battle of gettysburg july 1-3, 1863
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Battle of Gettysburg July 1-3, 1863. 3 events prior to invasion:. Southern command adjustments. Longstreet. A.P. Hill. Ewell. Northern command problems:. McDowell. McClellan. Pope. Burnside. Hooker. Meade. Battle of Brandy Station. J.E.B. Stuart. Role of Cavalry:. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Battle of GettysburgJuly 1-3, 1863
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3 events prior to invasion:
1. Southern command adjustments
Longstreet A.P. Hill Ewell
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Northern command problems:
McDowell McClellan Pope
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Burnside Hooker
Meade
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Battle of Brandy Station
J.E.B. Stuart
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Role of Cavalry:
1. Act as a screen- keep opposing cavalry away from infantry movements
2. Gather intelligence- troop strength/disposition; info on geography
3. Heavy fighting usually done by infantry
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Lee’s Reasons to invade:
1. Take fight into northern areas- let them feel “real” sting of war
2. Respite for farmers in N. Va.- Live off the fat of Md. and Pa. farms
3. Foster support for the anti-war factions in the North
4. Gain international recognition- especially from England/France
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Geography:
South Mountain
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Hills around Gettysburg
Culp’s Hill
Wesley Culp
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Cemetery Hill
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Little Round Top
Big Round Top
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Ridges around Gettysburg:
• Cemetery• Seminary
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Devil’s Den
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Peach Orchard
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The Wheatfield
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Why Gettysburg?
1. Shoes2. Accidental
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July 1st
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John Buford, USA Henry Heth, CSA
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Robert E. Lee, CSA John Reynolds, USA
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• Begins with Heth clashes with Buford outside (west) of Gettysburg
• Lee does not want a full engagement but was not close enough to Gettysburg to prevent it from happening
• Race to get the troops on the field• Morning goes to union, BUT Reynolds is killed• Ewell comes back from the north- pounds
Union forces• Union retreats to Cemetery Hill and Ridge• Belatedly occupies Culp’s Hill
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• Ewell rejects Lee’s “suggestion” to take Culp’s Hill
• Meade decides to stay and fight and not retreat to Big Pipe Creek
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July 2nd
• Morning lull
• Lee and Longstreet at odds on strategy
• Longstreet waits for core to come up, didn’t have all his divisions
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Afternoon, July 2nd
roughly 3 or 4 o’clock
• Ewell to demonstrate in force at Culp’s Hill- does little other than bombard
• Trip hammer blows to hit the Union left
McLaws Hood Wilcox Barksdale
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Fight for Little Round Top
Joshua Chamberlain20th Maine
William C. Oates
15th Alabama
Gouverneur Warren, USA
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Fight for: Devils Den, Peach Orchard and Wheatfield
• Sickles’ dumb move
• Union eventually pushed back to Cemetery Ridge
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Devil’s Den
Peach Orchard
The Wheatfield
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• Ewell belatedly attacks Culp’s Hill at dusk
• Fighting dies down at around 10pm
Ewell
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July 3rd
• Battle for Culp’s Hill restarts at first light• Confederates pushed off after 3hr battle• 1pm- Cavalry battle 3miles from battlefield,
Stuart prevented from getting behind Union lines by David Gregg
• 90 minute Confederate bombardment of Union positions
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George Pickett
Cemetery Ridge, copse of trees
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Lewis Armistead, CSA James Kemper, CSA Richard Garnett, CSA
E. Porter Alexander, CSA Winfield Scott Hancock, USA
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• Pickett’s charge immediately following bombardment
• Approximately 12,000 men charge center of the Union Lines- Angle and Copse of Trees
• Few penetrate, roughly 100, and are quickly overwhelmed
• The rest thrown back with major casualties