BATSE Detector Development & Balloon Flights
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BATSE LAD NaI Detector Element: 50 cm dia; 2025 cm2
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Preparing Four BATSE LAD NaI Prototype Detectors on a Gondola for Balloon Flight
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BATSE Prototype Balloon-flight Gondola Ready for Launch
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1982 - 1988
BATSE Detector Modules:
BATSE Design, Fabrication, Testing & Calibration at NASA-MSFC
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Integration of Experiments on GRO Spacecraft in California
1989
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1990
Radioactive Source Survey of BATSE on the GRO Spacecraft
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1990
GRO P.I.s at the GRO InstrumentsTRW Facility, Redondo Beach CA
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April 4, 1991
Shuttle launch, STS-37
Gamma-Ray Observatory (GRO)
(Operational: re-named CGRO)
c
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GRO Spacecraft – Still Attached to Shuttle Arm, Just Prior to Deployment
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GRO Spacecraft Drifting Away (Note reflection of Linda Godwin’s hands holding camera)
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STS-37 Flight Crew After GRO Deployment In Orbit
c
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BATSE - Unique
First Large Experiment Designed for GRB Studies:• Full-sky• Large Area
• Good Sensitivity for Epeak of Most GRBs
• Moderate Spectral Capabilities (good enough for most time/spectral correlations and time
resolved spectral studies)
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BATSE (cont.)
• Largest sample (2704 GRBs); full-sky, 9+ years in operation
• Well- characterized, full-sky instrument• Likely will not be exceeded for several
decades• Led to GCN Network
Many Hundreds of Papers Based on BATSE Observations; >60 Ph.D. theses
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1991-2000
A Few Major BATSE GRB Results
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Global properties of GRB Distributions:• Intensity Distribution & Sky Distribution
• Not consistent with any Galactic Distribution, nearby extra-gal objects, incl. large clusters
• Strong Indications that GRBs were at cosmological distances (Although BeppoSAX nailed it)
Comprehensive Temporal/Spectral Studies Two Populations of GRBs Rapid GRB Response: beginning of Bacodine/GCN
- led to breakthrough quick, wide-field observations
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CGRO on Cover of Nature, Jan. 9, 1992
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Diversity of GRB Profiles & Coupled Spectral / Temporal Properties
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Two Distinct subclasses of –ray bursts: short/hard long/soft
Hard Spectra
Softer Spectra
0.3 s 30 s
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Duration of Gamma-ray Bursts (sec)
Hard
ness
Rati
o
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RS - Galactic, Nearby
RD - Galactic, Far away
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Observed Frequency of GRBs
-3/2 Power-law
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Galactic Coordinates
Apr. 1991 – May 2000
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RS - Galactic, Nearby
RD - Galactic, Far away
Observed Distributioni.e. Not Galactic
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End