bayt.com middle east consumer confidence index · § consumer confidence is a measure of the...

Bayt.com Middle East Consumer Confidence Index

September 2016

PROJECT BACKGROUNDSection 1

Objectives

§ To understand perceptions and attitudes of consumers in the Middle

East regarding the economy of their countries, their personal financial

and job situation, their likelihood to purchase and invest, and the job

market in general.

Project Background

§ Consumer confidence is a measure of the economic wellbeing of a country.

§ It is a reflection of consumer satisfaction levels and expectations based on various factors

in the economy, i.e. inflation, stock market performance, job opportunities, salary

structures, unemployment, investment avenues and returns, business growth, state

economic policies, infrastructure, cost of living, interest rates, exchange rates…etc.

§ Such consumer satisfaction levels and expectations will have an effect on economic

variables.

§ For example, if consumers are positive about the economy and have disposable income

levels that are perceived as sufficient, they will tend to spend more on consumer goods.

This in turn will drive businesses dependent on consumer spending, thereby creating

further economic growth.

§ On the other hand, a pessimistic view of the economy would cause consumers to rein in

their spending, creating a spending recession which could effectively cause business losses

and economic downturn.

Project Background

§ Similarly, if employable adults are optimistic about job prospects and opportunities, job

security, salary levels, and career growth and development opportunities, it will be

reflected in their attitudes towards work and the economy as a whole, as well as their

spending behaviors.

§ Therefore, the following trends in consumer and employee expectations could help

forecast economic variables.

§ This information is useful for professionals, manufacturers/business owners, recruitment

consultants/agencies, economists, and the general public.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGYSection 2

Sample Definition

Age and Gender:Adult males and femalesAge 18+ years

Nationalities:

GCC Arabs, North Africans, Levant, Western Expats and Asians

Country of Residence

GCC: UAE, KSA, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Bahrain*

Levant: Lebanon, Syria*, Jordan

North Africa: Egypt, Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia

*Small sample size

Data Collection

All data was collected online. Fieldwork was conducted between 3rd August – 31st August, 2016. The total number of respondents achieved was 2,893.

RESEARCH FINDINGSSection 3

Average of Past Indices: April 2007 – October 2012

UAE Saudi Arabia Kuwait Qatar Lebanon Egypt Algeria

Consumer Expectancy Index (CEI) 88.5 89.4 90.7 91.9 103.7 98.2 92.0

Propensity to Consume (PCI) 86.7 83.0 81.4 81.6 109.3 81.0 81.2

Consumer Confidence Index (CCI) 85.0 85.8 86.9 86.9 107.1 89.3 89.6

Employee Confidence Index (ECI) 80.3 84.3 84.5 84.8 99.5 89.1 89.1

Base Period Values – March 2013

Total Saudi Arabia UAE Kuwait Qatar Bahrain Oman Lebanon Syria Jordan Egypt Morocco Algeria Tunisia

Base: 16379 2730 1976 457 509 120 220 506 252 1700 5484 1002 992 431

Current Economic Scenario 81.14 112.91 114.07 102.52 117.49 92.08 115.45 54.15 24.01 51.21 56.35 83.73 111.14 66.36

Expected Economic Scenario 89.19 103.71 112.90 104.74 116.11 101.11 111.36 67.33 43.39 66.41 77.27 93.31 98.49 88.55

Employee Outlook 115.50 131.06 128.61 122.90 140.93 122.96 140.61 101.43 69.21 97.40 102.88 113.26 123.41 111.53

Overall Consumer Confidence 285.83 347.69 355.58 330.16 374.52 316.15 367.43 222.90 136.60 215.02 236.50 290.31 333.04 266.44

Period Values – September 2013


Base: 6585 1097 717 151 183 78 141 210 145 669 1871 426 645 252





Period Values – February 2014


Base: 6585 1097 717 151 183 78 141 210 145 669 1871 426 645 252





Period Values – August 2014


Base: 5075 1090 847 187 230 69 65 158 63 377 1013 330 505 141





Period Values – January 2015


Base: 4263 819 495 135 131 94 107 189 54 234 1061 298 501 145





Period Values – July 2015


Base: 8882 1748 1011 264 255 114 144 231 63 703 2118 733 1135 363





Last Period Values – January 2016


Base: 3,905 660 629 264 161 164 168 175 24 176 585 302 486 111





Current Period Values – August 2016


Base: 2,893 490 279 119 183 40 108 95 23 165 587 245 419 140





Overall Indices


Current Economic Scenario (CES) 88.80 72.03 88.45 80.33 85.12 86.88 75.39 128.30 144.88 113.62 84.66 104.56 56.58 74.81

Expected Economic Scenario (EES) 144.47 130.14 128.46 126.76 120.32 137.64 122.22 168.34 223.81 183.43 152.12 150.91 125.04 131.75

Employee Outlook (ECI) 83.87 72.17 97.42 83.10 75.68 89.28 79.11 81.34 100.47 87.43 80.90 92.41 73.28 81.66

Overall Consumer Confidence (CCI) 104.18 89.41 104.40 96.09 92.48 104.05 91.01 119.02 147.45 123.32 105.07 114.72 83.01 96.60

PERSONAL ECONOMIC SITUATIONSection 3a

Summary

• Overall, less than a fifth (17%) believe that their financial condition is better now than it was 6 months ago. A higher proportion of GCC residents (25%) believe that their financial condition is better now as compared to respondents in Levant and North Africa (13% and 12%, respectively). The main contributors to this difference are Qatar (31%), Oman (31%) and UAE (29%).

• Overall, close to a third expect their financial condition to improve in the next 6 months. This belief is higher in the GCC (43%) as compared to other MENA regions (Levant: 29%, North Africa: 32%). The GCC countries where this view is higher include Qatar (47%), the UAE (46%) and Saudi Arabia (43%). Residents of Egypt seem relatively more pessimistic about their future financial position, with approximately 34% expecting it to get worse.

• Majority of respondents (75%) expect the cost of living to increase in the next 6 months. This is higher in North Africa (81%) and in the Levant (78%) as compared to the GCC (68%). This sentiment is especially high in Egypt (88%), Jordan (86%), Kuwait (83%) and Tunisia (82%).

• More than half (57%) believe that their savings have decreased in comparison to last year, while only 14% believe the opposite. A lower proportion of GCC residents (48%) claim that as compared to Levant and North Africa residents (67% and 62% respectively).

Summary

• About a third of respondents plan to buy at least one vehicle for personal use in the next 12 months. Amongst those planning to purchase a vehicle in the next 12 months, 38% intend to buy a new one, while about the same proportion plan to buy a used one. GCC residents show a preference towards new cars, Levant residents towards used ones, while North Africa residents are roughly split.

• Approximately a quarter of respondents (23%) plan to invest in property in the next 12 months. Respondents from GCC seem more likely to invest in property (30%) as compared to respondents from the Levant (13%) and from North Africa (18%).

Personal Finance – Evaluation of Current Situation

Q. Compared to 6 months ago, my or my family’s current financial position is:

Base: Total (2,893), KSA (490), UAE (279), Kuwait (119), Qatar (183), Bahrain (40*), Oman (108), Lebanon (95), Syria (23*), Jordan (165), Egypt (587), Morocco (245), Algeria (419), Tunisia (140)

• Overall, less than a fifth (17%) believe that their financial condition is better now than it was 6 months ago.• A higher proportion of GCC residents (25%) believe that their financial condition is better now as compared to

respondents in Levant and North Africa (13% and 12%, respectively).• This regional difference is mainly from Qatar (31%), Oman (31%) and UAE (29%).• 1 in 2 Egyptian residents state that their financial condition is worse now as compared to 6 months ago, the highest

amongst any country in the MENA region.

(*)Small base

Q. In comparison to the current period, in the next 6 months I expect my or my family’s financial position to

• Overall, close to a third expect their financial condition to improve in the next 6 months.• This belief is higher in the GCC (43%) as compared to other MENA regions (Levant: 29%, North Africa: 32%). The GCC countries

where this view is higher include Qatar (47%), the UAE (46%) and Saudi Arabia (43%).• Residents in Morocco seem also more optimistic (45%). • Residents of Egypt seem somewhat more pessimistic about their future financial position, with approximately 34% expecting it

to get worse. This is followed by Tunisia (26%) and Kuwait (25%).


(*)Small base

Personal Finance – Expectations for the Future

Cost of Living

Q. In the next 6 months, I expect …

Total Saudi Arabia UAE Kuwait Qatar Bahrain* Oman Lebanon Syria* Jordan Egypt Morocco Algeria Tunisia

Base: 2,893 490 279 119 183 40 108 95 23 165 587 245 419 140

Cost of living to increase 75% 65% 68% 83% 62% 75% 68% 61% 87% 86% 88% 66% 79% 82%

Cost of living to remain the same 15% 22% 16% 8% 22% 15% 22% 32% 9% 10% 5% 22% 11% 9%

Cost of living to decrease 4% 6% 8% 3% 7% 5% 2% 3% 4% 1% 3% 3% 3% 4%

Don’t know can’t say 7% 8% 8% 6% 8% 5% 8% 4% - 4% 4% 9% 8% 5%

• Majority of respondents (75%) expect the cost of living to increase in the next 6 months.• This is higher in North Africa (81%) and in the Levant (78%) as compared to GCC (68%).• This sentiment is especially high in Egypt (88%), Jordan (86%), Kuwait (83%) and Tunisia (82%).

(*)Small base

Change in Savings

Q. In comparison to last year, my savings have


Base: 2,893 490 279 119 183 40 108 95 23 165 587 245 419 140

Increased 14% 16% 16% 20% 21% 15% 18% 14% 9% 8% 11% 14% 13% 10%

Remained the same 25% 25% 30% 26% 38% 25% 34% 24% 9% 22% 19% 24% 21% 26%

Decreased 57% 55% 46% 47% 36% 53% 45% 61% 83% 68% 67% 53% 61% 60%

Don’t know/Can’t say 5% 4% 8% 7% 5% 8% 3% 1% - 2% 3% 8% 5% 4%

• More than half (57%) believe that their savings have decreased in comparison to last year, while only 14% believe the opposite.

• A lower proportion of GCC residents (48%) claim that their savings have decreased as compared to Levant and North Africa residents (67% and 62% respectively).

• A higher percentage of residents in Jordan (68%) and Egypt (67%) believe that their savings have decreased.

(*)Small base

Investment in Vehicle

Q. Do you plan to buy at least one vehicle for personal use in the next 12 months? Q. Which of the following types of vehicle would it be?


Base: 2,893 490 279 119 183 40 108 95 23 165 587 245 419 140

Yes 32% 38% 37% 37% 34% 40% 35% 34% 22% 35% 25% 26% 28% 28%

No 55% 51% 48% 50% 48% 53% 51% 60% 70% 57% 62% 58% 57% 60%

Don’t know/Can’t Say 13% 11% 15% 13% 18% 8% 14% 6% 9% 8% 13% 17% 14% 12%

Type of Vehicle

Base(Plan to buy): 913 187 103 44(*) 62 16(*) 38(*) 32(*) 5 57 148 63 119 39

New 38% 45% 44% 55% 39% 44% 39% 41% - 21% 38% 29% 34% 31%

Used 37% 34% 35% 32% 39% 13% 37% 38% 60% 63% 39% 30% 35% 36%

Combination of new and used 17% 13% 18% 9% 18% 31% 5% 16% - 9% 15% 30% 23% 23%

Don't know/Can't say 8% 8% 3% 5% 5% 13% 18% 6% 40% 7% 9% 11% 8% 10%

• About a third of respondents plan to buy at least one vehicle for personal use in the next 12 months.• Amongst those planning to purchase a vehicle in the next 12 months, 38% intend to buy a new one, while about the

same proportion plan to buy a used one.• GCC residents show a preference towards new cars, Levant residents towards used ones, while North Africa residents

are roughly split.

(*)Small base

Investment in Property

All figures are %’s

Q. Do you plan to invest in property within the next 12 months?


Base: 2,893 490 279 119 183 40 108 95 23 165 587 245 419 140

Yes 23% 29% 32% 34% 34% 25% 25% 14% 13% 13% 18% 17% 21% 12%

No 60% 54% 51% 50% 48% 65% 48% 78% 78% 71% 66% 59% 62% 70%

Don’t know/Can’t Say 17% 17% 17% 17% 18% 10% 27% 8% 9% 16% 16% 24% 17% 18%

• Approximately a quarter of respondents (23%) plan to invest in property in the next 12 months.• Respondents from GCC seem more likely to invest in property (30%) as compared to respondents from the Levant (13%)

and from North Africa (18%).• Lebanon residents are the least likely to invest in property.

Investment in Property – Type of Property

Q. What type of property are you planning to invest in?Q. Which of the following types of property would it be?

Total Saudi Arabia UAE Kuwait * Qatar Bahrain * Oman* Lebanon* Syria* Jordan * Egypt Morocco * Algeria Tunisia*

Kind of Property

Base (Plan to buy): 665 141 90 40 63 10 27 13 3 22 107 42 90 17

Apartment 48% 35% 51% 50% 38% 40% 37% 54% 33% 55% 67% 55% 47% 53%

Villa/ townhouse/ bungalow 26% 31% 21% 35% 35% 20% 44% 31% 33% 9% 18% 14% 29% 12%

Commercial property (office/ shop etc.) 22% 35% 17% 10% 16% 30% 7% 15% 33% 23% 15% 24% 27% 35%

Other 11% 8% 17% 10% 11% 10% 15% 15% - 14% 7% 10% 11% 12%

Status of Property

Base (Plan to buy): 665 141 90 40 63 10 27 13 3 22 107 42 90 17

New 49% 56% 39% 50% 56% 70% 56% 46% 33% 45% 51% 43% 40% 65%

Pre-owned 20% 15% 27% 8% 19% 10% 19% 38% 33% 32% 17% 19% 27% 12%

Combination of new and pre-owned 19% 17% 24% 23% 21% 10% 7% 15% - 9% 25% 17% 21% -

Don't know/Can't say 12% 12% 10% 20% 5% 10% 19% - 33% 14% 7% 21% 12% 24%

(*)Small base

Consumer Goods

Q. Lastly, could you please tell us which of the following are you planning to invest in within the next 6 months?(Please tick all that apply)


Base 2,893 490 279 119 183 40 108 95 23 165 587 245 419 140

Tablet or Smartphone 20% 20% 27% 23% 26% 18% 26% 19% 9% 18% 16% 27% 17% 20%

Desktop or Laptop 18% 19% 24% 22% 22% 20% 21% 20% 30% 14% 13% 15% 20% 19%

Furniture 18% 20% 18% 14% 17% 18% 24% 13% 9% 16% 14% 18% 24% 16%

Air Conditioner 13% 15% 10% 8% 11% 8% 14% 15% 4% 12% 15% 6% 18% 12%

LCD or Plasma Television 11% 11% 12% 7% 9% 18% 14% 8% - 9% 9% 10% 14% 11%

Refrigerator 9% 8% 10% 8% 5% 3% 13% 9% - 6% 5% 13% 13% 9%

Washing Machine 8% 9% 9% 9% 9% 8% 12% 7% - 7% 4% 9% 12% 9%

Digital Camera 6% 4% 10% 10% 10% 3% 9% 3% 4% 4% 3% 7% 7% 5%

Cooking Range 6% 6% 9% 4% 8% 3% 6% 2% 4% 6% 3% 6% 8% 3%

Vacuum Cleaner 4% 4% 5% 7% 3% 5% 7% 3% 4% 6% 4% 3% 3% 1%

Clothes Dryer 4% 6% 6% 3% 3% 5% 5% 5% - 2% 2% 2% 3% 2%

Normal or Digital Camcorder 3% 3% 5% 3% 3% - 5% 3% - 1% 3% 5% 5% 1%

Normal Color Television 3% 3% 5% 3% 5% 3% 3% 3% - 1% 1% 5% 4% 2%

Home Theatre System 3% 4% 8% 5% 7% 3% 3% 1% - 2% 2% 1% 1% 1%

DVD or VCD Recorder or Player 2% 3% 3% 4% 3% 3% 2% 2% - 2% 2% 1% 2% 1%

Other 10% 10% 9% 8% 6% 3% 13% 8% 17% 13% 11% 11% 10% 7%

(*)Small base

NATIONAL ECONOMIC SITUATIONSection 3b

Summary

• 1 in 2 respondents believe that their country’s economy has become worse compared to 6 months earlier, while only 15% believe the opposite. Those from North Africa and the Levant are more negative about their country’s economy, with 61% and 56% respectively stating that it has receded.

• 30% of respondents expect the economy in their country of residence to improve in the next 6 months, while another approximate third expect the opposite. Those living in the GCC and especially UAE are more optimistic about their country’s future economy (GCC: 42%, UAE: 50%) as compared to those living in the Levant (11%) and in North Africa (23%).

• Only 6% believe that the present business conditions are very good, while 15% think that the business conditions are good. A higher proportion of respondents from GCC are positive about the current business conditions (very good/ good: 31%) in comparison to respondents from the Levant (very good/ good: 11%) and North Africa (very good/ good: 12%). Residents in Lebanon (bad/ very bad: 57%) and Egypt (bad/ very bad: 56%) seem more pessimistic.

• Overall, 43% of MENA residents expect the business conditions to get better within the next year. GCC residents and especially those living in the UAE (65%) and in Qatar (60%), are more optimistic about the future business conditions in their country of residence (GCC: 55%, Levant 22% , North Africa: 32%).

Summary

• 41% believe that there are few jobs available across few industries, while a quarter state that there are few jobs available across various industries.

• Generally, respondents seem somewhat negative about the future availability of jobs in their country with 35% of them expecting the number of jobs available in the next 6 months to decrease. This belief is higher amongst Levant and North Africa residents (44% and 39% respectively).

National Economy – Evaluation of Current Scenario

Q. Compared to 6 months earlier, my country’s economy has

• 1 in 2 respondents believe that their country’s economy has become worse compared to 6 months earlier, while only 15% believe the opposite.

• Those from North Africa and the Levant are more negative about their country’s economy, with 61% and 56% respectively stating that it has receded.

• A higher proportion of respondents from Egypt (73%) and Tunisia (71%) believe that their country’s economy has become worse.

(*)Small base


National Economy – Expectations for the Future

Q. In comparison to the current period, in the next 6 months I expect my country’s economy to

• 30% of respondents expect the economy in their country of residence to improve in the next 6 months, while another approximate third expect the opposite.

• Those living in the GCC and especially UAE are more optimistic about their country’s future economy (GCC: 42%, UAE:50%) as compared to those living in the Levant (11%) and in North Africa (23%).

(*)Small base


Present Business Conditions

Q. Overall, presently business conditions in my country of residence are…

• Only 6% believe that the present business conditions are very good, while 15% think that the business conditions are good.

• A higher proportion of respondents from GCC are positive about the current business conditions (very good/ good: 31%) in comparison to respondents from the Levant (very good/ good: 11%) and North Africa (very good/ good: 12%).

• Residents in Lebanon (bad/ very bad: 57%) and Egypt (bad/ very bad: 56%) seem more pessimistic.

Base: Those employed (1,809), KSA (335), UAE (220), Kuwait (100), Qatar (156), Bahrain (23*), Oman (69), Lebanon (65), Syria (16*), Jordan (80), Egypt (378), Morocco (67), Algeria (230), Tunisia (70)

(*)Small base

Expectations for Future Business Conditions

(*)Small base

Q. In a year’s time, I expect the business conditions to:

• Overall, 43% of MENA residents expect the business conditions to get better within the next year.• GCC residents and especially those living in the UAE (65%) and in Qatar (60%), are more optimistic about the future

business conditions in their country of residence (GCC: 55%, Levant 22% , North Africa: 32%).


Current Availability of Jobs

(*)Small base

Q. Which of the following best describes your opinion on the current availability of jobs in your country of residence:


Base 2,893 490 279 119 183 40 108 95 23 165 587 245 419 140

There are few jobs available across few

industries41% 34% 25% 32% 33% 45% 32% 53% 78% 49% 47% 39% 49% 56%

There are few jobs available across

various industries25% 27% 25% 30% 25% 30% 26% 26% 4% 28% 21% 28% 23% 24%

There are plenty of jobs available but

across a few industries only

13% 16% 15% 10% 14% 10% 18% 4% - 8% 15% 14% 11% 9%

There are plenty of jobs available across

various industries10% 12% 21% 18% 15% 5% 9% 6% 13% 4% 6% 10% 6% 4%

Don’t know/ Can’t say 11% 11% 14% 9% 13% 10% 15% 11% 4% 12% 11% 9% 10% 6%

• 41% believe that there are few jobs available across few industries, while a quarter state that there are few jobs available across various industries.

Future Availability of Jobs

Q. In the next 6 months, the number of jobs available in my country will….


Base: 2,893 490 279 119 183 40 108 95 23 165 587 245 419 140

Increase 21% 28% 37% 25% 32% 20% 19% 8% 22% 10% 17% 21% 12% 10%

Remain the same 30% 25% 32% 25% 23% 20% 30% 31% 26% 38% 28% 40% 32% 37%

Decrease 35% 33% 16% 36% 30% 33% 35% 49% 35% 42% 41% 26% 42% 41%

Don’t know/Can’t say 14% 14% 16% 13% 16% 28% 17% 12% 17% 10% 14% 13% 15% 12%

• Generally, respondents seem somewhat negative about the future availability of jobs in their country with 35% of them expecting the number of jobs available in the next 6 months to decrease.

• This belief is higher amongst Levant and North Africa residents (44% and 39% respectively).• Levant residents seem more pessimistic about the future availability of jobs, with 1 in 2 stating that the number of jobs

will decrease.

(*)Small base

CURRENT JOB SATISFACTIONSection 3c

Summary

• 41% of respondents state that the number of employees in their company has decreased in comparison to 6 months ago, while 23% believe that it has increased. A higher proportion of GCC residents (27%) claim that this number has increased as compared to Levant (17%) and North Africa (18%). This is mainly due to UAE (36%).

• 29% of respondents expect the number of employees in their company to decrease in the next 6 months, while about the same proportion (27%) expect the opposite. GCC residents seem more positive (34%) in comparison to Levant and North Africa residents (both at 19%). Those living in the UAE (47%) are the most positive.

• 39% claim that they are satisfied with the career growth opportunities in their current job, while the same proportion state the opposite. Jordan residents seem the least satisfied in this aspect.

• Close to half of employed respondents are dissatisfied with their current compensation (49%). Dissatisfaction levels tend to be higher amongst residents of Levant and North Africa (59% and 57% respectively vs. 39% in GCC). Respondents in Jordan (66%) are the most unhappy about the compensation given in their current jobs.

Summary

• 40% of respondents are dissatisfied with the non-monetary benefits they receive at their current job, while about the same proportion claim to be satisfied in this aspect. GCC residents present higher satisfaction levels (48%) in comparison to the Levant (36%) and North Africa (37%).

• 43% are not satisfied with the job security in their current organization, while 39% claim to be satisfied. Satisfaction with job security is somewhat lower in Levant.

Change in Number of Employees

Q. In comparison to 6 months ago, the number of employees in the organization where I work has:

• 41% of respondents state that the number of employees in their company has decreased in comparison to 6 months ago, while 23% believe that it has increased.

• A higher proportion of GCC residents (27%) claim that this number has increased as compared to Levant (17%) and North Africa (18%).

• This is mainly due to UAE (36%).


(*)Small base

Expected Change in Number of Employees

Q. In the next 6 months, I expect the number of employees in my organization to:

• 29% of respondents expect the number of employees in their company to decrease in the next 6 months, while about the same proportion (27%) expect the opposite.

• GCC residents seem more positive (34%) in comparison to Levant and North Africa residents (both at 19%).• Those living in the UAE (47%) are the most positive.


(*)Small base

Satisfaction Levels: Career Growth Opportunities

Q. On an overall level, how satisfied are you with the following attributes related to your job?

• 39% claim that they are satisfied with the career growth opportunities in their current job, while the same proportion state the opposite.

• Jordan residents seem the least satisfied in this aspect.


(*)Small base

Satisfaction Levels: Current Compensation (Salary & Allowances)


• Close to half of employed respondents are dissatisfied with their current compensation (49%). • Dissatisfaction levels tend to be higher amongst residents of Levant and North Africa (59% and 57% respectively vs. 39% in

GCC).• Respondents in Jordan (66%) are the most unhappy about the compensation given in their current jobs.


(*)Small base

Satisfaction Levels: Non-monetary Benefits


• 40% respondents are dissatisfied with the non-monetary benefits they receive at their current job, while about the same proportion claim to be satisfied in this aspect.

• Higher satisfaction levels in the GCC (48%) in comparison to the Levant (36%) and North Africa (37%). • Morocco residents seem to be the least satisfied.


(*)Small base

Satisfaction Levels: Job Security


• 43% are not satisfied with the job security in their current organization, while 39% claim to be satisfied.• Satisfaction with job security is somewhat lower in Levant.


(*)Small base

DEMOGRAPHICSSection 4

Respondent Profile 1/4 – Personal

Base: Total (2,893)


Respondent Profile 2/4 – Personal


Base: Those Married/Divorced/Separated/ Widowed (1,404)

Base: Total (2,893)

Respondent Profile 3/4 – Professional

Base: Total (2,893)


Base: Those employed (1,809)

Respondent Profile 4/4 – Professional


Base: Those employed (1,809)

Thank You

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