batterjee medical college. dr. manal el said gram negative bacilli head of medical microbiology...
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Batterjee Medical College
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Batterjee Medical College
Dr. Manal El SaidDr. Manal El Said
Gram Negative Bacilli
Head of Medical Microbiology Department
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Batterjee Medical College
Dr. Manal El SaidDr. Manal El Said Head of Medical Microbiology Department
Pseudomonas
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Batterjee Medical College
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Diseases
•Wound infection
•UTI
•Pneumonia
•Sepsis.
•Nosocomial infections, especially in burn patients
and those with cystic fibrosis.
•Causes endocarditis in intravenous drug users.
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Batterjee Medical College
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Characteristics•Aerobic gram-negative rods.
• Non–lactose-fermenting.
•Pyocyanin (blue-green) pigment production.
•Oxidase-positive
Habitat and Transmission• Habitat is environmental water sources.• Inhabits the skin, upper respiratory
tract & colon.• Transmission is via water aerosols,
aspiration & fecal contamination.
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Batterjee Medical College
Pathogenesis• Endotoxin is responsible for fever and shock associated
with sepsis.
• Produces exotoxin A inactivates EF-2.
• Pili and capsule mediate attachment and inhibit
phagocytosis, respectively.
• Glycocalyx-producing strains predominate in chronic
infections in cystic fibrosis patients.
• Severe burns & neutropenia are predisposing factors
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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Batterjee Medical College
Laboratory Diagnosis
• Gram-stained smear and culture.
• Non–lactose-fermenting colonies on MacConkey's agar. .
• Oxidase-positive.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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Batterjee Medical College
Laboratory Diagnosis• TSI agar shows an alkaline slant and an alkaline butt
because the sugars are not fermented.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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Batterjee Medical College
Treatment
• Antibiotics must be chosen on the basis of antibiotic
sensitivities because resistance is common.
• Anti-pseudomonal penicillin & aminoglycoside are used.
• Resistance is mediated by a variety of plasmid-encoded
enzymes, e.g., β -lactamases & acetylating enzymes.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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Batterjee Medical College
Prevention
• Disinfection of water-related equipment in the hospital
• Handwashing,
• Prompt removal of urinary and intravenous catheters.
• There is no vaccine.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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Batterjee Medical College
•Gram-negative rod resembling P. aeruginosa.
• Important cause of chronic infections in patients
with cystic fibrosis.
Burkholderia cepacia & Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
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Batterjee Medical College
• They are gram-negative coccobacillary rods
• They found in soil & water
• They can be part of normal flora.
• They are opportunistic pathogens that colonize
patients with compromised host defenses.
Acinetobacter
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Batterjee Medical College
Acinetobacter
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Batterjee Medical College
• Acinetobacter baumannii causes disease in a
hospital setting associated with respiratory therapy
equipment & indwelling catheters.
• Sepsis, pneumonia & urinary tract infections are
the most frequent manifestations.
• A baumannii is antibiotic resistant
& some isolates are resistant to all
known antibiotics.
Acinetobacter