battlegrounds shift chapter 6, lesson #3
DESCRIPTION
Fighting in the West Many Natives sided with the British: Fighting took place west of the colonies Native raids on colonists British paid natives for settlers’ scalps George Rogers Clark Virginia militia leader Captured British Forts: Kaskaskia, Cahokia Captured British town of VincennesTRANSCRIPT
Fighting in the WestMany Natives sided with the British:Fighting took place west of the coloniesNative raids on colonistsBritish paid natives for settlers’ scalps
George Rogers ClarkVirginia militia leaderCaptured British Forts:
Kaskaskia, Cahokia
Captured British town of Vincennes
The War at SeaBritain had most powerful Navy:
Used ships to blockade (no ships could leave or enter) ports
American Navy too weak:
Hired 2,000 privateers: privately owned ships with cannons
Capture enemy ships and cargo
John Paul Jones:
US Navy officer and hero: raided British ports
September 1779: Bonhomme Richard vs. Serapis
“I have not yet begun to fight!”
Fought for hours until American victory
Fighting in the SouthBritish realized winning in the north would not be easyChanged focus to South more loyalists
Henry Clinton (British general):1778: Sent 3,500 British troops south:
Took over Savannah, Georgia and rest of state
1780: Attacked Charles Town, South CarolinaTook thousands of prisonersWorst defeat for Americans during war
Clinton went back to NY and left General Charles Cornwallis in charge.Gates sent to face Cornwallis but was defeated in Camden, South Carolina.
Stop1. What Virginia military leader fought British
in the West?2. Define the word: Privateer3. Who was the Captain of the Bonhomme
Richard?4. What British commander took over Georgia
and South Carolina?
Hit and Run Tactics Francis Marion “The Swamp Fox”Used “hit and run” tactics against BritishAmbush British forces from concealed locationsForced British to divide forces (made them easier to attack)Kept the British from taking hold of South Carolina
Swamp Fox
"As for this damned old fox, the Devil himself could not catch him.“
- British Lieutenant Colonel Banastre Tarelton
Spain’s Help Bernardo de GálvezSpanish governor of LouisianaShipped tons of supplies and ammunition up Mississippi riverUsed by George Rogers Clark (help him be victorious)Raised an army to fight the BritishDrove British out of Gulf of Mexico region
American SuccessesBritish moved north through CarolinasThreatened to “hang [patriot] leaders” and “lay waste to country” if colonists did not join British cause.
King’s MountainPatriot militia killed or captured 1,000 loyalist militia soldiers.
Nathanael GreeneReplaced Gate as commander of American forces in SouthDivided forces and achieved victory at Cowpens, SCForced Cornwallis to give up Southern campaign and move north
Nathanael Greene
Cornwallis Retreats Cornwallis Realizes more French troops are arrivingMoves British north to VirginiaWashington sends troops south (led by Lafayette and General Wayne)British take refuge in Yorktown, VA
…stay tuned!