UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA UiTM SHAH ALAM

BCM 523

ASSIGNMENT 1

PREPARED BY:

NAME STUDENT ID GROUP

1. AHMAD IFNNI BIN MOHD YUSRI 2014364095 AP246 4A

2. NUR SYAFAWANI SYAZYRA BINTI BADRUL HISHAM 2014539921 AP246 4A

3. SITI NASYUHA BINTI RAMLEE 2014341557 AP246 4A

COURSE : CONSTRUCTION ECONOMIC II

COURSE CODE : BCM 523

DATE OF SUBMISSION : 8th MAY 2015

PREPARED FOR : MISS SHAZA RINA BINTI SAHAMIR

GREEN TECHNOLOGY

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CONTENT

CONTENT PAGE

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 4

1.0 INTRODUCTION OF GREEN TECHNOLOGY 5

2.0 POLICIES AND INITIATIVES OF THE GOVERNMENT 6-13

2.1 BUILDING RELATED POLICIES & INITIATIVES 9-10

2.2 CURRENT APPLICATION OF GREEN BUILDING POLICY 11-13

3.0 PROCESS AND FEATURES OF GREEN TECHNOLOGY 14-20

3.1 PROCESS OF GREEN TECHNOLOGY 15-17

3.2 FEATURES OF GREEN TECHNOLOGY 18-20

4.0 BENEFIT AND RISK OF GREEN TECHNOLOGY 21-24

4.1 BENEFIT OF GREEN TECHNOLOGY 22-23

4.2 RISK OF GREEN TECHNOLOGY 24

5.0 CASE STUDY 25-35

5.1 INTRODUCTION 26

5.2 BRIEF PROJECT 27-28

5.3 APPLICATION OF GREEN TECHNOLOGIES 29-35

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6.0 CONCLUSION 36

7.0 APPENDIX 37

8.0 REFERENCES 38-39

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

In the name of Allah, the Gracious and the Merciful and Salawat and Salam to Prophet

Muhammad S.A.W., his family and companions r.a. Alhamdulillah, by the will of Allah S.W.T.

we are able to complete my thesis project within the required time. First of all, our sincere

thanks and gratitude are extended to my dedicated and understanding Construction

Technologys lecturer, Miss Shaza Rina binti Sahamir, who has guide, taught, assist and

support us throughout the duration to finish up the assignment given . Her encouragement,

understanding, suggestion and criticism was very helpful and essential in completing this

project. Our thanks also dedicated to our family who has supported and encourage us

constantly with their love, pray and money. Besides, they also have made valuable comment

suggestions on this proposal which gave us an inspiration to improve our assignment. Last

but not least, our sincere appreciation goes to everybody who involve directly or indirectly for

taking time and effort to participate in this research. Our apology give to who that I not

mention.

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1.0 INTRODUCTION

Before green technology is introduced to the construction industry, this industry has

contributed some part of harmful to the environment in term of the usage of building material

and also the operation involve in construction. Last 30-40 years world has to face the bitter

experience of global warming, ozone depletion, resource depletion, energy scarcity,

ecological toxicity, human toxicity, acid rains and related with it.

The term green technology refers to the quality and the characteristics of the actual structure

created using the principle and methodologies of sustainable construction. According

Charles (2013), the conceptual of the green technology shows that it stand as healthy

facilities designed and built in a resource efficient manner, using ecologically based

principle. Similarly, ecological design, ecologically sustainable design and green design are

terms that describe the application of sustainability principle to building design. It also can be

describe truly sustainable commercial buildings with renewable energy system, closed

material loops and full integration into the landscape are rare to non-existent.

Green or sustainable buildings use key resources like energy, water, materials, and land

more efficiently than buildings that are just built to code. With more natural light and better

air quality, green buildings typically contribute to improved employee and student health,

comfort, and productivity. The cost of green design has dropped in the last few years as the

number of green buildings has risen.

Until recently considered a fridge movement, in the early 21st century the green

building concept has won industry acceptance ant it is continues to influence building design,

construction, operation, real estate development, and also sales market. But as in Malaysia,

green building is such a new thing to the construction world. The construction field in

Malaysia nowadays can adapt this innovation because of the potential showed by other

country that adapts it long time ago. Malaysia is no exception in green building technology in

the construction industry. The example of building which is applied the concept of green are

the Diamond Building and Setia City Mall.

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2.0 POLICIES AND

INITIATIVES OF THE GOVERNMENT ON GREEN BUILDING

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2.0 POLICIES AND INITIATIVES OF THE GOVERNMENT

National Green Technology Policy launched in 2009 is a policy of the governments

importance in implementing green initiatives for the country. These include among others

growth of green technology research and innovation towards commercialise, promotion and

public awareness of green technology. For buildings, the government promotes the

application of renewable energy and energy efficiency in buildings such as solar, rainwater

harvesting, phasing out of incandescent lights, and the application of Green Building Index

(GBI). Green Technology Financing Scheme was announced in the National Budget 2010

that supports Green Technology and buildings, (Mahdzir: RM2.02bil approved, 2015).

Malaysian Institute of Architects (PAM) and the Association of Consulting Engineers

Malaysia (ACEM) supported by Malaysia Green Building Confederation (MGBC), together

with the building industry launched the Green Building Index to enable green grading and

certification of Malaysian buildings in April 2009. GBI which was formed and promoted by

PAM and ACEM, evaluates the impact of a new building on its environment based on six

criteria;-

- energy efficiency

- indoor environment quality

- sustainable site and management

- materials and resources

- water efficiency

- innovation

Malaysias government, over the support of MGBC by its Minister of Energy, Green

Technology and Water as well as by the Public Works Department of the Ministry of Works

is supportive of an objective, balanced and unbiased Green Building Assessment and

Certification Scheme declared and followed by the MGBC through its continued support of

the GBI. The government has taken several pro-active actions in promoting energy efficiency

through demonstration buildings, like the Energy Commissions Diamond Building in

Putrajaya that could encourage private sector to also construct and design low energy

buildings.

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ENERGY ENVIRONMENT ECONOMY SOCIAL

Seek to attain energy

independence &

promote efficient

utilisation

Conserve and

minimise the impact

on the environment

Enhance the

national economic

development

through the use of

technology

Improve the quality

of life for all

Table 2.0.1: Four Pillars of National Green Technology Policy

Figure 2.0.1: Energy Commissions Diamond Building in Putrajaya.

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2.1 BUILDING RELATED POLICIES & INITIATIVES

Table 2.1.1 below shows the various building related policies and initiatives supported by the

government together with various investors.

YEAR POLICIES/PROGRAMMES

FUTURE

Green PASS (Green Performance Assessment System In Construction)

- In consultation phase with stakeholders

- Developed by Construction Industry Development Board of Malaysia

(CIDB)

- Covers construction phase and operational phase of the building.

- Construction phase 5 elements- assessment of the construction site,

building materials, energy, water and waste.

- Operational phase 3 elements - building indoor environmental quality

(IEQ), energy and water

2012

PWD Green Rating Scheme (pH JKR Malaysia)

- Rating tool for government buildings

- 5 criteria - Energy efficiency, Indoor environmental quality,

Sustainable site planning & management, Materials & resources,

Water efficiency

2011

i) Low Carbon Cities Framework (LCCF) & Assessment System

- Covers four aspect of township Environment, Infrastucture,

Transportation & Building

- Low Carbon Building: 5 criteria Efficient & Renewable Energy,

indoor environment quality, site construction management, materials,

water management

- PILOT projects Miri City Council, University of Malaya, Pulau

Sahbesar in Kenyir, Port Dickson Municipal Council and Hang Tuah

Jaya in Melaka

ii) Green Township Putrajaya & Cyberjaya

iii) Green Neighbourhood Guidelines

- Promoted by Ministry of Housing and Local Government (MHLG) for

local council enforcement use in evaluating plan submission

- in line with LCCF with 4 criteria - Smart Location, Neighbourhood

Pattern & Design, Green Infrastructure, Green Communities Network

iv) Building Sector Energy Efficiency Project (BSEEP)

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YEAR POLICIES/PROGRAMMES

2010

i) National Energy Efficiency Master Plan Study 2010

- Replacing Incandescent to Compact Florescent Lamp (CFL)

- Replacing Inefficient Refrigerators with 5-star Refrigerators,

- Raising Air Conditioner Temperature to 25C,

- Replacing T8 to T5 lamp for Government Offices

- Energy Auditing for Commercial Buildings

ii) Economic Transformation Programme

- Energy Performance Management System (EPMS) for government

entities

2009

i) National Green Technology Policy

- National Energy Centre (PTM) restructuring to Malaysian Green

Technology Corporation (MGTC),

- Green Technology Financing Scheme(GTFS) (2010 -2015)

- Green Township in Putrajaya and Cyberjaya,

- International Greentech and Eco Products Exhibition and conference

Malaysia (IGEM).

ii) National Policy on Climate Change

iii) Green Building Index (GBI)

2001- 2008

i) The Efficient Management of Electrical Energy Regulation 2008

ii) Uniform Building By-Laws (UBBL) (1984), amended 2007

iii) Code of Practice on EE and Use of RE for Non-residential Buildings

MS1525: 2001, revised 2007 by SIRIM

iv) Guidelines for Conducting Energy Audits in Commercial Buildings (2004)

v) Design Strategies for Energy Efficiency in New Buildings (Non-

Domestic)(2004)

TABLE 2.1.1

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2.2 CURRENT APPLICATION OF GREEN BUILDING POLICY

As Tan, Suhaida, and Leong (2011) demonstrated, Malaysia suffers hot and rainy days due

to its geographical location at the Equator. It received about 192mm rain in a year with 8

months of sunshine and 4 months of monsoon rain which make it very humid. The weather

is extreme which means very hot or very wet.

i) Concept of earlier tropical building in Malaysia. (1980 1990)

During 90s, vernacular buildings (traditional architecture) are built according to the local

building material and design. In response to that the search of identity has started back

in the year of the 80s. Adaptation of vernacular architecture on modern buildings such

as the Bank Bumiputera at Jalan Lebuh Ampang and the composite Islamic screening of

Daya Bumi once put hopes that it will become a unique identity for Malaysia. In the early

80s, many famous architects started to interpret Malaysian architecture as tropical and

universal. It does not reflect any vernacular architecture or the multi-racial of people in

Malaysia. Thus, bioclimatic architecture design is created which apply both retro and

modern design to have better solar insulation, wind-direction and rainfall into a tropical

functionalism, by Architect Ken Yeang in 1984.

Tropical building design criteria:-

- Good solar orientation and configuration

Building orientation is an important role in energy preservation. This can reduces

heat gain into the building and lowers air-conditioning load.

- Passive solar shading

Glazed faces of buildings that face east & west require solar shading as to reduce

heat gain. Maximise natural ventilation & natural lighting; good cross ventilation in a

building promotes good air movement that reduces heat emission from the body

surface which results in human comfort.

- Building relationship with street & landscaping

The ground floor of buildings in the tropical climate is preferably open and naturally

ventilated. Planting and landscaping can not only be used for environmental and

aesthetic purposes but also as a tool to cool buildings

- Ecological design features

Consideration of recycled and re-used materials and sustainable forested timber will

reduce impact on the natural environment.

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ii) Green Building and Energy Efficient Building

Energy efficiency as part of sustainability is increasingly being familiar by both the

private sectors and public in Malaysia, both rising energy costs and global warming. The

Malaysian government, particularly The Ministry of Energy, Green Technology and

Water (MEGTW or KeTTHA) is actively encouraging energy efficiency concepts and

implementing it to their own buildings and other government-owned buildings. New

buildings under construction include the Zero Emission Office (ZEObuilding), the new

headquarter for Malaysian Energy Centre (Pusat Tenaga Malaysia, PTM), and the new

Energy Commission headquarter.

The energy efficiency measures that are taken:-

- Green environment around and on top of the building.

- Optimisation of building orientation, with preference to south and north facing

windows, where solar heat is less than for other orientations.

- Energy efficient space planning.

- A well-insulated building facade and building roof.

- Windows protection from direct sunshine and roof protection

- Energy efficient cooling system, where the air volume for each building zone.

- Maximise use of diffuse daylight and use of high efficiency lighting, controlled

according to daylight availability and occupancy

- Low energy consumption office equipment

- Application of an Energy Management System, where the performances of the

climatic systems are continuously optimised to meet optimal comfort criteria at least

energy costs

Figure 2.2.1: Pusat Tenaga Malaysia

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iii) Green Building Index certified building

Green Building Index (GBI) is Malaysias green rating tool for buildings and towns,

created to promote sustainability in the built-environment and raise awareness of

environmental issues amongst Developers, Architects, Engineers, Planners, Designers,

Contractors as well as the Public, so that we can look forward to a brighter and greener

future for generations to come. The GBI rating tool provides an opportunity for

developers and building owners to design and construct green, sustainable buildings

that can provide energy savings, water savings, a healthier indoor environment, better

connectivity to public transport and the adoption of recycling and greenery for their

projects and reduce our impact on the environment.

GBI is developed specifically for the Malaysian-tropical climate, environmental and

developmental context, cultural and social needs and is created to:-

- Define green buildings by establishing a common language and standard of

measurement.

- Promote an integrated, whole-building design that provides a better environment for

all.

- Recognise and reward environmental leadership.

- Transform the built environment to reduce its negative environmental impact.

- Ensure new buildings remain relevant in the future and existing buildings are

refurbished and upgraded to improve the overall quality of our building stock.

BUILDING WILL BE AWARDED THE GBI

RATING BASED ON 6 KEY CRITERIA

ENERGY EFFICIENCY

(EE) INDOOR

ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY (EQ)

SUSTAINABLE SITE PLANNING &

MANAGEMENT (SM)

MATERIALS & RESOURCES

(MR)

MATERIALS & RESOURCES

(MR)

INNOVATION (IN)

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3.0 PROCESS OF

GREEN BUILDING

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3.1 PROCESS OF GREEN TECHNOLOGY

Green building also known as green construction or sustainable building and using

process that is environmental responsible and resource efficient throughout a

building life cycle which is:-

Figure 3.1.1: The process of green technology

This process is to make sure the green construction is efficient and environmental

responsible to surrounding area:

1) Design of the green building or sustainable building is

i. Using sunlight through passive and active solar and photovoltaic options.

ii. Using green roofs and rain gardens to reduce rainwater run-off.

iii. Choosing packed gravel for parking lots instead of asphalt or concrete to enhance

the replenishment of ground water.

iv. Needed of green roofs so that it can reduce the energy consumption of the building

because temperature inside the building comfortable and keep constant. The other

function of green roof is to capture the amount of rainwater run-off and support

inserts and birds live.

v. High efficiency windows and insulation on walls, ceilings and floors are to supply

an air and circulates an air inside.

vi. Planted tree in front of the building so that the light does not directs the light through

the building and a tree produce a shade of when summer season comes.

Design Construction Operation

Maintenance Reduce Waste

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2) Construction of green building gives a huge impact of the building itself such as

selecting the material that supposedly in design stage to ensure the sustainability of the

building year ahead. The materials that they need to use on this building are :

i. Some materials that includes renewable such as bamboo.

ii. Bio-composite or biodegradable composites are the next generation of

sustainable building material. Combination of natural resins, binders to make roof

sheathing, fences, fireproof doors and more.

iii. The dimension stone such as natural mining stone, natural paving stone and stone

that have been selected and fabricated.

iv. Building materials that from local sources in order to minimize the energy use for

transport the materials.

3) Operation

Cost advantages

a) Lower energy cost from some of the design processes

i. High efficiency of windows and insulation.

ii. Passive solar in building system

iii. Roof that create high solar reflectance (reduce heat transfer to the building) and

high thermal emittance (when large percentage of absorbed solar energy is able

to be release). The roof is called cool roof.

Health Advantages

Green building is construct for people and to keep people in building comfortable

and healthy with negative environmental impacts. In order to keep people in healthy

state, the greater green surrounding is needed. On the other hand, when all the people

are healthy, at the same the health care cost will decrease.

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4) Maintenance

a) Maintaining a building is important to ensuring it remains sustainable and profitable.

i. Nice thing about green building is that even though initial costs of

implementation are higher, but it takes a long time period to give the

maintenance.

ii. Consider the idea of design concepts taking into account the increased

usage of natural light and temperature control services, the more natural

used the less maintenance of and dependency on furnaces, air conditioners,

and lighting system.

5) Reduce Waste

a) Waste can be reduced on several levels by taking a green approach to building.

i. On site waste management, such as separating garbage, recycling and

compost.

ii. Centralized wastewater treatment systems reuse wastewater from

dishwashing or washing machines from rainwater.

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3.2 FEATURED OF GREEN TECHNOLOGY

Featured of green building design or retrofitting of existing facilities is slightly the same with

the process of these building but there is another element that may need be includes the

following elements:

1) Water Management

Installation of water efficient equipment and appliances in kitchens and bathrooms to

reduce water consumption. Utilization of water efficient irrigation, captured rainwater,

or site-recycled water for onsite landscaping.

Figure 3.2.1 : Water Cycle in Building

2) Indoor Environment

Designing the HVAC (heating, ventilation and air-conditioning) system and building

envelope to provide for the most optimal delivery and mixing of fresh air.

Minimizing the number of indoor air pollution by selecting paints and coatings,

adhesives, carpets, and composite woods that emit low VOCs (volatile organic

compounds).

Establishing dividing areas for chemical-using operations.

Maximizing natural daylight via skylights and windows, decreasing the need for

artificial lighting.

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3) Site Design and Planning

Locating the building within close proximity of commuter rail or bus lines, to reduce

pollution with increased automobile usage.

Establishing building specifications that maintain the current level of storm water

runoff.

4) Material and Product Selection

Using building materials and products that contain post-consumer recycled content.

Incorporating materials and products manufactured regionally.

Using rapidly renewable materials, such as bamboo flooring, wool carpets, cotton

bath insulation, genuine linoleum flooring, or poplar oriented-strand board (OSB).

5) Construction and Demolition Waste Management

Implementing a waste management plan that diverts a large amount of construction,

demolition, and land-clearing debris from landfills to recycling or salvage facilities.

Reusing a percentage of salvage or refurbished materials from construction,

demolition, or land clearing as new building material.

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6) Energy

Generating building electricity on site, from renewable resources like geothermal,

solar, or biogas sources.

Eliminating the use of CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons) in HVAC systems.

Collaborating with a green power provider to purchase building electricity from solar,

wind, or geothermal sources.

Figure 3.2.2 : Green Building Design And Planning

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4.0 BENEFIT AND

RISK OF GREEN BUILDING

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4.1 BENEFIT OF GREEN TECHNOLOGY

i. Cost saving for the long term

Green Buildings provide financial benefits that conventional buildings do not. The

benefits of building green include cost savings from reduced energy, water, and

waste, lower operations and maintenance costs, and enhanced occupant productivity

and health. It also can reduce the cost of the labour to make sure the site in

cleanliness condition.

ii. Maximize the use of natural energy

Energy is a substantial and widely recognized cost of building operations that can be

reduced through energy efficiency and related measures that are part of green

building design. Green building energy savings primarily come from reduced

electricity purchases and secondarily from reduced peak energy demand.

iii. Less negative impact on the environment than standard building

The main objective of the green building is to ensure the building is surrounding with

green element that can minimize any negative effect and pollution to the

environment. Green building usually will use the natural source such as sun light as

source of light and cycle the rain water to be use. For example, the source of the day

light is by using the technology of transparent roof to penetrate as much as it can to

supply the light into the building. It is prove that by using natural light by using

sunlight radiation, the building can control the usage of electricity in the building.

Thus less negative impact towards the environment can be achieve than standard

building.

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iv. Contribute to economic development

Green buildings provide for jobs at every professional level and skill set, and the

number of jobs is only likely to increase over time. The increased demand for green

building construction has created an increased need for a skilled and trained

workforce.

According Fisk and William (2000) posited that, training is essential for getting and

maintaining green jobs; 30 percent of green job workers say they needed additional

training when they started and most report that formal education and training

programs will continue to be needed. The construction industry needs professional

worker such as construction managers, carpenters, electricians, architects, truck

drivers and cost estimators, among many others to handle the green building project.

Thus, green building can contribute the growth of the nation economy.

v. Landscape for savings

Homeowners can use sustainable landscape architecture practice to reduce energy

usage. As an example, residential green roof systems, which are often key features

of integrated site design projects, can significantly reduce home heating and cooling

costs. The energy efficiency benefits of sustainable landscape architecture practices,

including age-old practices like tree siting for shading, can be further leveraged

through the use of clean energy technologies, like solar power. Additionally,

sustainable residential landscape architecture practices help reduce the rate of GHG

emission growth. These types of sustainable residential solutions, if scaled up, can

mitigate residential building and transportation-related emissions.

An example that can be installed by using Green walls for the landscape. It can be

designed for a variety of plant types, including herbs or succulents, and can be

placed in either sun or shade. Edible herb or vegetable walls provide food sources.

However, climate and humidity should be considered when installing green walls.

The benefit of landscape sure would be cost-efficiency. Through shading, green walls

can lower temperatures in summer and reduce energy costs by 23 percent and It is

also can reduced air temperatures which is temperatures behind green walls can be

reduced by as much as 10o Celsius (Fisk and William, 2000). The other benefit of

green walls is it can reduced noise pollution by help reduce sound reflection.

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4.2 RISK OF GREEN BUILDING

i. Source of energy needed

When the source of light in the building fully depends on the penetration of sunlight

by the technology of transparent roof, during heavy rainy day the problem might be

occur. The building do need sunlight during the day that having heavy rains. Because

of heavy rains, the total of sunlight that can penetrate into the building would be not

as much as usual. The building needs another back up source of energy to ensure

the building not in the black out situation. The building cannot 100% fully depends

on sunlight so the alternative to the another method to ensure the building still in

building technology is by using Solar System Technology which can be used to

generate electricity to switch on the light in the building.

ii. Initial cost for the construction might be expensive

For the long term cost not be as much as the initial cost to construct the building.

This is because for initial cost to ensure to minimal the long term cost many

procedures have to take. For example to minimize the ventilation system in the

building, several procedure has to take which is to know the most wind direction so

that the position of the building will be decide by architect is suit based on the

direction of wind. Besides, sometimes the cost of material itself cost a lot during the

construction but it can benefit to us for the long term purpose. For example the solar

system device cost us a lot because of the technology.

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5.0

CASE STUDY ST DIAMOND BUILDING PUTRAJAYA

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5.1 INTRODUCTION

Figure 5.1.1 : ST Diamond Building, Precint 2 Putrajaya

The ST Diamond Building is a landmark energy efficient and environmentally friendly

building for the Malaysian Energy Commission in precint 2 in Putrajaya. As it named

Diamond Building , Dr Soontorn Boonyatikam is the one that responsible to designed the

building that inspired from the shape of diamond which is as table cut diamond. The

(Suruhanjaya Tenaga) ST Diamond building is a green building landmark in South East Asia

that is designed to showcase technologies that cut down energy consumption and potable

water usage, promote the use of sustainable building materials and provide enhanced indoor

environmental quality. It is a physical evidence reflecting the determination of the nations

regulatory body for energy policies, standards and safety implementing arm, Energy

Commission to prioritize energy efficiency during 2005 then. However, this double Platinum-

rated building has proven itself to be more, as global sustainable community recognizes it as

an international standard of showcasing sustainable office building design in the tropics.

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With just an additional cost of 6%, the ST Diamond Building carries two Platinum

Certificates, each one from Malaysias Green Building Index (GBI) and Singapores Green

Mark. Besides scoring from the green building rating tools from both countries, the ST

Diamond Building also carries several awards such as, the global ASHRAE Technology

Award 2013 (2nd place) and regional ASEAN Energy Award 2012, testifying that its

innovative design has earned recognition internationally.

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5.2 PROJECT BRIEFING

Project Name Headquarters of Energy Commission of Malaysia

Location Precint 2, Putrajaya, Malaysia

Status Built and Operating since 2010

Completion Date June 2010

Site Area 4,000m2

Gross Floor Area 14,690m2 exclude car park

Energy benchmark 65 kWh/m2/year

Client/Owner Energy Commission of Malaysia (ST)

Architecture Firm NR Architect

Principal Architect Dr Soontorn Boonyatikam (Thailand)

Main Contractor Putra Perdana Sdn Bhd

Sustainability Consultant IEN Consultants Sdn Bhd

Mechanical & Electrical Engineer Primetech Engineers Sdn Bhd

Civil & Structural Engineer Perunding SM Cekap

Landscape Architect KRB Enviro Design Sdn Bhd

Quantity Surveyor ARH Jurukur Bahan Sdn Bhd

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5.3 APPLICATION OF GREEN TECHNOLOGIES

5.3.1 Diamond Shaped

The Diamond Building shape was designed according to the climate and solar path of

equatorial Malaysia. According to the architect, Dr. Soontorn Boonyatikam, the 25 tilt angle

of the facades can ensures that North and South facades are fully self-shaded throughout

the year, while it reduces the solar impact by 41% for the East and West facades.

Figure 5.3.1.1 : Floor breakdown & Sunpath of Diamond Building

A central atrium is to maximise day lighting was introduced and the diamond shape takes

form. The diamond reflects Energy Commissions role and mission as a regulatory body

significantly for its transparency, value and durability. The building includes seven floors

above ground and two underground levels for parking. Low-e-glazing with Solar Heat Gain

Coefficient (SHGC) of 0.37 ensures direct solar heat will be reduced. The glazings Visual

Light Transmittance (VLT) of about 50% allows for effective diffuse light to the office interior.

The diamond shape also increases the ground space available for landscaping, which helps

reduce the heat island effect and also and allows glare free diffuse light to be reflected off

the landscape.

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5.3.2 Daylight Strategy

The ST Diamond Building is designed 50% day lit, without glare and minimal heat entry. This

is achieved through wide facade day lighting system simulation to able deeper daylight

penetration. With the usage of mirror light shelf, white painted window sill, white ceiling and

no interior partitions and no suspended ceilings, the daylight distribution is improved until 7

meters from the faade. Fixed white louvers with top surface mirror finish on the top side are

mounted with a 30 tilt angle above the light shelf for glare protection while still allowing

daylight to be deflected onto the ceiling.

Figure 5.3.2.1: Sunlight reflected into building.

The atrium has been carefully designed to optimize daylight utilization for each floor

employing the combination of automated blind with six different configuration to maintain the

suitable day lighting levels at all times. The blinds with 30% light transmission are adjusted

every 15 minutes and follow a three different control for morning, mid-day and evening. The

windows size becomes larger deeper into the atrium to cater for lower daylight level.

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A band of Tannenbaum reflector panels are applied to 4th and 5th floor to deflect daylight

across the atrium to 1st and 2nd floor where daylight levels are the lowest. The Christmas

tree profile reflectors have an increase of 10 and reflect about 85% of the light in semi-

diffuse manner, hence, avoiding visual glare issues for the building occupants.

Figure 5.3.2.2 : Cross section of the self-shading design and Blind Configuration

5.3.3 Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy

The ST Diamond Building is also made on energy efficient office equipment. A procurement

policy allows for the purchase of only energy efficient labelled equipment and appliances

with five star Energy Start ratings. The Diamond Building also has Thin Films Solar Panels

integrated in the roof which reduces the buildings energy consumption by 10%. The thin film

solar technology is suitable for the tropical climate, as this type of solar cells is better at

capturing light than common solar panels and thin film solar cells also experience less of a

drop in energy efficiency when baking under the hot sun.

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Their measured annual yield is 1400 kWh/kWp, which significantly higher than conventional

solar PV (1150 kWh/kWp). The generated electricity is connected to national utilitys grid

under the Feed in Tariff Scheme (2012). The solar panels have generated a monthly

average of 8,300 kWh and annually about 100,000 kWh.

Figure 5.3.3.1: Solar cells on each 4 roof side.

5.3.4 Water Efficiency

The ST Diamond Building also boasts its extensive water saving strategies. By using

rainwater for toilet flushing and irrigation, annual potable water consumption has been

reduced by 35% compared to potable water otherwise used for industry standard water

fittings and irrigation as defined by the Green Building Index. The rainwater is collected from

the 700m2 catchment area and stored in four 2,600 gallon (10,000 litres) rooftop tanks.

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All water from the sinks and floor traps (used water) is piped separately through a sand filter

to a collection tank from where it is reused for irrigation of a mini wetland instead of going to

the sewerage. 2000-3000 litres of water are recycled every week day. According to

Bredenberg (2012), the usage of water efficient fittings is able to reduce the potable water

usage by more than 67% compared to conventional plumbing fittings. To further optimise the

water efficiency of the building, grey water collected from the wash basins is also recycled to

irrigate the wetland at the ground floor.

Figure 5.3.4.1: Water tank for Harvested Rain Water.

Figure 5.3.4.2: Generally how rainwater harvesting system works in the building

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5.3.5 Green Transportation

According to Lim (2013), the significant amount of carbon footprint per household in

transportation, which is 68%, green buildings such as ST Diamond Building is designed to

make solutions for occupants to have alternatives towards a lower carbon footprint of

transportation. Regarding that, 2 Electric Vehicle charging stations are available, 10% of

parking garage spaces are designated for green/fuel-efficient vehicles and carpool vehicles.

Secured bicycle racks, location served by public transportation and shaded walkways for

pedestrians linking to the master development.

Figure 5.3.5.1: Electric Vehicle charging station

5.3.6 Outdoor Environmental Quality

Extensive landscaping and a sunken outdoor garden ensure not only connection to greenery

but also provide a cool and shaded ambient environment for the occupants. This, coupled

with a green roof helps to further reduce urban heat and effect whereby the hard scape

areas are reduced and replaced with soft green landscape.

Buildings near or surrounded by greenery have lower ambient temperature (surrounding

temperature) than the ones away from the greenery and it is seen as an effective way to

lower the ambient temperature.

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Futhermore, soft landscaping and water features create a cool and serene outdoor

ambience, complementing the concept and functionality of the ST Diamond Building. The

water walls that flank the glass canopy at the entrance exuberates a welcoming feel whilst

the streetscape lined with tall trees gives a shading effect. A sunken garden was carefully

incorporated into the building design to provide natural ventilation and the greenery within

the sunken and landscaped garden on the ground floor helps reduce heat gain into the

building. Functional greening is also included in the rooftop. Besides absorbing rainwater,

the roof garden provides insulation, lowers air temperature and combats the heat island

effect. Wetland on the ground floor, which is irrigated by grey water from the building, is

home to species of Malaysias herbs and flora.

Figure 5.3.6.1: Landscape garden on the ground floor the building

Figure 5.3.6.2 : Landscape garden outside the building

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6.0 CONCLUSION

To conclude, green building do contributes to the nation economics. Even though

green technology is not something new to construction industry but in Malaysia the building

that what we called as Green building still not as much as other countries have. The initial

cost for the whole construction of green building might be cost a lot but for a long term green

building can reduce bills cost and solves the nature problem such as landslide and global

warming. In order to keep the green building is fully worked on us, but we as a consumer

also take the responsible on this issue to keep our life greener and healthier.

It is vital that the users could adapt to such green building environment and

understand how it works in order for the building to achieve its purpose which is using lesser

energy. The ST Diamond Building is a physical demonstration landmark that has served as a

milestone to chart Malaysias determination towards sustainable development and smarter,

energy efficient buildings. The ST Diamond Building also prove that sustainanble building

consume to the various types of savings especially lead to the green environmental.

We must take care of our environment before it is too late. Environmental

consideration should be prioritised to ensure no harm is made to the environment while

developing or constructing new buildings. Minimise usage of carbon or raw near exhausted

material is a good way to achieve sustainability.

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7.0 APPENDIX

APPENDIX 7.1 : ST Diamond Building design section

APPENDIX 7.2 : The comparison energy effiency among Malaysia Office Buildings

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8.0 REFERENCES

Bredenberg, A. (2012). Malaysia's Stunning Green Diamond Building Wins Southeast Asia

Energy Prize. Retrieved from, http://inhabitat.com/malaysias-green-diamond-building-

wins-southeast-asia-energy-prize/

Charles, J. K. (2013). Sustainable Construction: Green Building Design and Delivery

(3rd ed.). New Jersey, John willey & Sons, inc., Hoboken.

Fisk, William J. (2000). Health and Productivity Gains from Better Indoor Environments and

their Implications for the U.S. Department of Energy. Retrieved from,

http://www.worldgbc.org/files/1513/6690/5994/WGB Week_2013_Greener_

Buildings_Better_Places_Healthier_People.

Lim, J,. (2013). St Diamond Building, The Green Building Landmark in SouthEastAsia.

Retrieved from, http://blog.japhethlim.com/index.php/2013/10/15/st-diamond-building-

the-green-building-landmark-in-southeastasia/

Mahdzir: RM2.02bil approved under Green Technology Financing Scheme. (2015, April 15).

The Star Online. Retrieved from, http://www.thestar.com.my/Business/Business-

News/2015/04/15/Mahdzie-RM2-02bil-approved-under-Green-Technology-Financing-

Scheme/?style=biz

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Matthew, P. J. , William, F. (2009). Resources, Conservation and Recycling. Retrieved from,

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921344909002547

Tan, C. S., Suhaida, M. S., & Leong, Y. P. (2011). Sustainability Development through

Energy Efficiency Initiatives in Malaysia 15th International Conference on ISO & TQM

(15-ICIT). Retrieved from

http://www.uniten.edu.my/newhome/uploaded/admin/research/centres/iepre/2012/pa

pers/Sus tainability Development through Energy Efficiency Initiatives in Malaysia.pdf