bcwwa 2008 wireless data communications for water 1213173368240092 9
TRANSCRIPT
8/3/2019 Bcwwa 2008 Wireless Data Communications for Water 1213173368240092 9
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1 Wireless Communications for SCADA Systems BCWWA 2008
Wireless Data Communications
for SCADA Systems
Presented by:
Dan Ehrenreich
Motorola Inc.
BCWWA ConferenceWhistler, April 2008
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2 Wireless Communications for SCADA Systems BCWWA 2008
Advanced SCADA Features
Networking(Communication Anywhere to Anywhere)
Data Reliability(No Communication Errors)
Data Security(Immune to Intrusion)
CommunicationNetwork
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3 Wireless Communications for SCADA Systems BCWWA 2008
“Open” Communication Solutions
Versatile IEDs
• Pressure Control
• Flow calculations
• Pumps Start
• etc.
SCADA
• Wonderware• Intellution• Factorylink• etc.
• 900 Mhz Conventional
• 900MHz S.Spectrum
• Analog Trunking
• VHF / UHF Conventional
• UHF-900 MHz MAS System
• Telco Network
• GSM/GPRS
• Satellite
• Microwave…….
VersatileInterface
• MODBUS• DNP 3.0• OPC• MDLC over TCP/IP• etc.
VersatileMedia
Applications
• Pressure/Flow• Maintenance• Leak detection• etc.
PLC Interface
•Allen Bradley
• Modicon
• Etc.
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4 Wireless Communications for SCADA Systems BCWWA 2008
A Communication Oriented RTU 1/3
ProgrammableController
Communication Modem,
Remote
Control
LocalControl
A powerful combination of two functions:
– Programmable Logic Controller
– Communication Modem
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5 Wireless Communications for SCADA Systems BCWWA 2008
A Communication Oriented RTU 2/3
LocalControl of
RemoteSites
ReportingBy
Event
Node
Linkingtwo Media
Protocol
Converterfor PLCLinks
Store andForwardRepeater
F1-F1
TimeSynchroniz
ation
RTU
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6 Wireless Communications for SCADA Systems BCWWA 2008
A Communication Oriented RTU 3/3
LocalProcess
NetworkComm.
++
+++
-
+
Pollingvia radio
Reportby Event
PLC
RTU
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7 Wireless Communications for SCADA Systems BCWWA 2008
“Store and Forward” Links
S&F
FIU
All radio links may use thesame frequency !
S&F
Repeater
RTU
RTU
RTU
SCADA HMI
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8 Wireless Communications for SCADA Systems BCWWA 2008
Backup Links Enhance Reliability
IP Gateway
DamagedWire-line
Backup
Radio
RF
SCADAControl Center
Line
RF
RTU
Radio
RTU
RTU
RTU RF
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9 Wireless Communications for SCADA Systems BCWWA 2008
Wide Area SCADA-Data Network
ToolBox
PrimaryWater SCADA
SecondaryMCC
Ethernet
Ethernet
IPGateway Line Based
network
S&FRepeater
RTU andComm. Node
RTU forPumping Station
RTU forReservoir
IP
S&FRepeater
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10 Wireless Communications for SCADA Systems BCWWA 2008
Complex SCADA System
MainToolBox
Primary
MCC
SecondaryMCC
Remote Ethernet
Local Ethernet
IP GatewayLineBased IP
RTU & DataComm. Node
RemoteToolBox
Wireline Comm.
RTU & DataComm.S&F
RTU & DataComm. Node
(SLIP)
Wireline
Comm.
RTU & DataComm. Node
RTU & DataComm. NodePrime Link
BackupLink
Prime Link
Prime Link
Printer
BackupLink
TS
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11 Wireless Communications for SCADA Systems BCWWA 2008
Reporting in Wireless SCADA Systems
• Cyclic Polling of RTUs– Complete Polling - “Tell me about all your conditions”
• Time consuming process not suitable for wireless media
– Report by Exception – “Tell me about only what changed”
• Change of state that does not require immediate attention
– Cyclic Health Check - “Indicate shortly that you are alive” • To minimize the health check cycle (leave time gaps for alarms)
• Initiating Unsolicited Messages– Report By Event - Predefined Alarm conditions
• Must get immediate attention of the operator (critical alarms)
• Group Calls– Burst messages – “Everyone Accept this Message”
• No acknowledgement is expected (“all keep quite for 5 minutes”)
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12 Wireless Communications for SCADA Systems BCWWA 2008
Multiple Address System Network
Site 2
SCADA
Site 1
RemoteProgramming
F2
F1
F2
F1
Using the 7-Layerprotocol sites maybe configured forsingle frequency F3
F3
F3 F3
F3
RTURTU
RTU
RTU
F1F2
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13 Wireless Communications for SCADA Systems BCWWA 2008
Wireless IP Connection with SCADA
Master
ControlCenter ProgrammingToolBox
IP
NetworkEthernet
Wireless IPInfrastructure
IPGateway
IP Con.
IP Con.
RTU
IP Con.
IP Con.
Programming
STS
IP Con.
RTU
900 MHz – 5.7 GHz
RTU
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14 Wireless Communications for SCADA Systems BCWWA 2008
Wireless GSM/GPRS Network
Site 4
Site 1
Site 2
Site 3
SCADA
Micro WaveBack Bone
Voice
Voice
Voice
RTU
RTURTU
RTU
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15 Wireless Communications for SCADA Systems BCWWA 2008
Combined PLC and I/Os with RTU
WirelessNetwork
Customer Site
RTU With radio
STSToolBox
I/OControl
Installed PLC or IED
I/O
Control
PLC or IEDwith Nativeprotocol
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16 Wireless Communications for SCADA Systems BCWWA 2008
SCADA Security Incident Trends
5
12 2 2
34
1
6
13
28
18
6
1 9 8 2
- 1 9
9 3 1 9
9 4 1 9
9 5 1 9
9 6 1 9
9 7 1 9
9 8 1 9
9 9 2 0
0 0 2 0
0 1 2 0
0 2 2 0
0 3 2 0
0 4
S e p t
. 2 0 0 5
* Projected
20* 22*
Something BigChanges Here
Source: Eric Byres
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17 Wireless Communications for SCADA Systems BCWWA 2008
Combined Set of Solutions May Help
• Physical Security– Provide adequate security to remote sites
• Firewalls– Protecting the corporate network
• Use of private data network– Public networks are often vulnerable
• Use of “complex” protocol structure – Need for specific analyzer
• Communications Security– Combined Encryption and Authentication
– Multiple passwords across the system, etc.
IPGateway
MasterControlCenter
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18 Wireless Communications for SCADA Systems BCWWA 2008
Cost Saving Analysis 1/2
• Calculate the overall Economic factors:– Cost of lost potable water due to bursts and leakages
– Cost of electric energy during designated period
– Cost for repairs and replacement of equipment
– Cost travel to remote sites for periodic checkup
– Cost of system supervision and manual data collection
Cost (without SCADA) – Cost (with SCADA)
Saving = -------------------------------------------------------------- (%)Cost (without SCADA)
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19 Wireless Communications for SCADA Systems BCWWA 2008
Cost Saving Analysis 2/2
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
Without SCADA With SCADA
Cost of lost potable water due to
bursts and leakages
Cost of electric energy during
designated period
Cost for repairs and replacement
of equipment
Cost travel to remote sites for
periodic checkup
Cost of manual data collection
Total
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20 Wireless Communications for SCADA Systems BCWWA 2008
With Simple Protocol
• Network Addressing
• Error Detection
& Message Retry
• Diagnostics
• Data Security
• Main Application
With Layered Protocol
•Built In
•Built In
•Built In
•Built In
• Main Application
System Programming Tasks