bbn--ang--141 foundations of phonology phonetics 1: consonants

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BBN–ANG–141 Foundations of phonology Phonetics 1: Consonants Péter Szigetvári Dept of English Linguistics, Eötvös Loránd University 11 February 2009 szp (delg) intro phono 1/consonants 11 Feb 2009 1 / 16

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Page 1: BBN--ANG--141 Foundations of phonology Phonetics 1: Consonants

BBN–ANG–141 Foundations of phonology

Phonetics 1: Consonants

Péter Szigetvári

Dept of English Linguistics, Eötvös Loránd University

11 February 2009

szp (delg) intro phono 1/consonants 11 Feb 2009 1 / 16

Page 2: BBN--ANG--141 Foundations of phonology Phonetics 1: Consonants

outline

branches of phonetics

articulatory properties of consonantsplace of articulationmanner of articulationphonation typeairstream mechanism

multiple articulatory gestures

IPA symbol charts

sample exam questions

szp (delg) intro phono 1/consonants 11 Feb 2009 2 / 16

Page 3: BBN--ANG--141 Foundations of phonology Phonetics 1: Consonants

branches of phonetics

physical properties of sounds

the study of the physical properties of speech sounds(a.k.a. phonetics) has three branches

szp (delg) intro phono 1/consonants 11 Feb 2009 3 / 16

Page 4: BBN--ANG--141 Foundations of phonology Phonetics 1: Consonants

branches of phonetics

physical properties of sounds

the study of the physical properties of speech sounds(a.k.a. phonetics) has three branches

◮ articulatory (what to put where and how to get the given sound)

szp (delg) intro phono 1/consonants 11 Feb 2009 3 / 16

Page 5: BBN--ANG--141 Foundations of phonology Phonetics 1: Consonants

branches of phonetics

physical properties of sounds

the study of the physical properties of speech sounds(a.k.a. phonetics) has three branches

◮ articulatory (what to put where and how to get the given sound)

◮ acoustic (the properties of the sound waves of the given sound)

szp (delg) intro phono 1/consonants 11 Feb 2009 3 / 16

Page 6: BBN--ANG--141 Foundations of phonology Phonetics 1: Consonants

branches of phonetics

physical properties of sounds

the study of the physical properties of speech sounds(a.k.a. phonetics) has three branches

◮ articulatory (what to put where and how to get the given sound)

◮ acoustic (the properties of the sound waves of the given sound)

◮ auditory (how the brain processes the acoustic signals the ear receives)

szp (delg) intro phono 1/consonants 11 Feb 2009 3 / 16

Page 7: BBN--ANG--141 Foundations of phonology Phonetics 1: Consonants

branches of phonetics

physical properties of sounds

the study of the physical properties of speech sounds(a.k.a. phonetics) has three branches

◮ articulatory (what to put where and how to get the given sound)

◮ acoustic (the properties of the sound waves of the given sound)

◮ auditory (how the brain processes the acoustic signals the ear receives)

articulatory properties of speech sounds

is what we will be concerned with this week and next

szp (delg) intro phono 1/consonants 11 Feb 2009 3 / 16

Page 8: BBN--ANG--141 Foundations of phonology Phonetics 1: Consonants

branches of phonetics

physical properties of sounds

the study of the physical properties of speech sounds(a.k.a. phonetics) has three branches

◮ articulatory (what to put where and how to get the given sound)

◮ acoustic (the properties of the sound waves of the given sound)

◮ auditory (how the brain processes the acoustic signals the ear receives)

articulatory properties of speech sounds

is what we will be concerned with this week and next

acoustic properties of speech sounds

will be discussed on 18 March

szp (delg) intro phono 1/consonants 11 Feb 2009 3 / 16

Page 9: BBN--ANG--141 Foundations of phonology Phonetics 1: Consonants

branches of phonetics

physical properties of sounds

the study of the physical properties of speech sounds(a.k.a. phonetics) has three branches

◮ articulatory (what to put where and how to get the given sound)

◮ acoustic (the properties of the sound waves of the given sound)

◮ auditory (how the brain processes the acoustic signals the ear receives)

articulatory properties of speech sounds

is what we will be concerned with this week and next

acoustic properties of speech sounds

will be discussed on 18 March

auditory properties of speech sounds

will not be discussed in this course

szp (delg) intro phono 1/consonants 11 Feb 2009 3 / 16

Page 10: BBN--ANG--141 Foundations of phonology Phonetics 1: Consonants

articulatory properties of consonants

articulatory properties of consonants

place of articulation (POA)

the location within the vocal tract where the most significant constrictionoccurs

szp (delg) intro phono 1/consonants 11 Feb 2009 4 / 16

Page 11: BBN--ANG--141 Foundations of phonology Phonetics 1: Consonants

articulatory properties of consonants

articulatory properties of consonants

place of articulation (POA)

the location within the vocal tract where the most significant constrictionoccurs

manner of articulation

the type of constriction that occurs

szp (delg) intro phono 1/consonants 11 Feb 2009 4 / 16

Page 12: BBN--ANG--141 Foundations of phonology Phonetics 1: Consonants

articulatory properties of consonants

articulatory properties of consonants

place of articulation (POA)

the location within the vocal tract where the most significant constrictionoccurs

manner of articulation

the type of constriction that occurs

phonation type

the configuration of the larynx (the glottis)

szp (delg) intro phono 1/consonants 11 Feb 2009 4 / 16

Page 13: BBN--ANG--141 Foundations of phonology Phonetics 1: Consonants

articulatory properties of consonants

articulatory properties of consonants

place of articulation (POA)

the location within the vocal tract where the most significant constrictionoccurs

manner of articulation

the type of constriction that occurs

phonation type

the configuration of the larynx (the glottis)

airstream mechanism

the initiator and the direction of the airstream

szp (delg) intro phono 1/consonants 11 Feb 2009 4 / 16

Page 14: BBN--ANG--141 Foundations of phonology Phonetics 1: Consonants

articulatory properties of consonants place of articulation

place of articulation

articulatorspassive

2 lips/labial

3 teeth/dental

4 upper alveolarridge/alveolar

5 —/post-alveolar

6 —/pre-palatal

7 palate/palatal

8 soft palate orvelum/velar

9 uvula/uvular

10 pharynx/pharyngeal

active

11 glottis/glottal

12 epiglottis/epiglottal

13 tongue root/radical

14 back of tongue body/postero-dorsal

15 front of tonguebody/antero-dorsal

16 tongue blade/laminal

17 tongue tip/apical

18 —/sub-apical

szp (delg) intro phono 1/consonants 11 Feb 2009 5 / 16

Page 15: BBN--ANG--141 Foundations of phonology Phonetics 1: Consonants

articulatory properties of consonants place of articulation

places of articulation

2◮2 bilabial (p)2◮3 labiodental (f)

16◮2 linguo-labial16◮3 interdental (AmE th T)17◮3 apical dental (BrE th T)

16◮3/4 (laminal) denti-alveolar17◮4 apical alveolar (t)16◮4 laminal alveolar17◮5 apical retroflex16◮5 (laminal) palato-alveolar

18◮6/7 sub-apical (retroflex)15◮6/7 palatal (Hung. ty c)

14◮8 velar (k)14◮9 uvular (q)

13◮10 pharyngeal12◮10 epiglottal

11 glottal (P)

szp (delg) intro phono 1/consonants 11 Feb 2009 6 / 16

Page 16: BBN--ANG--141 Foundations of phonology Phonetics 1: Consonants

articulatory properties of consonants manner of articulation

manner of articulation

primarily denotes the degree of constriction

szp (delg) intro phono 1/consonants 11 Feb 2009 7 / 16

Page 17: BBN--ANG--141 Foundations of phonology Phonetics 1: Consonants

articulatory properties of consonants manner of articulation

manner of articulation

primarily denotes the degree of constriction

◮ complete: stop (p t c k m n ñ N)

szp (delg) intro phono 1/consonants 11 Feb 2009 7 / 16

Page 18: BBN--ANG--141 Foundations of phonology Phonetics 1: Consonants

articulatory properties of consonants manner of articulation

manner of articulation

primarily denotes the degree of constriction

◮ complete: stop (p t c k m n ñ N)

◮ almost complete, the gap is so narrow that turbulent airflow isproduced: fricative

szp (delg) intro phono 1/consonants 11 Feb 2009 7 / 16

Page 19: BBN--ANG--141 Foundations of phonology Phonetics 1: Consonants

articulatory properties of consonants manner of articulation

manner of articulation

primarily denotes the degree of constriction

◮ complete: stop (p t c k m n ñ N)

◮ almost complete, the gap is so narrow that turbulent airflow isproduced: fricative; there are two types

szp (delg) intro phono 1/consonants 11 Feb 2009 7 / 16

Page 20: BBN--ANG--141 Foundations of phonology Phonetics 1: Consonants

articulatory properties of consonants manner of articulation

manner of articulation

primarily denotes the degree of constriction

◮ complete: stop (p t c k m n ñ N)

◮ almost complete, the gap is so narrow that turbulent airflow isproduced: fricative; there are two types

◮ sibilant (s z S Z)

szp (delg) intro phono 1/consonants 11 Feb 2009 7 / 16

Page 21: BBN--ANG--141 Foundations of phonology Phonetics 1: Consonants

articulatory properties of consonants manner of articulation

manner of articulation

primarily denotes the degree of constriction

◮ complete: stop (p t c k m n ñ N)

◮ almost complete, the gap is so narrow that turbulent airflow isproduced: fricative; there are two types

◮ sibilant (s z S Z)◮ nonsibilant (f v T D ç J x G)

szp (delg) intro phono 1/consonants 11 Feb 2009 7 / 16

Page 22: BBN--ANG--141 Foundations of phonology Phonetics 1: Consonants

articulatory properties of consonants manner of articulation

manner of articulation

primarily denotes the degree of constriction

◮ complete: stop (p t c k m n ñ N)

◮ almost complete, the gap is so narrow that turbulent airflow isproduced: fricative; there are two types

◮ sibilant (s z S Z)◮ nonsibilant (f v T D ç J x G)

◮ almost none, the gap is so wide that there is no turbulence:approximant (w V 4 j)

szp (delg) intro phono 1/consonants 11 Feb 2009 7 / 16

Page 23: BBN--ANG--141 Foundations of phonology Phonetics 1: Consonants

articulatory properties of consonants manner of articulation

manner of articulation

primarily denotes the degree of constriction

◮ complete: stop (p t c k m n ñ N)

◮ almost complete, the gap is so narrow that turbulent airflow isproduced: fricative; there are two types

◮ sibilant (s z S Z)◮ nonsibilant (f v T D ç J x G)

◮ almost none, the gap is so wide that there is no turbulence:approximant (w V 4 j)

◮ none: vowel (which we will look at next week)

szp (delg) intro phono 1/consonants 11 Feb 2009 7 / 16

Page 24: BBN--ANG--141 Foundations of phonology Phonetics 1: Consonants

articulatory properties of consonants manner of articulation

manner of articulation

the following also belong here

szp (delg) intro phono 1/consonants 11 Feb 2009 8 / 16

Page 25: BBN--ANG--141 Foundations of phonology Phonetics 1: Consonants

articulatory properties of consonants manner of articulation

manner of articulation

the following also belong here

◮ lateral: more constriction in the central area, more air escapes at thesides (fricative: ì Ð; approximant: l)

szp (delg) intro phono 1/consonants 11 Feb 2009 8 / 16

Page 26: BBN--ANG--141 Foundations of phonology Phonetics 1: Consonants

articulatory properties of consonants manner of articulation

manner of articulation

the following also belong here

◮ lateral: more constriction in the central area, more air escapes at thesides (fricative: ì Ð; approximant: l)

◮ rhotic (r-sounds): trill (r), tap/flap (R), approximant rhotic (ô õ),fricative rhotic (K)

szp (delg) intro phono 1/consonants 11 Feb 2009 8 / 16

Page 27: BBN--ANG--141 Foundations of phonology Phonetics 1: Consonants

articulatory properties of consonants manner of articulation

manner of articulation

the following also belong here

◮ lateral: more constriction in the central area, more air escapes at thesides (fricative: ì Ð; approximant: l)

◮ rhotic (r-sounds): trill (r), tap/flap (R), approximant rhotic (ô õ),fricative rhotic (K)

◮ nasal: velum is lowered, allowing air to flow through the nasal tract(as well) (stop: m n ñ N; vowel: A)

szp (delg) intro phono 1/consonants 11 Feb 2009 8 / 16

Page 28: BBN--ANG--141 Foundations of phonology Phonetics 1: Consonants

articulatory properties of consonants manner of articulation

manner of articulation

two major manner categories

szp (delg) intro phono 1/consonants 11 Feb 2009 9 / 16

Page 29: BBN--ANG--141 Foundations of phonology Phonetics 1: Consonants

articulatory properties of consonants manner of articulation

manner of articulation

two major manner categories

◮ vowel vs. consonant: actual syllable peak vs. actual syllable edge(u“

uu“

= wuw, i“ii“

= jij), but the terminology is inconsistent, sincesyllabic consonants are not called vowels (nn

"n)

szp (delg) intro phono 1/consonants 11 Feb 2009 9 / 16

Page 30: BBN--ANG--141 Foundations of phonology Phonetics 1: Consonants

articulatory properties of consonants manner of articulation

manner of articulation

two major manner categories

◮ vowel vs. consonant: actual syllable peak vs. actual syllable edge(u“

uu“

= wuw, i“ii“

= jij), but the terminology is inconsistent, sincesyllabic consonants are not called vowels (nn

"n)

◮ sonorant vs. obstruent: potential syllable peak vs. impossiblesyllable peak

szp (delg) intro phono 1/consonants 11 Feb 2009 9 / 16

Page 31: BBN--ANG--141 Foundations of phonology Phonetics 1: Consonants

articulatory properties of consonants manner of articulation

manner of articulation

two major manner categories

◮ vowel vs. consonant: actual syllable peak vs. actual syllable edge(u“

uu“

= wuw, i“ii“

= jij), but the terminology is inconsistent, sincesyllabic consonants are not called vowels (nn

"n)

◮ sonorant vs. obstruent: potential syllable peak vs. impossiblesyllable peak

◮ sonorants: vowels, approximants, rhotics, nasal stops

szp (delg) intro phono 1/consonants 11 Feb 2009 9 / 16

Page 32: BBN--ANG--141 Foundations of phonology Phonetics 1: Consonants

articulatory properties of consonants manner of articulation

manner of articulation

two major manner categories

◮ vowel vs. consonant: actual syllable peak vs. actual syllable edge(u“

uu“

= wuw, i“ii“

= jij), but the terminology is inconsistent, sincesyllabic consonants are not called vowels (nn

"n)

◮ sonorant vs. obstruent: potential syllable peak vs. impossiblesyllable peak

◮ sonorants: vowels, approximants, rhotics, nasal stops◮ obstruents: nonnasal stops, fricatives

szp (delg) intro phono 1/consonants 11 Feb 2009 9 / 16

Page 33: BBN--ANG--141 Foundations of phonology Phonetics 1: Consonants

articulatory properties of consonants manner of articulation

manner of articulation

two major manner categories

◮ vowel vs. consonant: actual syllable peak vs. actual syllable edge(u“

uu“

= wuw, i“ii“

= jij), but the terminology is inconsistent, sincesyllabic consonants are not called vowels (nn

"n)

◮ sonorant vs. obstruent: potential syllable peak vs. impossiblesyllable peak

◮ sonorants: vowels, approximants, rhotics, nasal stops◮ obstruents: nonnasal stops, fricatives

n.b. in many languages (e.g., English and Hungarian) obstruentscome in voiceless/voiced pairs, while sonorants are usually all voiced

szp (delg) intro phono 1/consonants 11 Feb 2009 9 / 16

Page 34: BBN--ANG--141 Foundations of phonology Phonetics 1: Consonants

articulatory properties of consonants phonation type

phonation type

states of the glottis

szp (delg) intro phono 1/consonants 11 Feb 2009 10 / 16

Page 35: BBN--ANG--141 Foundations of phonology Phonetics 1: Consonants

articulatory properties of consonants phonation type

phonation type

states of the glottis

A glottal stop: vocal folds held together (P)

szp (delg) intro phono 1/consonants 11 Feb 2009 10 / 16

Page 36: BBN--ANG--141 Foundations of phonology Phonetics 1: Consonants

articulatory properties of consonants phonation type

phonation type

states of the glottis

A glottal stop: vocal folds held together (P)

B creaky voice/laryngealization: vocal folds vibrating, arytenoidspressed together, low rate of airflow (b

˜m˜

A˜)

szp (delg) intro phono 1/consonants 11 Feb 2009 10 / 16

Page 37: BBN--ANG--141 Foundations of phonology Phonetics 1: Consonants

articulatory properties of consonants phonation type

phonation type

states of the glottis

A glottal stop: vocal folds held together (P)

B creaky voice/laryngealization: vocal folds vibrating, arytenoidspressed together, low rate of airflow (b

˜m˜

A˜)

C modal voice: vocal folds vibrate (b m A)

szp (delg) intro phono 1/consonants 11 Feb 2009 10 / 16

Page 38: BBN--ANG--141 Foundations of phonology Phonetics 1: Consonants

articulatory properties of consonants phonation type

phonation type

states of the glottis

A glottal stop: vocal folds held together (P)

B creaky voice/laryngealization: vocal folds vibrating, arytenoidspressed together, low rate of airflow (b

˜m˜

A˜)

C modal voice: vocal folds vibrate (b m A)

D breathy voice/murmur: arytenoids apart, vocal folds vibrate withoutcontact, high rate of airflow (b

¨/bH A

¨)

szp (delg) intro phono 1/consonants 11 Feb 2009 10 / 16

Page 39: BBN--ANG--141 Foundations of phonology Phonetics 1: Consonants

articulatory properties of consonants phonation type

phonation type

states of the glottis

A glottal stop: vocal folds held together (P)

B creaky voice/laryngealization: vocal folds vibrating, arytenoidspressed together, low rate of airflow (b

˜m˜

A˜)

C modal voice: vocal folds vibrate (b m A)

D breathy voice/murmur: arytenoids apart, vocal folds vibrate withoutcontact, high rate of airflow (b

¨/bH A

¨)

E voiceless: vocal folds do not vibrate, arytenoids apart (p m˚

A˚)

szp (delg) intro phono 1/consonants 11 Feb 2009 10 / 16

Page 40: BBN--ANG--141 Foundations of phonology Phonetics 1: Consonants

articulatory properties of consonants phonation type

phonation type

states of the glottis

A glottal stop: vocal folds held together (P)

B creaky voice/laryngealization: vocal folds vibrating, arytenoidspressed together, low rate of airflow (b

˜m˜

A˜)

C modal voice: vocal folds vibrate (b m A)

D breathy voice/murmur: arytenoids apart, vocal folds vibrate withoutcontact, high rate of airflow (b

¨/bH A

¨)

E voiceless: vocal folds do not vibrate, arytenoids apart (p m˚

A˚)

F aspirated: arytenoids further apart than for voiceless (ph h)

szp (delg) intro phono 1/consonants 11 Feb 2009 10 / 16

Page 41: BBN--ANG--141 Foundations of phonology Phonetics 1: Consonants

articulatory properties of consonants airstream mechanism

airstream mechanism

pulmonic airstream

only egressive (lung air pushed out under the control of the respiratorymuscles): (ex)plosive (p t k)

szp (delg) intro phono 1/consonants 11 Feb 2009 11 / 16

Page 42: BBN--ANG--141 Foundations of phonology Phonetics 1: Consonants

articulatory properties of consonants airstream mechanism

airstream mechanism

pulmonic airstream

only egressive (lung air pushed out under the control of the respiratorymuscles): (ex)plosive (p t k)

glottalic airstream

szp (delg) intro phono 1/consonants 11 Feb 2009 11 / 16

Page 43: BBN--ANG--141 Foundations of phonology Phonetics 1: Consonants

articulatory properties of consonants airstream mechanism

airstream mechanism

pulmonic airstream

only egressive (lung air pushed out under the control of the respiratorymuscles): (ex)plosive (p t k)

glottalic airstream

◮ egressive (pharynx air compressed by the upward movement of theclosed glottis): ejective (p’ t’ k’)

szp (delg) intro phono 1/consonants 11 Feb 2009 11 / 16

Page 44: BBN--ANG--141 Foundations of phonology Phonetics 1: Consonants

articulatory properties of consonants airstream mechanism

airstream mechanism

pulmonic airstream

only egressive (lung air pushed out under the control of the respiratorymuscles): (ex)plosive (p t k)

glottalic airstream

◮ egressive (pharynx air compressed by the upward movement of theclosed glottis): ejective (p’ t’ k’)

◮ ingressive (downward movement of the vibrating glottis): implosive(á â ä)

szp (delg) intro phono 1/consonants 11 Feb 2009 11 / 16

Page 45: BBN--ANG--141 Foundations of phonology Phonetics 1: Consonants

articulatory properties of consonants airstream mechanism

airstream mechanism

pulmonic airstream

only egressive (lung air pushed out under the control of the respiratorymuscles): (ex)plosive (p t k)

glottalic airstream

◮ egressive (pharynx air compressed by the upward movement of theclosed glottis): ejective (p’ t’ k’)

◮ ingressive (downward movement of the vibrating glottis): implosive(á â ä)

velaric airstream

only ingressive (mouth air rarefied by the backward and downwardmovement of the tongue pressed to the velum): click (ò !) (think of Xixo(N!xau) from The Gods Must Be Crazy)

szp (delg) intro phono 1/consonants 11 Feb 2009 11 / 16

Page 46: BBN--ANG--141 Foundations of phonology Phonetics 1: Consonants

multiple articulatory gestures

multiple articulatory gestures

double closures (two POAs)

labio-velar stop:>kp

>gb >Nm, approximant: w

szp (delg) intro phono 1/consonants 11 Feb 2009 12 / 16

Page 47: BBN--ANG--141 Foundations of phonology Phonetics 1: Consonants

multiple articulatory gestures

multiple articulatory gestures

double closures (two POAs)

labio-velar stop:>kp

>gb >Nm, approximant: w

secondary articulations

labialization: kw gw, palatalization: pj bj, velarization: mG ë (cf. Englishdark l), pharyngealization: sÝ (=Arabic emphatics)

szp (delg) intro phono 1/consonants 11 Feb 2009 12 / 16

Page 48: BBN--ANG--141 Foundations of phonology Phonetics 1: Consonants

multiple articulatory gestures

multiple articulatory gestures

double closures (two POAs)

labio-velar stop:>kp

>gb >Nm, approximant: w

secondary articulations

labialization: kw gw, palatalization: pj bj, velarization: mG ë (cf. Englishdark l), pharyngealization: sÝ (=Arabic emphatics)

affricates

stop+fricative: Ń dz Ù Ã

szp (delg) intro phono 1/consonants 11 Feb 2009 12 / 16

Page 49: BBN--ANG--141 Foundations of phonology Phonetics 1: Consonants

multiple articulatory gestures

multiple articulatory gestures

double closures (two POAs)

labio-velar stop:>kp

>gb >Nm, approximant: w

secondary articulations

labialization: kw gw, palatalization: pj bj, velarization: mG ë (cf. Englishdark l), pharyngealization: sÝ (=Arabic emphatics)

affricates

stop+fricative: Ń dz Ù Ã

◮ they are commonly sibilants (like the above)

szp (delg) intro phono 1/consonants 11 Feb 2009 12 / 16

Page 50: BBN--ANG--141 Foundations of phonology Phonetics 1: Consonants

multiple articulatory gestures

multiple articulatory gestures

double closures (two POAs)

labio-velar stop:>kp

>gb >Nm, approximant: w

secondary articulations

labialization: kw gw, palatalization: pj bj, velarization: mG ë (cf. Englishdark l), pharyngealization: sÝ (=Arabic emphatics)

affricates

stop+fricative: Ń dz Ù Ã

◮ they are commonly sibilants (like the above)

◮ they are in fact not doubly articulated, but slowly released stops

szp (delg) intro phono 1/consonants 11 Feb 2009 12 / 16

Page 51: BBN--ANG--141 Foundations of phonology Phonetics 1: Consonants

IPA symbol charts

main consonant chart

szp (delg) intro phono 1/consonants 11 Feb 2009 13 / 16

Page 52: BBN--ANG--141 Foundations of phonology Phonetics 1: Consonants

IPA symbol charts

diacritics, non-pulmonics, co-articulated

szp (delg) intro phono 1/consonants 11 Feb 2009 14 / 16

Page 53: BBN--ANG--141 Foundations of phonology Phonetics 1: Consonants

sample exam questions

sample exam questions

which is an obstruent?

1. A

2. ô

3. k

4. m

szp (delg) intro phono 1/consonants 11 Feb 2009 15 / 16

Page 54: BBN--ANG--141 Foundations of phonology Phonetics 1: Consonants

sample exam questions

sample exam questions

which is an obstruent?

1. A

2. ô

3. k

4. m

szp (delg) intro phono 1/consonants 11 Feb 2009 15 / 16

Page 55: BBN--ANG--141 Foundations of phonology Phonetics 1: Consonants

sample exam questions

sample exam questions

which is an obstruent?

1. A

2. ô

3. k

4. m

which is not a POA?

1. lateral

2. palatal

3. bilabial

4. uvular

szp (delg) intro phono 1/consonants 11 Feb 2009 15 / 16

Page 56: BBN--ANG--141 Foundations of phonology Phonetics 1: Consonants

sample exam questions

sample exam questions

which is an obstruent?

1. A

2. ô

3. k

4. m

which is not a POA?

1. lateral

2. palatal

3. bilabial

4. uvular

szp (delg) intro phono 1/consonants 11 Feb 2009 15 / 16

Page 57: BBN--ANG--141 Foundations of phonology Phonetics 1: Consonants

sample exam questions

next week

we’re going to discuss the articulatory properties of vowels

szp (delg) intro phono 1/consonants 11 Feb 2009 16 / 16