K…wl DcKiY : M„ncvwjZ cï-cvwLi Avevmb I Lv`¨

f~wgKv

M„ncvwjZ cï-cvwLi †eu‡P _vKvi Rb¨ me©cÖ_g Lv`¨ I Avevm‡bi cÖ‡qvRb| Mevw`cï-cvwLi Lv`¨ Dw™¢ I cÖvwYR Dfq Drm †_‡KB Avm‡Z cv‡i| cï-cvwLiv Zv‡`i †`‡ni Lv`¨ Pvwn`v Abyhvqx cywó Dcv`vb MÖnY K‡i _v‡K| Gme cywó Dcv`v‡bi g‡a¨ kK©iv, Avwgl, †mœnc`v_©, wfUvwgb, cvwb I LwYRc`v_© D‡jøL‡hvM¨| cÖwZwU cywó Dcv`vb †`‡ni g‡a¨ wbw`©ó KvR K‡i| D`vniY¯iƒc ejv hvq, kK©iv †`‡n kw³ †hvMvq Ges Avwgl †`‡ni e„w× Ges ¶qcÖvß Kjvi c~YM©V‡b mvnvh¨ K‡i| Avevi LwYRc`v_© †`‡ni KvVv‡gv ˆZwi‡Z ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb K‡i| †eu‡P _vKvi Rb¨ Lv`¨cÖvY ev wfUvwgb Lye mvgvb¨ cwigv‡Y cÖ‡qvRb n‡jI Gi ¸iæZ¡ Acwimxg| wfUvwgb †`‡ni ˆRweK Kvh©vejx‡Z mivmwi AskMÖnY K‡i| cÖK…Zc‡¶ Lv‡`¨i QqwU cywó Dcv`vb †`‡ni hveZxq Kvh©vejx wbqš¿Y K‡i| Pvwn`v Abyhvqx Dchy³ I mwVK Abycv‡Z GB cywó Dc`vb¸‡jv mieivn bv Ki‡Z cvi‡j Mevw`cï I cvwLi Drcv`b e¨nZ n‡e| ZvB cywó Dcv`vb m¤ú‡K© Lvgvwi‡`i mwVK Ávb _vK‡j im` ev Lv`¨ZvwjKv ˆZwi‡Z myweav nq| Mevw`cï-cvwLi Lv`¨ Pvwn`v c~iY nIqvi ci Av‡m G‡`i Avevmb ev _vKvi RvqMv| c„w_exi ey‡K gvby‡li †eu‡P _vKvi Rb¨ †hgb Avevm‡bi cÖ‡qvRb †Zgwb Mevw`cï-cvwLi Rxebhvc‡bi Rb¨I Avevm‡bi cÖ‡qvRb nq| Avevmb GKw`‡K †hgb M„ncvwjZ cï-cvwL‡K wbivcËv I Avivg †`q, †Zgwb G‡`i †_‡K ya, gvsm I wWg Drcv`‡b mnvqK f~wgKv cvjb K‡i| ZvQvov Avevmb Mevw`cï-cvwL‡`i So-e„wó I †ivM-e¨vwai nvZ †_‡K iÿv K‡i| G BDwb‡Ui wewfbœ cv‡V nuvm-gyiwMi Avevmb, gyiwM I nuv‡mi Lv`¨, M„ncvwjZ cïi Avevmb Ges Mevw`cïi Lv`¨ m¤ú‡K© ms‡ÿ‡c Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|

BDwbU mgvwßi mgq BDwbU mgvwßi m‡e©v”P mgq 02 mßvn

GB BDwb‡Ui cvVmg~n cvV - 5.1 : nuvm-gyiwMi Avevmb cvV - 5.2 : gyiwMi Lv`¨ cvV - 5.3 : nuv‡mi Lv`¨ cvV - 5.4 : M„ncvwjZ cïi Avevmb cvV - 5.5 : Mevw`cïi Lv`¨ cvV - 5.6 : e¨envwiK: Mevw`cïi Lv`¨ wn‡m‡e mvB‡jR ˆZwiKiY

BDwbU5

I‡cb ¯‹zj GmGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

c„ôv 64 evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

nuvm-gyiwMi Avevmb

D‡Ïk¨

GB cvV †k‡l Avcwb • nuvm-gyiwMi Rb¨ Avevm‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv D‡jøL Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| • nuvm-gyiwMi Ni ˆZwii avcmg~n wjL‡Z cvi‡eb| • N‡ii aib I wWRvBb eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| • nuvm-gyiwMi Ni ˆZwi‡Z cÖ‡qvRbxq miÄvgvw`i weeiY wjL‡Z cvi‡eb| • eqm‡f‡` N‡i nuvm-gyiwMi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq RvqMvi cwigvY ej‡Z cvi‡eb|

gyL¨ kã

nuvm-gyiwM, Avevmb, weªWvi, n¨vPvwi, eªæWvi, †MÖvqvi, †jqvi, eªqjvi, N‡ii aib, wWRvBb, GKPvjv ev †kW, †`vPvjv ev M¨vej, gwbUi, †mwg-gwbUi, Kw¤‡bkb, wbg©vY mvgMÖx|

nuvm-gyiwMi Avevm‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv AvaywbK c×wZ‡Z LvgviwfwˇZ A_ev †QvU Avw½‡K wbR evwo‡Z, evwoi Qv‡` wKsev eviv›`vq nuvm-gyiwM

cvjb Ki‡Z n‡j G‡`i Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq Avevmb ev evm ’v‡bi cÖ‡qvRb| hw`I cvwievwiKfv‡e 10-15wU nuvm-gyiwM cvj‡bi †ÿ‡Î ïay iv‡Zi AvkÖ‡qi Rb¨ GKwU †Luvqvo ev Ni n‡jB h‡_ó, wKš‘ AvaywbK c×wZ‡Z LvgviwfwˇZ nuvm-gyiwMi Rb¨ Avevmb ev Ni ˆZwii †¶‡Î Lvgv‡ii aib, Lvgv‡i cvwLi msL¨v I Lvgvwii Avw_©K m½wZi K_v cÖ_‡gB we‡ePbvq Avb‡Z n‡e| Gici Ni ˆZwi‡Z †hme welq we‡ePbv Ki‡Z n‡e Zv wb¤œiƒct:- • nuvm-gyiwMi Rb¨ AvivgcÖ cwi‡ek wbwðZ Kiv| • cÖvK…wZK Av‡jv I evZvm wbwðZ Kiv Ges cÖ‡qvR‡bi mgq Zv wbqš¿‡Yi e¨e ’v ivLv| • AwZwi³ kxZ, Mig ev e„wó I mu vZ‡mu‡Z Ae ’vi nvZ †_‡K nuvm-gyiwM‡`i i¶v Kiv| • †Pv‡ii nvZ †_‡K iÿv Kiv| • eb¨ cïcvwLi AvµgY †_‡K iÿv Kiv| • GKvwaK Ni ˆZwi Ki‡j wbw`©ó `~i‡Z¡ I cÖ‡qvRbxq AvKv‡i Zv wbg©vY Kiv| • wewfbœ Rv‡Zi nuvm-gyiwM GKB Lvgv‡i cvjb bv KivB fv‡jv| ZvQvov GKB cÖRvwZi wewfbœ eq‡mi cvwL

GKm‡½ cvjb bv K‡i G‡`i Rb¨ Avjv`v N‡ii e¨e ’v Kiv DwPZ| †jqvi (wWg Drcv`‡bi gyiwM) I eªqjvi (gvsm Drcv`‡bi gyiwM) GKB Lvgv‡i cvjb bv KivB fv‡jv|

• Bu yi I Ab¨vb¨ ¶wZKi Rš‘i nvZ †_‡K G‡`i i¶v Kiv| • †ivMRxevYyi cÖ‡ek wbqš¿Y Kiv| • nuvm-gyiwM weôvi Kvi‡Y †hb †Kvb `yM©Ü bv nq, †mRb¨ Av‡M †_‡KB e¨e¯’v MÖnY Kiv|

nuvm-gyiwMi evm ’vb ˆZwii avcmg~n nuvm-gyiwMi Avevmb ev evm¯’vb ˆZwii avcmg~n wb¤œiƒc:- • cÖ_‡g nuvm-gyiwMi evm ’v‡bi Rb¨ ’vb wbe©Pb Kiv| • Gici nuvm-gyiwM cvj‡bi D‡Ïk¨ Abyhvqx N‡ii mwVK wWRvBb wbe©vPb Kiv| • wWRvBb wbe©vPb n‡q †M‡j nuvm-gyiwM cvj‡bi Rb¨ wewfbœ ai‡bi Ni ˆZwii cwiKíbv Kiv|

cvV-5.1

K…wl wkÿv BDwbU 5

K…wl-DcKiYt M„ncvwjZ cï-cvwLi Avevmb I Lv`¨ c„ôv 65

• Gici nuvm-gyiwMi Rb¨ Ni ˆZwi Kiv| • N‡i nuvm-gyiwMi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq RvqMvi e¨e ’v Kiv|

nuvm-gyiwMi Avevmb ev evm ’v‡bi Rb¨ ’vb wbe©vPb nuvm-gyiwMi evm ’vb ev Ni Ggb RvqMvq ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e †hb wb¤œwjwLZ myweavw` cvIqv hvq| h_v:- • DuPz Rwg I cvwb wb®‹vk‡bi myweavm¤úbœ ’vb| • wWg I gvsm evRviRvZ Kivi myweav| • DbœZ hvZvqvZ e¨e ’v| • we`y r I cvwb mieiv‡ni myweav| • fwel¨‡Z Lvgvi eo Kivi myweav|

wPÎ: 5.1.1: nvm gyiMxi Avevmb nuvm-gyiwMi N‡ii aib nuvm-gyiwM cvj‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨i Ici wfwË K‡i G‡`i Rb¨ wewfbœ aib ev cÖKv‡ii Ni ˆZwii cÖ‡qvRb c‡o| †hgb:- • weªWvi Ni (Breeder House): GLv‡b wWg Drcv`bKvix (†jqvi) Ges gvsm Drcv`bKvix (eªqjvi) nuvm-

gyiwMi `v`v-`vw` (Grand Parent) ev evev-gv‡`i (Parent) cÖRb‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ cvjb Kiv nq| • wWg †dvUv‡bvi Ni (Hatchery): weªWvi Lvgv‡i Drcvw`Z wWg n¨vPvwi‡Z †dvUv‡bv nq| GLvb †_‡KB GKw`b

eq‡mi †jqvi ev eªqjv‡ii ev”Pv wewfbœ Lvgv‡i cvj‡bi Rb¨ mieivn Kiv nq| • ev”Pv Zvcv‡bvi Ni (Brooder House): wWg †_‡K m`¨‡dvUv ev”Pv‡`i R‡b¥i ci †_‡K 4/6 mßvn eqm

ch©šÍ eªæWvi ev ev”Pv Zvcv‡bvi N‡i K…wÎgfv‡e Zvc w`‡q cvjb Kiv nq| • e„w×i Ni (Grower House): GLv‡b wWg Drcv`bKvix A_©vr †jqvi gyiwMi ev”Pv¸‡jv‡K 6/7 mßvn †_‡K

18/20 mßvn eqm ch©šÍ cvjb Kiv nq| • wWgcvov Ni (Layer House): GLv‡b wWgcvov A_©vr †jqvi gyiwM¸‡jv‡K 19/21 mßvn †_‡K 72 mßvn eqm

ch©šÍ cvjb Kiv nq| • eªqjvi Ni (Broiler House): GLv‡b m`¨‡dvUv ev GKw`b eq‡mi gvsm Drcv`bKvix ev eªqjvi gyiwMi

ev”Pv¸‡jv‡K evRviRvZ Kivi AvM ch©šÍ A_©vr 5-8 mßvn eqm ch©šÍ cvjb Kiv nq|

nuvm-gyiwMi Ni

nuvm-gyiwMi Ni bvbv ai‡bi n‡Z cv‡i| Z‡e, †h aib ev wWRvB‡biB †nvK bv †Kb gyiwM cvj‡bi Rb¨ AvqZvKvi NiB me‡P‡q Dc‡hvMx| gyiwMi `‡ji (Flock) msLvi Ici wbf©i K‡i N‡ii ˆ`N© | Z‡e N‡ii ˆ`N© hvB †nvK bv †Kb cÖ ’ 4.5-9.0 wgUv‡ii †ewk n‡e bv| ZvQvov NiwU c~e©cwð‡g j¤v n‡e Ges c~e©gyLx ev `wÿYg~Lx n‡e| G‡Z evqy PjvP‡ji myweav nq|

I‡cb ¯‹zj GmGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

c„ôv 66 evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

nuvm-gyiwMi N‡ii cÖKvi‡f`

nuvm-gyiwMi N‡ii Qv‡`i wWRvB‡bi Ici wfwË K‡i gyiwMi Ni wewfbœ iKg n‡Z cv‡i| †hgb:-

GKPvjv ev †kW UvBc (Shed Type) Ni: Qvov Ae ’vq ev Aa©-Qvov Ae ’vq gyiwM cvj‡bi Rb¨ GKPvjv Ni †ewk Dc‡hvMx| G ai‡bi Ni Lye mn‡RB ˆZwi Kiv hvq|

†`vPvjv ev †Mej UvBc (Gable Type) Ni: mPivPi e„wóeûj A‡j gyiwM cvj‡bi Rb¨ G ai‡bi Ni †ewk Dc‡hvMx| G ai‡bi N‡ii Pvj Xvjy n‡q _v‡K| †`vPvjv Ni ˆZwi‡Z †ewk LiP c‡o|

• gwbUi ev †mwggwbUi UvBc (Monitor or Semi-monitor Type) Ni: †hme N‡ii Dfq w`‡K gyiwMi †Lvc (Pen) ivLv nq †mme Ni †ewk cÖk Í K‡i ˆZwi Ki‡Z nq| Avi G‡ÿ‡Î gwbUi ev †mwggwbUi Ni ˆZwi Ki‡Z nq| ZvQvov eªæWvi NiI G ai‡bi wWRvB‡b ˆZwi Kiv nq| G‡Z LiPI †ewk c‡o|

• Kw¤‡bkb UvBc (Combination Type) Ni: G ai‡bi N‡ii Pvj `yÕw`‡KB Xvjy nq| †ewkifvM N‡iiB Dc‡ii w`K †ewk Xvjy nq| G‡Z wbg©vY LiPI †ewk|

evwYwR¨K Lvgvi¸‡jvi Ni gwbUi, †mwggwbUi ev Kw¤‡bkb ai‡bi n‡Z cv‡i| Z‡e, cvwievwiK Lvgv‡ii Rb¨ Aí Li‡P gReyZ Ni ˆZwi KivB †kªq| Qv‡`i aib GKPvjv ev †`uvPvjv nIqvB fv‡jv|

Ni ˆZwi‡Z cÖ‡qvRbxq mvgMÖx

Ni ˆZwi‡Z evuk, KvV, BU, †XDwUb, nvW©‡evW©, A¨vm&‡e‡÷vm& wkU, cwjw_b, wR.AvB. wkU, wm‡g›U, ZviRvwj BZ¨vw`i cÖ‡qvRb n‡e| N‡ii †g‡S Ggwbfv‡e ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e †hb Zv me mgq ïK‡bv _v‡K, †Kv_vI †Kvb dvUj ev MZ© bv _v‡K Ges cwi®‹vi Kiv hvq mn‡RB| †g‡S wm‡g›U w`‡q fv‡jvfv‡e c‡j Íiv Ki‡j N‡i Bu y‡ii Dc`ªe eÜ nq| N‡ii †`qvj BU, evwj, wm‡g›U, evu‡ki KwÂ, KvV Ges †jvnvi ZviRvwj w`‡q nuvm-gyiwMi N‡ii †`qvj ˆZwi Kiv hvq| g‡b ivLv DwPZ, †`qvj †h `ªe¨ w`‡qB ˆZwi Kiv †nvK bv †Kb, Zv †hb gReyZ I ’vqx nq| †`qv‡ji wfZ‡ii w`KUv Ggbfv‡e ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e †hb Zv mn‡RB cwi®‹vi Kiv hvq I RxevbybvkK Ilya w`‡q †kvab Kiv hvq| N‡i Aek¨B gReyZ `iRv I Rvbvjv jvMv‡Z n‡e| N‡ii `iRv Aek¨B `wÿY w`‡K _vK‡Z n‡e| N‡ii Pvi †`qv‡jB Rvbvjv _vK‡Z n‡e| Rvbvjvq 2.5 †mw›UwgUvi duvKhy³ ZviRvwj jvwM‡q w`‡j fv‡jv nq| N‡ii Pvj Lo, Uvwj, †XDwUb, A¨vm&‡e‡÷vm& Ges Qv` wm‡g›U, iW I †Lvqv w`‡q XvjvB K‡i ˆZwi Kiv hvq| M„ncvwjZ cvwLi N‡ii Qv` m Ív ev `vwg †h mvgMÖx w`‡qB ˆZwi Kiv †nvK bv †Kb GwU fv‡jvfv‡e ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e hv‡Z evievi †givg‡Zi cÖ‡qvRb bv c‡o|

N‡i gyiwMcÖwZ cÖ‡qvRbxq RvqMv

cÖwZwU N‡i gyiwMi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq cwigvY RvqMvi e¨e ’v Ki‡Z n‡e| KL‡bvB Mv`vMvw` K‡i gyiwM ivLv hv‡e bv| mviwY 01-G eqm‡f‡` wewfbœ c×wZ‡Z gyiwMi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq RvqMvi cwigvY D‡jøL Kiv n‡jv:-

mviwY 01: eqm‡f‡` wewfbœ c×wZ‡Z gyiwMi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq RvqMv

eqm (w`b) gyiwMcÖwZ cÖ‡qvRbxq RvqMvi cwigvY (eM©wgUvi) wjUvi c×wZ LuvPv c×wZ

0-30 0.05 0.02 31-60 0.14 0.03 61-90 0.19 0.05 91-120 0.23 0.05 121-150 0.28 0.05-0.93

K…wl wkÿv BDwbU 5

K…wl-DcKiYt M„ncvwjZ cï-cvwLi Avevmb I Lv`¨ c„ôv 67

wkÿv_©xi KvR Lvgvi †_‡K AwaK wWg I gvsm Drcv`‡bi Ici nuvm-gyiwMi Avevm‡bi †Kvb cÖfve Av‡Q wKbv Zv wb‡q wkÿv_©xiv `jMZfv‡e †kÖwYK‡ÿ Av‡jvPbv Ki‡e|

mvims‡ÿc

nuvm-gyiwM cvj‡bi Rb¨ Avevmb ev evm ’v‡bi cÖ‡qvRb| cÖ_‡gB Avevm‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq my‡hvM-myweavm¤úbœ ’vb wbe©Pb Ki‡Z nq| cvj‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨i Ici wfwË K‡i weªWvi, n¨vPvwi, eªæWvi, †MÖvqvi, †jqvi, eªqjvi cÖf…wZ

wewfbœ ai‡bi Ni ˆZwi Kiv nq| Qv‡`i wWRvB‡bi Ici wfwË K‡i nuvm-gyiwMi Ni GKPvjv, †`vPvjv, gwbUi, †mwggwbUi ev Kw¤‡bkb ai‡bi n‡Z cv‡i| Ni ˆZwi‡Z evuk, KvV, BU, †XDwUb, nvW©‡evW©, A¨vm&‡e‡÷vm& wkU, cwjw_b, wR.AvB. wkU, wm‡g›U, ZviRvwj BZ¨vw`i cÖ‡qvRb nq| nuvm-gyiwM †hb Aviv‡g _vK‡Z cv‡i †mRb¨ N‡i cÖ‡qvRbxq cwigvY RvqMv w`‡Z n‡e|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-5.1

eûwbe©vPbx cÖkœ 1| nuvm-gyiwMi Ni n‡e- i) c~e©-cwð‡g j¤vjw¤ ii) `wÿYg~Lx iii) cÖ ’ 4.5-9.0 wgUvi wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii 2| †h N‡i ev”Pv _v‡K Zv‡K wK e‡j? K) n¨vPvwi L) eªqjvi M) †kW UvBc N) M¨vej UvBc 3| nuvm-gyiwMi N‡ii ˆ`N© Kx‡mi Dci wbf©i K‡i? K) †mev h‡Zœi L) we`y r mieiv‡ni M) nuvm gyiwMi msL¨vi N) cvwb wb®‹vk‡bi 4| nuvm-gyiwMi Avevmb ˆZwii cÖ_g avc †Kvb&wU? K) Ni ˆZwiKiY L) N‡ii wWRvBb wbe©vPb Kiv M) Avevm‡bi ’vb wbe©vPb Kiv N) wewfbœ cÖKvi Ni ˆZwii cwiKíbv Kiv

I‡cb ¯‹zj GmGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

c„ôv 68 evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

gyiwMi Lv`¨

D‡Ïk¨

G cvV †k‡l Avcwb- • gyiwMi Lv‡`¨i ˆewkó¨mg~n ej‡Z cvi‡eb| • gyiwMi im` ev Lv`¨ZvwjKv m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| • gyiwMi im‡` e¨eüZ Lv`¨ DcKi‡Yi bvg I eqm‡f‡` Lv`¨ Mªn‡Yi cwigvY D‡jøL Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| • gyiwM‡K LvIqv‡bvi wewfbœ c×wZ m¤ú‡K© wjL‡Z cvi‡eb| • gyiwMi Rb¨ wewfbœ Lv`¨ DcKiY wgwk‡q †ikb ˆZwii c×wZ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

gyL¨ kã Lv‡`¨i ˆewkó¨, †cÖvev‡qvwUK, eªqjv‡ii im`, †jqvi ev weªWv‡ii im`, Lv`¨ MÖnY, Lv`¨ LvIqv‡bv|

gyiwMi Lv‡`¨i ˆewkó¨

gyiwMi Rxeb iÿv, ˆ`wnK e„w× Ges wWg I gvsm Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ mylg Lv‡`¨i cÖ‡qvRb| gyiwMi Lv`¨ wn‡m‡e mvaviYZ wewfbœ ai‡bi km¨`vbv I Zv‡`i DcRvZ `ªe¨ e¨eüZ nq| ZvQvov AvaywbK Lvgvi e¨e ’vq GB Lv‡`¨i m‡½ mwVK gvÎvq wfUvwgb I LwYR wgkÖY Ges A‡bK mgq †cÖvev‡qvwUK cÖ vb Kiv nq| GKwU welq Rvbv cÖ‡qvRb GB †h, gyiwM Lvgvi cwiPvjbvi †gvU Li‡Pi cÖvq 70%-B Lv`¨eve` n‡q _v‡K| Kv‡RB Lvgvwi‡K gyiwMi Rb¨ mwVK ˆewkó¨m¤úbœ Lvevi msMÖn Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| gyiwMi Lv‡`¨i ˆewkó¨mg~n wb¤œiƒc nIqv DwPZ| †hgb:-

• gyiwMi Rb¨ e¨eüZ Lv`¨`ªe¨ A_©vr km¨`vbv I Zv‡`i DcRvZ `ªe¨mg~n ZvRv Ges gvbm¤úbœ n‡Z n‡e| • Lv‡`¨ gyiwMi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq cywó Dcv`vb _vK‡Z n‡e| • cÖ‡qvRbxq me Lv`¨ DcKiY e¨envi K‡i im` ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e| • Lv`¨ nRg‡hvM¨ I mnRcvP¨ n‡e| • Lv`¨ RxevYy, QÎvK I ciRxexgy³ n‡e| • Lv`¨ my v`y n‡Z n‡e| • Lv‡`¨ †Kvb ai‡bi `yM©Ü _vK‡Z cvi‡e bv| • Lv`¨ DcKiYmg~n mnRjf¨ n‡e| • Lv‡`¨ Drcv`b LiP Kg n‡Z n‡e|

gyiwMi im` gyiwM‡K mvivw`‡b A_©vr 24 N›Uvq †h cwigvY Lv`¨ mieivn Kiv nq, Zv‡K im`, Lv`¨ZvwjKv ev †ikb e‡j| im‡` wewfbœ ai‡bi cywó Dcv`vb, †hgb:- Avwgl, kK©iv, † œnc`v_© ev Pwe©, wfUvwgb I LwYRc`v_© mwVZ gvÎvq _vK‡Z n‡e| GQvovI cªwZw`b cÖ‡qvRbxq cwigvY cvwbI mieivn Ki‡Z n‡e| †h im‡` wewfbœ ai‡bi gyiwM, †hgb:- eªqjvi (gvsm Drcv`bKvix gyiwM), †jqvi (wWgcvov gyiwM), weªWvi (cÖRbbKvix gyiwM) BZ¨vw`i Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq cywó Dcv`vbmg~n mwVK gvÎvq _v‡K Zv‡K mylg im` e‡j| gvs‡mi Rb¨ e¨eüZ eªqjvi gyiwM‡`i mPivPi `yÕai‡bi im` cÖ vb Kiv nq, †hgb:- cÖviw¤¢K im` (0-4 mßvn eqm ch©šÍ) I mgvwßi im` (4-8 mßvn eqm ch©šÍ) Ges wWgcvov ev †jqvi Ges cÖRbbKvix gyiwM‡`i wZb ai‡bi im` cÖ vb Kiv nq, †hgb:- cÖviw¤¢K

cvV-5.2

K…wl wkÿv BDwbU 5

K…wl-DcKiYt M„ncvwjZ cï-cvwLi Avevmb I Lv`¨ c„ôv 69

im` (0-8 mßvn eqm ch©šÍ), e„w×i im` (9-18 mßvn eqm ch©šÍ) I mgvwßi im` (19-72 mßvn eqm ch©šÍ)| mviwY 02-G eªqjvi, †jqvi I weªWvi gyiwMi im‡` wK cwigvY kw³ (kK©iv I Pwe©) I Ab¨vb¨ cywó Dcv`vb _vKv DwPZ Zv †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q|

mviwY 02: eªqjvi, †jqvi I weªWvi gyiwMi im‡` cÖ‡qvRbxq kw³/cywó Dcv`v‡bi cwigvY/gvÎv

eªqjvi gyiwM †jqvi/weªWvi gyiwM kw³/cywó Dcv`vb cÖviw¤¢K im`

(0-4 mßvn) mgvwß im` (5-8 mßvn)

cÖviw¤¢K im` (0-8 mßvn)

e„w×i im` (9-18 mßvn)

†jqvi/weªWvi im` (19-72 mßvn)

wecvKxq kw³ (wK‡jv K¨vjwi/†KwR Lv`¨)

3,050 3,200 2,675 2,410 2,830

Avwgl (%) 21-22 19-20 20.0 16 15 K¨vjwmqvg (%) 1.1 0.9 1.0 1.0 3.0 dmdivm (%) 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.6

Drm: Banerjee, G.C. (1986). A Textbook of Animal Husbandry (Sixth ed.), Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt.

Ltd., India, pp. 668, 670.

gyiwMi im‡` e¨eüZ Lv`¨ DcKiY wewfbœ ai‡bi Lv`¨`ªe¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq gvÎvq GK‡Î wgwk‡q gyiwMi im` ev Lv`¨ZvwjKv ˆZwi Kiv nq| im` ˆZwi‡Z kK©ivmg„× Lv`¨`ªe¨, †hgb:- wewfbœ ai‡bi km¨`vbv (Mg, fzÆv, Pv‡ji Kuyov, fzwk BZ¨vw`); † œnc`v_©mg„× Lv`¨`ªe¨, †hgb:- wewfbœ Dw™¢¾ †Zj (mqvweb †Zj, wZ‡ji †Zj BZ¨vw`); Avwglmg„× Lv`¨`ªe¨, †hgb:- ïuUwK gv‡Qi uov, mwilvi ˆLj, wZ‡ji ˆLj, mqvweb wgj, i‡³i ¸uov BZ¨vw`; wfUvwgbmg„× Lv`¨`ªe¨, †hgb:- ZvRv kvKmewR, wfUvwgb-wgbv‡ij wcÖwg· BZ¨vw` Ges LwYRc`v_©mg„× Lv`¨`ªe¨, †hgb:- Lv`¨ jeY, wSby‡Ki †Lvmvi P~Y©, wW‡gi †Lvmv, nuv‡oi uov, Pzbv cv_i BZ¨vw` wbw ©ó cwigv‡Y wgwkÖZ K‡i e¨envi Ki‡Z nq| GQvovI cÖPzi cwigv‡Y cwi®‹vi I RxevYygy³ cvwb mieivn Ki‡Z nq| Lv`¨ DcKi‡Yi cywógvb, cÖvc¨Zv I `vg we‡ePbv K‡i G¸‡jv im` ˆZwii Rb¨ wbe©Pb Ki‡Z nq| mviwY 03-G gyiwMi im` ˆZwi‡Z wewfbœ Lv`¨ DcKiY wgkÖ‡Yi gvÎv †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q| ZvQvov mviwY 04 I 05-G e¨envwiK †¶‡Î wewfbœ Lv`¨`ªe¨ wgwkªZ K‡i wewfbœ eq‡mi eªqjvi I wWgcvov ev †jqvi gyiwMi Rb¨ ˆZwi im‡`i `yÕwU D`vniY †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q|

mviwY 1: gyiwMi im` ˆZwi‡Z wewfbœ Lv`¨ DcKi‡Yi e¨envi gvÎv:

Dcv`vb e¨envi gvÎv (%) ev”Pv evošÍ/ wWgcvov

gyiwM kw³i Drm fyÆv 60 60 Mg 50 50 wPUv¸o 5 10 Pv‡ji wgwnKzuov (Rice polish) 40 40 M‡gi Kzuov (Wheat bran) 10 15 †cvwëª weôvi wgj (Poultry manure meal) 10 10 Dw™¢¾ Avwg‡li Drm ev`vg †Z‡ji ˆLj 40 40

I‡cb ¯‹zj GmGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

c„ôv 70 evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

Dcv`vb e¨envi gvÎv (%) ev”Pv evošÍ/ wWgcvov

gyiwM mqvweb wgj (Soyabean meal) 40 40 wZ‡ji ˆLj 20 20 m~h©gyLxi ˆLj 20 20 wZwmexR wgj 20 30 ZzjvexR wgj 5 5 mwilvi †Z‡ji ˆLj 10 10 fzÆvi gq`vi wgj 20 20 cÖvwYR Avwg‡li Drm ïUwK gv‡Qi uov (Fish meal) 15 10 gvs‡mi uov (Meat meal) 5 10 i‡³i ¸uov (Blood meal) 5 10 cvjK P‚Y© (Feather meal) 5 5 gvsm I nv‡oi uov (GK‡Î) 6 6 †cvwëª DcRvZ wgj (Poultry by-product meal) 5 5 n¨vPvwi DcRvZ wgj (Hatchery by-product meal) 5 5

Drm: Panda, B. and S.C. Mahapatra (1989). Poultry Production, Indian Council of Agricultural Research,

India, p. 63.

mviwY 04 : wewfbœ eq‡mi eªqjvi gyiwMi im` Dcv`vb cÖviw¤¢K im` (0-4 mßvn) mgvwß im` (5-8 mßvn)

Mg/ fyÆv fv½v (%) 47.50 49.00 Pv‡ji wgwnKzuov (%) 17.50 18.00 wZ‡ji ˆLj (%) 13.00 12.00 ïUwK gv‡Qi uov (%) 18.00 14.75 mqvweb †Zj (%) 2.00 3.00 nv‡oi uov (%) 1.25 1.00 wSbyK P‚Y© (%) - 1.50 jeY (%) 0.25 0.50 wfUvwgb-LwYR wgkªY (%) 0.25 0.25 me©‡gvU (%) 100.00 100.00 Drm: jwZd, †gv.Av. (1994)| eªqjvi Drcv`b, evsjv GKv‡Wgx, XvKv, c„. 98|

mviwY 05: wewfbœ eq‡mi †jqvi ev wWgcvov gyiwMi im`

Dcv`vb cÖviw¤¢K im` (0-8 mßvn)

e„w× im` (9-18 mßvn)

†jqvi im` (19-72 mßvn)

Mg/fyÆv fv½v (%) 50.0 50.0 54.0 M‡gi fzwk (%) 10.0 7.0 5.0 Pv‡ji wgwnKzuov (%) 10.0 15.0 15.0 wZ‡ji ˆLj (%) 12.0 10.0 7.0 ïUwK gv‡Qi uov (%) 14.0 12.0 10.0

K…wl wkÿv BDwbU 5

K…wl-DcKiYt M„ncvwjZ cï-cvwLi Avevmb I Lv`¨ c„ôv 71

Dcv`vb cÖviw¤¢K im` (0-8 mßvn)

e„w× im` (9-18 mßvn)

†jqvi im` (19-72 mßvn)

nv‡oi uov (%) 1.5 3.0 2.5 wSbyK P‚Y© (%) 2.0 2.5 6.0 jeY (%) 0.5 0.5 0.5 me©‡gvU (%) 100.0 100.0 100.0

we‡kl `ªóe¨: wfUvwgb-LwYR wgkªY (Vitamin-mineral premix) Drcv`bKvix cÖwZôv‡bi wb‡`©wkZ gvÎvq G Lv`¨ZvwjKvi m‡½ †hvM Ki‡Z n‡e| Drm: ingvb, Av.b.g.Av. (1997)| kn‡i †cvwëª cvjb, †ivÏyi, XvKv, c„. 57|

eqm‡f‡` Lv`¨ MÖnY cÖwZw`b cÖwZwU eªqjvi ev †jqvi GKwU wbw ©ó cwigvY Lv`¨ MÖnY K‡i I wbw ©ó cwigvY IRb jvf K‡i| mviwY 06 I 07-G cÖwZw`b cÖwZwU eªqjvi ev †jqvi gyiwM KZUzKz Lv`¨ MÖnY K‡i Zv †`qv n‡q‡Q| Z‡e, gyiwMi RvZ ev †÷ªB‡bi Ici wbf©i K‡i Lv`¨ MÖn‡Yi cwigv‡Yi ZviZg¨ NU‡Z cv‡i| mviwY 6: eqm‡f‡` eªqjvi gyiwMi Lv`¨ MÖnY I ˆ`wnK IRb

eqm (mßvn) ˆ`wnK IRb (MÖvg)

Mo Lv`¨ MÖnY (MÖvg/eªqjvi gyiwM/w`b)

1 104 10.4 2 213 22.7 3 372 38.6 4 558 53.1 5 780 65.1 6 1040 83.0 7 1320 93.0 8 1600 108.0

Drm: ingvb, Av.b.g.Av. (1997)| kn‡i †cvwëª cvjb, †ivÏyi, XvKv, c„. 59|

mviwY 7: eqm‡f‡` wWgcvov ev †jqvi gyiwMi Lv`¨ MÖnY I ˆ`wnK IRb

eqm (mßvn) ˆ`wnK IRb (MÖvg)

Mo Lv`¨ MÖnY (MÖvg/†jqvi gyiwM/w`b)

1 70 11 2 130 25 3 190 29 4 260 31 5 340 34 6 420 37 7 510 40 8 610 43 9 720 48 10 820 50 11 910 52 12 1,000 55 14 1,170 60

I‡cb ¯‹zj GmGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

c„ôv 72 evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

eqm (mßvn) ˆ`wnK IRb (MÖvg)

Mo Lv`¨ MÖnY (MÖvg/†jqvi gyiwM/w`b)

16 1,335 68 18 1,520 79 20 1,700 92 22 1,910 100 26 1,980 105 28 2,020 110

30-Z`ya© 2,050 115-125 Drm: ingvb, Av.b.g.Av. (1997)| kn‡i †cvwëª cvjb, †ivÏyi, XvKv, c„. 59|

gyiwM‡K Lv`¨ LvIqv‡bvi c×wZ gyiwM‡K ïay mylg Lv`¨ w`‡jB Pj‡e bv| G Lv`¨ mwVK c×wZ‡Z LvIqv‡Z n‡e| GLv‡b gyiwM‡K Lv`¨ LvIqv‡bvi K‡qKwU c×wZ ms‡¶‡c eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q| • ¯vaxbfv‡e wewfbœ Lvevi LvIqv‡bvi c×wZ: GB c×wZ‡Z wewfbœ Lvev‡ii cv‡Î wfbœ wfbœ Lvevi ivLv nq Ges

gyiwM Zvi cQ›`g‡Zv Lvevi Lvq| • `vbv I uov Lvevi wgwk‡q LvIqv‡bvi c×wZ: GB c×wZ‡Z GKBmv‡_ `vbv I uov Lvevi LvIqv‡bv nq| evošÍ

ev”Pv I wWgcvov gyiwM‡K Lv`¨ LvIqv‡bvi Rb¨ G c×wZwU LyeB Dc‡hvMx| • P‚Y© Lv`¨ LvIqv‡bvi c×wZ: GB c×wZ‡Z me ai‡bi Lv`¨`ªe¨ P‚Y© K‡i GKmv‡_ wgwkªZ K‡i LvIqv‡bv nq|

ev”Pv I evošÍ ev”Pv‡K G c×wZ‡Z LvIqv‡j fv‡jv dj cvIqv hvq| • Av`ª© P‚Y© c×wZ: GB c×wZ‡Z Lv`¨`ªe¨ P‚Y© K‡i GKmv‡_ wgwkÖZ Ki‡Z nq| c‡i cvwb‡Z wfwR‡q gyiwM‡K

†L‡Z †`qv nq| mvaviYZ `ycyi †ejvq GB ai‡bi Lvevi †`qv fv‡jv| • ewo ˆZwi K‡i LvIqv‡bvi c×wZ: GB c×wZ‡Z Lv`¨ ªe¨‡K P‚Y© K‡i c‡i D”P Pv‡c ewo ev wc‡jU (Pellete)

ˆZwi Kiv nq| GB wc‡jU gyiwM‡K †L‡Z †`qv nq|

gyiwMi im` ˆZwii wbqgvejx cÖ_‡gB gyiwMi im` ˆZwii Rb¨ e¨eüZ RvqMvwU cwi®‹vi-cwi”Qbœ K‡i wb‡Z n‡e| wewfbœ Lv`¨ DcKiY gvcvi Rb¨ wbw³ ev cvjøv e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e| Mg ev fzÆv Av‡M †_‡KB †gwk‡bi mvnv‡h¨ fvw½‡q wb‡Z n‡e| ˆLjI fv‡jvfv‡e uov K‡i wb‡Z n‡e| cÖ_‡g Mg ev fzÆv †g‡c †g‡S‡Z Xvj‡Z n‡e| Gici Zvi Dci Pv‡ji wgwn Kuyov, M‡gi fzwk, ˆLj, ïUwK gv‡Qi ¸uov ev mqvweb wgj †g‡c Xvj‡Z n‡e| Gici cwigvYg‡Zv wSby‡Ki uov, nuv‡oi ¸uov I Lv`¨ jeY wQwUw‡q w`‡Z n‡e| AZtci Lv`¨¯‘‡ci Dci wfUvwgb-wgbv‡ij wcÖwg· wQwU‡q w`‡q mKj Lv`¨ DcKiY¸‡jv fv‡jvfv‡e wgkv‡Z n‡e| †ikb ˆZwi n‡q †M‡j G¸‡jv e¯Ívq f‡i mwVKfv‡e msiÿY Ki‡Z n‡e| Z‡e, eZ©gv‡b evwYwR¨Kfv‡e wewfbœ wdW wgj ev Lv`¨ ˆZwii cÖwZôvb wgwkÖZ Lv`¨ ˆZwi K‡i evRv‡i wewµ Ki‡Q hv A‡bK LvgvwiB e¨envi K‡ib| gyiwMi eqm I cvj‡bi D‡Ïk¨ Abyhvqx evRvi g¨vk ev uov Lvevi, µ¨v¤j ev `vbv`vi Lvevi I wc‡jU ev ewo AvKv‡ii Lvevi cvIqv hv‡”Q|

wkÿv_©xi KvR wkÿv_©xiv `jMZfv‡e †kÖwYK‡ÿ eqm‡f‡` †jqvi I eªqjvi gyiwMi im` ˆZwi‡Z †Kvb& †Kvb& Lv`¨`ªe¨ e¨envi Kiv hvq I Zv‡Z wK wK cywó Dcv`vb wK gvÎvq †hvM Kiv cÖ‡qvRb Zv wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Ki‡e|

K…wl wkÿv BDwbU 5

K…wl-DcKiYt M„ncvwjZ cï-cvwLi Avevmb I Lv`¨ c„ôv 73

mvims‡ÿc

gyiwMi RxeY iÿv, ˆ`wnK e„w× Ges wWg I gvsm Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ mylg Lv‡`¨i cÖ‡qvRb| gyiwM †_‡K AwaK wWg I gvsm Drcv`b Ki‡Z n‡j †jqvi I eªqjvi gyiwMi Rb¨ eqm‡f‡` mwVK gvÎvq kw³, Avwgl I Ab¨vb¨ cywó Dcv`vb w`‡q im` ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e| im` ˆZwi‡Z wewfbœ ai‡bi km¨`vbv, †hgb:- Mg, fzÆv BZ¨vw`, Pv‡ji Kyuov, ˆLj, ïKwUi uov, mqvweb wgj, eøvW wgj, wSYyKP~Y©, Lv`¨ jeb BZ¨vw` ªe¨ e¨eüZ nq| eqm‡f‡` cÖwZwU gyiwMi Rb¨ †h cwigvY Lv‡`¨i cÖ‡qvRb Zv mieivn bv Ki‡j mwVK Drcv`b cvIqv hv‡e bv| gyiwMi Lv`¨ DcKiY¸‡jv AvbycvwZK nv‡i I mwVK wbq‡g wgkªY K‡i mwVK c×wZ‡Z LvIqv‡Z n‡e|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-5.2

eûwbe©vPbx cÖkœ 1| †Kvb ai‡bi gyiwM‡K 19-72 mßvn ch©šÍ †ikb w`‡Z nq? K) †`wk L) †jqvi

M) eªqjvi N) †jqvi †MÖvqvi

2| †KvbwU †_‡K LwbR c`v_© cvIqv hvq?

K) Mg L) cvg I‡qj M) nuv‡oi ¸ov N) mwilvi ˆLj wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU c‡o 3 I 4bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: Avg‡kvjv MÖv‡g Bwgi GKwU eªqjvi I GKwU †jqvi gyiwMi Lvgvi Av‡Q| eªqjvi Lvgv‡i 100wU 2 mßvn eq‡mi ev”Pv gyiwM Av‡Q|

3| 0-4 mßvn ch©šÍ eq‡mi gyiwM‡K cÖ vb Kiv nq- i) wZ‡ji ˆLj 13% ii) ïUwK gv‡Qi ¸ov 18% iii) mqvweb †Zj 2% wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii 4| gyiwMi im‡` e¨eüZ Lv`¨ DcKib- i) Mg, f‚Æv, f‚wm ii) mqvweb †Zj, wZ‡ji †Zj iii) nv‡oi ¸ov, m~h©-g~Lx exR, kvgyK

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii

I‡cb ¯‹zj GmGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

c„ôv 74 evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

• nuv‡mi Lv`¨

D‡Ïk¨

G cvV †k‡l Avcwb- • nuv‡mi Lv`¨vf¨vm m¤ú‡K© ej‡Z cvi‡eb| • eqm‡f‡` nuv‡mi im‡` cÖ‡qvRbxq cywó Dcv`v‡bi gvÎv wjL‡Z cvi‡eb| • wewfbœ Lv`¨ DcKi‡Yi mvnv‡h¨ wewfbœ eq‡mi nuv‡mi im`B wKfv‡e ˆZwi Ki‡Z nq Zv eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| • eqm‡f‡` nuv‡mi ˆ`wbK Lv`¨ MÖn‡Yi cwigvY D‡jøL Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

gyL¨ kã nuvm, Lv`¨vf¨vm, me©f~K, nuv‡mi im`, cÖviw¤¢K im`, e„w×i im`, †jqvi ev weªWvi im`, Lv`¨ MÖnY|

nuv‡mi Lv`¨vf¨vm

nuvm me©f‚K cvwL| Giv GgbKx Z…YjZv Ges Lvev‡ii Dw”Qóvsk †L‡qI fv‡jv Drcv`b w`‡Z mÿg| Giv `je× I RjPi cvwL| ZvB Lvj-wej, cyKzi, nvIi-evIi, b`x BZ¨vw`‡Z `‡j wePiY K‡i †QvU †QvU RjR Dw™¢ I A‡giæ`Ûx cÖvYx, †hgb:- kvgyK, wSbyK BZ¨vw` †L‡q Abvqv‡m †eu‡P _vK‡Z cv‡i| wKš‘ LvgviwfwˇZ AwaK gvsm I wWg Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ nuvm cyl‡Z n‡j Gme Lv‡`¨i m‡½ m¤ú~iK Lv`¨I mieivn Ki‡Z n‡e| nuvm ﮋ Lv`¨ †L‡Z cv‡i bv| ZvB nuv‡mi Lvev‡ii m‡½ cÖPzi cwigv‡Y cvwb mieivn Ki‡Z nq| G‡`i‡K memgq †fRv I uov Lv`¨ †`qv DwPZ| wWg †_‡K †dvUvi ci cÖ_g 8 mßvn nuvm‡K B‡”Qg‡Zv †L‡Z †`qv DwPZ| cieZx©‡Z w`‡b `yÕevi im` mieivn Ki‡jB P‡j| nuv‡mi ev”Pv‡K R‡b¥i ci cÖ_g `yÕGKw`b nv‡Z Zz‡j LvIqv‡Z nq hv‡Z K‡i ev”Pviv Lvevi LvIqv wkL‡Z cv‡i|

nuv‡mi im` wewfbœ Lv`¨ DcKiY wgwkÖZ K‡i gyiwMi g‡Zv nuv‡miI im` ˆZwi Kiv hvq| gyiwMi g‡Zv nuv‡mi im‡`i wewfbœ ai‡b cywó Dcv`vb, †hgb:- Avwgl, kK©iv, † œnc`v_©©, wfUvwgb I LwYRc`v_© mwVK gvÎvq mieivn Ki‡Z n‡e| eqm‡f‡` nuvm‡K 3-4 ai‡bi im` cÖ vb Kiv nq, †hgb:- ev”Pvi cÖviw¤¢K im` (0-2 mßvn eqm ch©šÍ), e„w×i im` (3-8 mßvn eqm ch©šÍ), †jqvi/weªWv‡ii Rb¨ e„w×i im` (9-20 mßvn eqm ch©šÍ) I †jqvi/weªWvi ev mgvwßi im` (21 mßvn eqm †_‡K evwK mgq ch©šÍ)| nuv‡mi †ik‡b Kx cwigvY kw³ I cywó Dcv`vb _vKv DwPZ Zv mviwY 08-G †`qv n‡q‡Q| ZvQvov mviwY 09 I 10-G e¨envwiK †¶‡Î wewfbœ Lv`¨`ªe¨ w`‡q ˆZwi yÕwU im` †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q| G¸‡jv AbymiY K‡i nuv‡mi Lv`¨ ˆZwi Kiv hvq| gvsm Drcv`bKvix nuv‡mi †¶‡Î cÖviw¤¢K im` †`qvi ci e„w× im` ïiæ Ki‡Z nq Ges evRviRvZKi‡Yi c~e© ch©šÍ GB im` mieivn Ki‡Z nq| gvs‡mi Rb¨ e¨eüZ nuv‡mi evwYwR¨K RvZ/DcRvZ¸‡jv 8-10 mßv‡ni †fZi evRviRvZ Kiv n‡q _v‡K| Z‡e, G‡`‡k †ewkifvM †ÿ‡ÎB gvs‡mi Rb¨ wKQzUv eq®‹ nuvm e¨venvi Kiv nq| Ab¨w`‡K, wWgcvov ev †jqvi I cÖRb‡bi nuvm¸‡jv‡K 20 mßvn ch©šÍ e„w×i im` w`‡q AZtci †jqvi/weªWvi im` imeivn Kiv hvq|

cvV-5.3

K…wl wkÿv BDwbU 5

K…wl-DcKiYt M„ncvwjZ cï-cvwLi Avevmb I Lv`¨ c„ôv 75

mviwY 08: wewfbœ eq‡mi nuv‡mi im‡` cÖ‡qvRbxq cywó Dcv`v‡bi gvÎv

kw³/cywó Dcv`vb cÖviw¤¢K im` (0-2 mßvn)

e„w×i im` (3-8 mßvn)

†jqvi/weWv‡ii e„w×i im` (9-20 mßvn)

†jqvi/weªWvi im` (21 mßvn-evwK mgq)

wecvKxq kw³ (wK‡jv K¨vjwi/ †KwR Lv`¨)

2,750 2,750 2,700 2,600

Avwgl (%) 20 18 15 18 K¨vjwmqvg (%) 0.80 0.80 0.80 2.5 dmdivm (%) 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45

Drm: Shrivastav and Panda (1982). Farmers’ Journal, India.

mviwY 09: wewfbœ Lv`¨ DcKiY w`‡q ˆZwi wewfbœ eq‡mi nuv‡mi im`

Lv`¨ DcK‡i‡Yi bvg

cÖviw¤¢K im` (%) e„w×i im` (%) †jqvi/weªWvi im` (%)

fyÆvi uov 30 30 30 av‡bi Kzuov 20 22.5 25.0 ˆLj 27.5 20.0 20.5 gv‡Qi uov 10.0 8.0 10.0 Pv‡ji Ly 10.0 17.0 10.0 kvgy‡Ki uov − − 2.0 LwbR jeY 2.5 2.5 2.5 wfUvwgb we2, wW3 0.025 0.025 0.025

we‡kl `ªóe¨: nvu‡mi im` ˆZwi‡Z mviwY 10-Gi Lv`¨ DcKiY¸‡jvi cv‡k D‡jøwLZ gvÎvi †ewk e¨envi Kiv hv‡e bv| im` Ggbfv‡e ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e hv‡Z nuv‡mi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq kw³ I cywó Dcv`vb im‡` we`¨gvb _v‡K|

Drm: DAS, S.K. (1994). Poultry Production, CBS Publishers & Distributors, India p. 211.

mviwY 10: eqm‡f‡` nuv‡mi Rb¨ wewfbœ ai‡bi im`

Lv`¨`ª‡e¨i bvg cÖviw¤¢K im` (0-2 mßvn)

e„w×i im` (3-8 mßvn)

†jqvi/weªWv‡ii e„w×i im` (9-20

mßvn)

†jqvi/weªWvi im` (21 mßvn-evwK

mgq) fyÆv (%) 43.0 45.0 33.69 31.89 Pv‡ji uov (%) 20.0 20.0 40.0 35.0 M‡gi uov (%) 5.0 9.0 10.0 − ev`v‡gi ˆLj (%) − − − − m~h©gyLxi ˆLj (%) 7.0 5.0 5.0 11.50 mwilvi ˆLj (%) 7.0 5.0 5.0 11.50 wZ‡ji ˆLj (%) − − − − fyÆvi gq`v (%) 7.0 5.0 − − gv‡Qi uov (%) 10.0 5.0 − −

I‡cb ¯‹zj GmGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

c„ôv 76 evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

Lv`¨`ª‡e¨i bvg cÖviw¤¢K im` (0-2 mßvn)

e„w×i im` (3-8 mßvn)

†jqvi/weªWv‡ii e„w×i im` (9-20

mßvn)

†jqvi/weªWvi im` (21 mßvn-evwK

mgq) nv‡oi uov (%) 0.5 0.60 0.70 0.75 jeY (%) 0.25 0.25 0.20 0.75 †Kvwjb †K¬vivBW (%) 0.02 0.05 0.30 5.0 wfUvwgb-wgbv‡ij wcªwg· (%) 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11

eqm‡f‡` Lv`¨ MÖnY gyiwMi g‡Zv nuvmI cÖwZw`b GKwU wbw ©ó cwigvY Lv`¨ MÖnY K‡i I wbw`©ó cwigvY IRb jvf K‡i| mviwY 11-G cÖwZw`b eqm‡f‡` cÖwZwU nuvm KZUzKz Lv`¨ MÖnY K‡i Zv †`qv n‡q‡Q| Z‡e, nuv‡mi RvZ ev DcRv‡Zi Ici wbf©i K‡i Lv`¨ MÖn‡Yi cwigv‡Yi ZviZg¨ NU‡Z cv‡i| mviwY 11t eqm‡f‡` nuv‡mi Lv`¨ MÖn‡Yi cwigvY

eqm (mßvn) Lv`¨ MÖnY (MÖvg/nuvm/w`b) 01 15 02 25 03 30 04 35 05 40 06 45 07 50 08 55

09-20 85 21-evwK mgq 125

wkÿv_©xi KvR nuv‡mi Lvgv‡i AwaK wWg Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ GKw`b eqm †_‡K ïiæ K‡i wWgcvov ch©šÍ wK wK im` ˆZwi Ki‡Z nq Ges D³ im‡` kw³ I wewfbœ cywó Dcv`v‡bi gvÎv wK n‡e Zv wb‡q wkÿv_©xiv `jMZfv‡e †kÖwYK‡ÿ Av‡jvPbv Ki‡e|

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mvims‡ÿc

nuvm me©f‚K cvwL| Giv `je×fv‡e Lvj-wej, cyKzi, nvIi-evIi, b`x BZ¨vw`‡Z wePiY K‡i RjR Dw™¢ I A‡giæ`Ðx cÖvYx †L‡q †eu‡P _vK‡Z cv‡i| Z‡e nuvm †_‡K AwaK gvsm I wWg †c‡Z n‡j G¸‡jvi m‡½ m¤ú~iK Lv`¨I mieivn Ki‡Z n‡e| wewfbœ Lv`¨ DcKiY wgwkÖZ K‡i gyiwMi g‡Zv nuv‡miI im` ˆZwi Kiv nq| eqm‡f‡` nuvm‡K 3-4 ai‡bi, †hgb:- ev”Pvi cÖviw¤¢K im`, e„w×i im`, †jqvi ev weªWv‡ii Rb¨ e„w×i im` Ges mgvwßi im` cÖ vb Kiv nq| gyiwMi g‡Zv nuvm‡KI eqm‡f‡` ˆ`wbK cÖ‡qvRbxq cwigvY im` mieivn Ki‡Z nq|

K…wl wkÿv BDwbU 5

K…wl-DcKiYt M„ncvwjZ cï-cvwLi Avevmb I Lv`¨ c„ôv 77

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-5.3

eûwbe©vPbx cÖkœ

1| 9 mßv‡n eq‡mi nuv‡mi †ik‡b †h me Dcv`vb _v‡K- i) Pv‡ji ¸ov kZKiv 40 fvM ii) M‡gi ¸ov kZKiv 10 fvM iii) mwilvi ˆLj kZKiv 7 fvM wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K) i I ii L) ii I iii

M) i I iii N) i, ii I iii

wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU c‡o 2bs I 3bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: mvnviv Av³v‡ii GKwU nuv‡mi Lvgvi Av‡Q| wZwb Lvgv‡i 100wU ev”Pv nuvm‡K cÖwZw`b Lvevi cwi‡ekb K‡ib| 2| mvnviv 5g mßv‡n Zuvi Lvgv‡i KZ †KwR Lv`¨ mieivn Ki‡eb| K) 3 L) 4 M) 5 N) 6 3| eqm 8 mßvn cvi n‡q †M‡j nuvm‡K cÖwZw`b Lv`¨ mieivn Ki‡Z n‡e- i) mKv‡j ii) weKv‡j iii) mܨvq wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K) i I ii L) i I iii

M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii

I‡cb ¯‹zj GmGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

c„ôv 78 evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

• M„ncvwjZ cïi Avevmb

D‡Ïk¨

G cvV †k‡l Avcwb- • M„ncvwjZ cïi A_©vr Mevw`cïi Avevmb wK Zv ej‡Z cvi‡eb| • Mevw`cïi Avevmb ev evm ’vb ˆZwii D‡Ïk¨ wjL‡Z cvi‡eb| • Mvfxi Avevm‡bi Rb¨ ’vb wbe©vPb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| • GKwU fv‡jv †Mvkvjv wbg©v‡Yi kZ© ‡jv eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| • †Mvkvjvq Mvfxi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq RvqMvi cwigvY D‡jøL Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

gyL¨ kã M„ncvwjZ cky ev Mevw`cï, Avevmb, †Mvkvjv, ’vb wbe©vPb, †Mvkvjvi cwimi, †Mvkvjv

wbg©v‡Yi kZ©|

M„ncvwjZ cï A_©vr Mevw`cïi my ’¨fv‡e †eu‡P _vKv Ges Zvi †_‡K AwaK cwigv‡Y gvsm, ya I kw³ Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ AwaKZi Avivg`vqK cwi‡e‡k cï‡K AvkÖq `vb Kiv‡K M„ncvwjZ cïi Avevmb e‡j|

AZGe Mevw`cïi _vKv, LvIqv I wekÖv‡gi Rb¨ †h Avivg`vqK Ni ˆZwi Kiv nq ZvB evm ’vb ev †Mvkvjv| Mevw`cïi evm ’vb ev †Mvkvjvi A‡bK myweav i‡q‡Q| †Mkvjvq GKK ev `jMZfv‡e Mevw`cï cvjb Ki‡j e¨e ’vcbv A‡bK mnR nq I Drcv`b LiP K‡g hvq| Z‡e †Mvkvjvq Mevw`cï‡K memgq Ave× bv †i‡L gv‡S g‡a¨ †MvPvi‡Yi Rb¨ A_©vr gy³fv‡e Nvm LvIqv‡bvi Rb¨ evB‡i wb‡q †M‡j G‡`i ¯v ’ fv‡jv _v‡K|

Mevw`cïi Avevm‡bi D‡Ïk¨ • Mevw`cï‡K Avkªq I wekÖvg †`qv| • G‡`i Rb¨ Avivg`vqK cwi‡ek m„wó Kiv| • ˆewi ev Lvivc AvenvIqv †_‡K iÿv Kiv| • KxUcZ½ I eb¨cÖvYxi AvµgY †_‡K iÿv Kiv| • Mf©eZ©x, cÖm~wZ I evQz‡ii mwVK cwiPP©v Kiv| • Mevw`cï †_‡K AwaK ya I gvsm Drcv`b Kiv| • Mevw`cï‡K †Pvi-WvKv‡Zi nvZ †_‡K iÿv Kiv| • Lv`¨ I cvwb mieivn mwVK I mnR Kiv| • wbweofv‡e Mevw`cïi hZœ †bIqv| • `ÿZvi m‡½ `ya †`vnb Kiv| • mgqg‡Zv †ivMe¨vwai wPwKrmv Kiv| • mn‡R †Mvkvjv cwi®‹vi Kiv| • Mevw`cïi †ivMcÖwZ‡iva I wbqš¿Y Kiv| • †Mvei I Ab¨vb¨ eR© msiÿY Kiv| • Mevw`cï‡K kvšÍ ivLv| • Mevw`cïi Drcv`b LiP Kgv‡bv|

Mvfxi Avevm‡bi Rb¨ ’vb wbe©vPb Mevw`cïi, †hgb:- `y»eZx Mvfxi Avevm‡bi Rb¨ ¯’vb wbe©vPb AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© welq| mwVK ’vb wbe©vP‡bi Ici Lvgv‡ii jvf-†jvKmvb A‡bKvs‡k wbf©i K‡i| Mvfxi msL¨v I g~ja‡bi Ici wbf©i K‡i G‡`i Avevmb| Kv‡RB Mvfxi Avevmb ev evm¯’vb Ggb RvqMvq ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e, †hLv‡b wb¤œwjwLZ myweav¸‡jv we`¨gvb _v‡K|

cvV-5.4

K…wl wkÿv BDwbU 5

K…wl-DcKiYt M„ncvwjZ cï-cvwLi Avevmb I Lv`¨ c„ôv 79

• evm ’v‡bi ’vbwU DuPz, ﮋ I eb¨vgy³ n‡Z n‡e| • evRvi, gnvmoK I †jvKvjq †_‡K wKQzUv `~‡i nIqv fv‡jv| • †Mvkvjv DËi-`wÿYgyLx nIqv fv‡jv| • hvZvqvZ e¨e ’v fv‡jv n‡Z n‡e| • we`y r I cvwb mieiv‡ni myweav _vK‡Z n‡e| • †Mvkvjv ev Lvgvi GjvKvi cvwb wb®‹vkb e¨e ’v fv‡jv _vK‡Z n‡e| • †Mvkvjvq †hb m~‡h©i Av‡jv c‡o †mw`‡K †Lqvj ivL‡Z n‡e| • `ya, gvsm I LvgviRvZ `ªe¨ evRviRvZ Kivi myweav _vK‡Z n‡e| • †Mvkvjvi Pvicvk me mgq cwi®‹vi-cwi”Qbœ ivL‡Z n‡e| • Mvfxi Rb¨ mylg Lv`¨ I weï× cvwb mieiv‡ni myweavi welqwU gv_vq ivL‡Z n‡e| • fwel¨‡Z Lvgvi eo Kivi my‡hvM _vK‡Z n‡e|

wPÎ: 5.4.1: Miæi Avevmb

Mvfxi evm ’vb Mvfxi evm ’vb‡K †Mvkvjv e‡j| Aek¨ GwU †Mvqvj Ni bv‡gI cwiwPZ| Avi hviv Mvfx cvjb K‡i `y‡ai e¨emv K‡ib Zv‡`i e‡j †Mvqvjv| Kv‡RB Mvfx, †Mvkvjv, `ya I †Mvqvjvi g‡a¨ GKwU Mfxi m¤úK© i‡q‡Q| †Mvkvjvi AvKvi Mvfxi msL¨vi Dci wbf©i K‡i| Mvfxi msL¨v 10-Gi Kg n‡j GK mvwiwewkó Ni Ges 10 ev Z‡ZvwaK n‡j `yB mvwiwewkó Ni ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e| †Mvkvjv ˆZwii kZ©mg~n Mvfx cvj‡bi Rb¨ †Mvkvjv wbg©v‡Y wb¤œwjwLZ welq¸‡jv we‡ePbv Ki‡Z n‡e| h_v:- • †Mvkvjv ev †Mvqvj NiwU gReyZ I †UKmB `ªe¨mvgMÖx w`‡q wbg©vY Ki‡Z n‡e| • wbg©vYmvgMÖx¸‡jv mnRjf¨ I m Ív nIqv PvB| • †Mvkvjvi †g‡S †h `ªe¨mvgMÖx w`‡q wbg©vY Kiv †nvK bv †Kb, Zv Aek¨B ﮋ n‡Z n‡e| • wbg©v‡Yi mgq †Lqvj ivL‡Z n‡e †hb G‡Z Mvfxi Avivg-Av‡qk, wekªvg I e¨vqvg Kivi Rb¨ cª‡qvRbxq RvqMv

_v‡K| • †MvkvjvwU Ggbfv‡e wbgv©Y Ki‡Z n‡e †hb Zv‡Z mn‡RB cÖPzi Av‡jv-evZvm PjvPj Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges Zvc I

Av`ª©Zv mn‡RB wbqš¿Y Kiv hvq| • †Mvkvjv KL‡bvB †Kvbµ‡gB mu vZ‡mu‡Z nIqv Pj‡e bv| G‡Z Mvfxi wewfbœ ai‡bi ciRxexRwbZ I

RxevYyNwUZ †iv‡M AvµvšÍ nIqvi m¤¢vebv _vK‡e| • GwU Ggbfv‡e wbg©vY Ki‡Z n‡e †hb Zv‡Z e„wói cvwb cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z bv cv‡i| • †Mvkvjv Ggbfv‡e wbg©vY Ki‡Z n‡e †hb Mvfxi Rb¨ wbivc` AvkÖq ’j nq|

I‡cb ¯‹zj GmGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

c„ôv 80 evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

†Mvkvjvi cwimi, cÖ‡qvRbxq wRwbmcÎ I Mvfxi cÖ‡qvRbxq RvqMv • †Mvkvjvi D”PZv 2.75-3.00 wgUvi nIqv fv‡jv| • †Mvkvjv j¤vq 45-60 wgUv‡ii †ewk bv nIqvB fv‡jv| • Mvfxi msL¨v Ges Mvfx¸‡jv GK mvwi bv `yÕmvwi‡Z _vK‡e Zvi Ici wbf©i K‡i †Mvkvjv KZUzKz cÖk¯Í n‡e Zv

wVK Ki‡Z n‡e| †Mvkvjv GK mvwiwewkó n‡j Gi cª ’ 6 wgUvi cÖk Í n‡Z cv‡i| Avi `yÕmvwiwewkó †Mvkvjvq Mvfx¸‡jv gy‡LvgywL ev wecixZgywL K‡i ivLv hvq| gy‡LvgywL cvj‡bi †ÿ‡Î †Mvkvjvi cÖ ’ 11 wgUvi Ges wecixZgywLi †ÿ‡Î 10.4 wgUvi cÖk Í n‡Z cv‡i|

• cÖwZwU Mvfxi Rb¨ †Mvkvjvq 5 eM©wgUvi RvqMvi e¨e¯’v _vK‡Z n‡e| • Lv`¨ mieiv‡ni Rb¨ †Mvkvjvq Pvwo ev Mvgjv _vK‡Z n‡e| cÖwZwU Pvwoi cwimi n‡e 1.0 wgUvi × 1.2

wgUvi| Pvwo Kbwµ‡Ui ˆZwi n‡Z cv‡i| • cvwb mieiv‡ni Rb¨ cvwbi cvÎ _vK‡Z n‡e hvi cwimi n‡e 0.3 wgUvi × 0.6 wgUvi| cvwbi cvÎI KbwµU

w`‡q cvKv K‡i ˆZwi Kiv hvq| • GQvovI †Mvkvjvq cÖwZwU Mvfxi Rb¨ AvocvZv (Chute) _v‡K †hLv‡b Mvfx †eu‡a ivLv hvq| GwU gm„Y †jvnvi

iW w`‡q gReyZ K‡i ˆZwi Kiv hvq| Avevi euvk w`‡qI ˆZwi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|

wkÿv_©xi KvR AvUwU Mvfx cvj‡bi Rb¨ †Kvb ai‡bi †Mvkvjv ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e Ges †MvkvjvwUi D”PZv, ˆ`N¨© Ges cÖ ’ KZ n‡e Zv wkÿv_©xiv `jMZfv‡e †kÖwYK‡ÿ Av‡jvPbv Ki‡e|

\

mvims‡ÿc

Mevw`cïi wekÖvg, wbivcËv Ges Avivg`vqKfv‡e _vKv-LvIqvi Rb¨ Avevmvb AwZ ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| Avevmb ev evm ’vb †Mvkvjv bv‡gI cwiwPZ| Avevm‡bi mwVK ’vb wbe©vP‡bi Ici Lvgv‡ii jvf-†jvKmvb A‡bKvs‡k wbf©ikxj| Mvfxi msL¨v I g~ja‡bi Ici wbf©i K‡i G‡`i Avevmb| Mvfxi msL¨v 10-Gi Kg n‡j GK mvwiwewkó I 10 ev Z‡ZvwaK n‡j yB mvwiwewkó †Mvkvjv ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e| Mvfxi Rb¨ †Mvkvjvq 5 eM©wgUvi RvqMvi e¨e ’v _vK‡Z n‡e|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-5.4

eûwbe©vPbx cÖkœ t 1| †Mv-kvjvq cÖwZwU Mvfxi Rb¨ wK cwigvb RvqMv ivL‡Z n‡e? K) 2 eM©wgUvi L) 3 eM©wgUvi M) 4 eM©wgUvi N) 5 eM©wgUvi 2| Mevw` cï‡K Lvevi mieiv‡ni †ÿ‡Î- i) Pvwo/Mvgjv jvM‡e ii) cÖwZ Pvwoi cwimi n‡e 1wg. × 1.2 wg. iii) Pvwo gvwUi ˆZwi n‡Z cv‡i| wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K) i I ii L) ii I iii M) i, ii I iii

K…wl wkÿv BDwbU 5

K…wl-DcKiYt M„ncvwjZ cï-cvwLi Avevmb I Lv`¨ c„ôv 81

• Mevw`cïi Lv`¨

D‡Ïk¨

G cvV †k‡l Avcwb- � Mevw`cï‡K Lv`¨ LvIqv‡bvi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv ej‡Z cvi‡eb| � mylg Lv`¨ nIqvi c~e©kZ© ‡jv wjL‡Z cvi‡eb| � Mevw`cïi Lv‡`¨i cÖKvi‡f` D‡jøL Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| � Mvfxi mylg im` m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

gyL¨ kã Mevw`cïi Lv`¨, Lv‡`¨i cÖ‡qvRbxqZv, Mevw`cïi mylg Lv`¨, Lv`¨`ª‡e¨i cÖKvi‡f`, Mvfxi mylg im`|

Mevw`cïi Lv`¨

Avgv‡`i †eu‡P _vKvi Rb¨ †hgb Lv‡`¨i cÖ‡qvRb †Zgwb Mevw`cïi †eu‡P _vKvi Rb¨I Lv‡`¨i cÖ‡qvRb nq| ZvQvov Mevw`cï †_‡K AwaK gvsm I `ya Drcv`b Ki‡Z n‡j G‡`i‡K ¯vfvweK Lvev‡ii AwZwi³ wn‡m‡e m¤ú~iK Lv`¨ cÖ vb Ki‡Z nq| Lv‡`¨i cÖ‡qvRbxqZv ïaygvÎ †eu‡P _vKv QvovI wb¤œwjwLZ Kvi‡Y Mevw`cïi Lv‡`¨i cÖ‡qvRb| h_v:- • †`‡ni ¯vfvweK e„w× I †KvlKjvi weKvk| • Zvc I kw³ Drcv`b| • †`n msiÿY I †KvlKjvi ÿqc~iY| • `ya I gvsm Drcv`b| • cÖRbb I eske„wׇZ mÿgZv AR©b| • Mf© ’ ev”Pvi weKvk mvab|

Mevw`cïi mylg Lv`¨ †hme Lv`¨ wgkÖ‡Y Mevw`cïi ˆ`wnK cÖ‡qvRb wgUv‡bvi Rb¨ Dchy³ cwigvY I Abycv‡Z me iKg cywó Dcv`vb _v‡K †m¸‡jv‡K mylg Lv`¨ e‡j| cÖwZwU Mvfxi Rb¨ mylg Lv‡`¨i cÖ‡qvRb| KviY Lv‡`¨ wewfbœ Dcv`v‡bi mylgZvi Afve n‡j Mvfx Zvi cÖ‡qvRb Abyhvqx cywó Dcv`vb cvq bv| d‡j †`nMVb I Drcv`b ÿgZv K‡g hvq| wb¤œwjwLZ kZ© ‡jv mylg Lv`¨ nIqvi c~e©kZ©:- • GwU iæwPKi n‡e| • cwigvY I AvKv‡i mwVK n‡e| • †L‡Z my¯v`y n‡e| • `v‡g m Ív n‡e|

cvV-5.5

I‡cb ¯‹zj GmGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

c„ôv 82 evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

Mevw`cïi Lv`¨`ª‡e¨i cÖKvi‡f` Mevw`cï, we‡kl K‡i Mvfxi Lv`¨`ªe¨¸‡jv‡K wZb fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq| †hgb:- 1. AuvkRvZxq Lv`¨ (Roughage) 2. `vbv`vi Lv`¨ (Concentrates) 3. wdW A¨vwWwUfm (Feed Additives)

AuvkRvZxq Lv`¨ AuvkRvZxq Lv‡`¨ cÖPzi cwigv‡Y Auvk (Fiber) I Kg cwigv‡Y kw³ (Energy) _v‡K| †hgb− wewfbœ ai‡bi Lo, meyR Nvm, ïK‡bv Nvm ev †n, mvB‡jR BZ¨vw`| Auvkm¤§„× Nvm Mevw`cï PviYf~wg †_‡K †L‡Z cv‡i A_ev Lvgvwi/K…lK gvV ev PvlK…Z Rwg †_‡K Nvm †K‡U Mevw`cï‡K mieivn Ki‡Z cv‡i| wjwMDg ev WvjRvZxq Dw™¢‡`i Nv‡m, †hgb:- KjvB, †Lmvwi, KvDwc, Bwcj-Bwcj, Avjdv-Avjdv BZ¨vw`, mvaviY Nv‡mi Zzjbvq AwaK cwigv‡Y, Avwgl (Protein), kw³, Lv`¨cÖvY ev wfUvwgb (Vitamin) I LwYRc`v_© (Minerals) _v‡K| mvaviY Nv‡mi g‡a¨ fzÆv, †bwcqvi, Rvg©vb, c¨viv cÖf…wZ Nvm D‡jøL‡hvM¨| Ab¨vb¨ Nv‡mi Zzjvbvq Gme Nv‡mi djb cÖwZ Drcv`b A‡bK †ewk| `vbv`vi Lv`¨ `vbv`vi ev `vbvRvZxq Lv‡`¨ Kg cwigv‡Y Auvk I cÖPzi cwigv‡Y kw³ _v‡K| gvsm I `ya Drcv`bKvix Mevw`cïi †ÿ‡Î ïay AuvkRvZxq Lv`¨, A_©vr Nvm ev Lo mieivn K‡i KL‡bvB Kvw•LZ Drcv`b cvIqv hv‡e bv| †m‡ÿ‡Î AuvkRvZxq Lv‡`¨i m‡½ ch©vß cwigv‡Y `vbv`vi Lv`¨ mieivn Ki‡Z n‡e| Drm Abyhvqx `vbv`vi Lv`¨`ªe¸‡jv‡K `yÕfv‡M fvM Kiv hvq| †hgb:- K) cÖvwYR Drm: eøvWwgj, wdmwgj, wd`viwgj BZ¨vw`| L) Dw™¢¾ Drm: Mg, fzÆv, miMvg, evwj©, Ly , ˆLj, fzwk, Kuyov BZ¨vw`| wdW A¨vwWwUfm wdW A¨vwWwUfm¸‡jv wewfbœ ai‡bi wfUvwgb I LwYRc`v‡_©i Drm| kvgyK, wSYyKP~Y©, Pzbvc_i, wfUvwgb-wgbv‡ij wcÖwg· wdW A¨vwWwUW wn‡m‡e `vbv`vi Lv‡`¨i m‡½ e¨envi Kiv nq| Mvfx‡K Lv`¨ cÖ v‡bi _v¤ wbqg AuvkRvZxq, `vbv`vi I wdW A¨vwWwUfm cÖ‡qvRbg‡Zv msMÖn K‡i Mvfx‡K cwi‡ekb Ki‡Z n‡e| Mvevw`cï ev Mvfx‡K †h cwigvY Lv`¨ cwi‡ekb Ki‡Z nq Zv GK ai‡bi _v¤ wbqg (Thumb Rule) wbq‡g wbiƒcY Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| †hgb:- • cÖwZw`b GKwU Mvfx †h cwigvY †gvUv Auvkhy³ Lv`¨ †L‡Z cv‡i Zv Zv‡K †L‡Z †`qv| • cÖwZ 1.5 wjUvi ya Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ Mvfx‡K Lo I KuvPv Nv‡mi m‡½ cÖwZw`b 0.5 †KwR `vbv`vi Lv`¨ miveivn

Kiv| • ïay Lo †L‡j cÖwZ 1.25 wjUvi `ya Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ Mvfx‡K cÖwZw`b 0.5 †KwR AwZwi³ `vbv`vi Lv`¨ cÖ vb

Kiv|

cï cywó weÁv‡b cÖwZ 45.5 †KwR ˆ`wnK IR‡bi wfwˇZ im` mieiv‡ni wbqgI Pvjy Av‡Q| cÖwZ 45.5 †KwR ˆ`wnK IR‡bi Rb¨ 0.9 †KwR Auvkhy³ Lv`¨ mieivn Kiv nq| GB wbqg Abyhvqx cÖwZ 2.4 †KwRi Rb¨ 2.4 †KwR I cieZx© cÖwZ 0.9 †KwR Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ 0.23 †KwR `vbv`vi Lv`¨ mieivn Ki‡Z n‡e|

K…wl wkÿv BDwbU 5

K…wl-DcKiYt M„ncvwjZ cï-cvwLi Avevmb I Lv`¨ c„ôv 83

Mvfxi im` Ab¨vb¨ cï-cvwLi g‡Zv Mvfxi Rb¨I D‡Ïk¨ Abyhvqx wewfbœ ai‡bi im` ˆZwi Kiv nq| mviwY 12-G cÖvq 100 †KwR IR‡bi GKwU Mvfxi Rb¨ mylg im` ˆZwii GKwU bgybv †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q| GQvovI mviwY 13 I 14-G h_vµ‡g 100-150 †KwR I 200-250 †KwR IR‡bi Mvfxi Rb¨ mylg im` ˆZwii `yÕwU bgybv †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q| mviwY 12: 100 †KwR IR‡bi Mvfxi Rb¨ mylg im`

Lv`¨ DcKiY cwigvY av‡bi Lo 2.0 †KwR Kyuov 0.5 †KwR M‡gi fzwk 0.5 †KwR wZ‡ji ˆLj 0.2 †KwR BDwiqv 35.0 MÖvg wPUv¸o 0.5 MÖvg meyR Nvm 2.0 MÖvg Lv`¨ jeY 25.0 MÖvg

we‡kl `ªóe¨: `vbv`vi Lv`¨ DcKiY¸‡jvi m‡½ jeY I BDwiqv fv‡jvfv‡e wgwk‡q w`‡Z n‡e| Lo I meyR Nvm †QvU †QvU K‡i Gi m‡½ wgwk‡q LvIqv‡Z n‡e| Drm: m¤úvw`Z (1988). cïcvjb, K…wl m¤úªviY Awa`ßi, Lvgvi evwo, XvKv, c„. 35| mviwY 13: 100-150 †KwR IR‡bi Mvfxi Rb¨ mylg im`

Lv`¨ DcKiY cwigvY BDwiqvi cvwb‡Z †fRv‡bv Lo (5%) 5.0 †KwR meyR Nvm 1.0 †KwR M‡gi fzwk 1.2 †KwR aBÂv exR 0.53 †KwR Lv`¨ jeY 25.0 MÖvg

we‡kl `ªóe¨: cuvP †KwR L‡oi Dci BDwiqvwgwkÖZ cvwb fv‡jvfv‡e wQwU‡q w`‡q Ae ’vi cwi‡cÖwÿ‡Z 3-4 w`b cwjw_b w`‡q †X‡K ivL‡Z n‡e| Lo I meyR Nvm GKm‡½ LvIqv‡Z n‡e| Avi `vbv`vi Lv‡`¨i m‡½ Lv`¨ jeY wgwk‡q Avjv`vfv‡e LvIqv‡bv DwPZ|

Drm: m¤úvw`Z (1988). cïcvjb, K…wl m¤úªviY Awa`ßi, Lvgvi evwo, XvKv, c„. 35| mviwY 14: 200-250 †KwR IR‡bi Mvfxi Rb¨ mylg im`

Lv`¨ DcKiY cwigvY av‡bi Lo 3.0 †KwR meyR Nvm 6.0 †KwR BDwiqv 45.0 MÖvg M‡gi fzwk/Kzuov 2.0 †KwR wZ‡ji ˆLj 0.5 †KwR Lv`¨ jeY 40.0 MÖvg

we‡kl `ªóe¨: av‡bi Lo I meyR Nvm GKm‡½ wgwk‡q LvIqv‡Z n‡e| BDwiqv, M‡gi fzwk/Kzuov, wZ‡ji ˆLj I Lv`¨ jeY GKmv‡_ fv‡jvfv‡e wgwk‡q LvIqv‡Z n‡e|

I‡cb ¯‹zj GmGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

c„ôv 84 evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

Drm: m¤úvw`Z (1988). cïcvjb, K…wl m¤úªmviY Awa`ßi, Lvgvi evwo, XvKv, c„. 36|

wkÿv_©xi KvR wkÿv_©xiv `jMZfv‡e †kÖwYK‡ÿ 300 †KwR IR‡bi GKwU nj‡÷Bb-wd«wRqvb msKi Mvfxi Rb¨ wewfbœ Lv`¨ DcKiY AvbycvwZK nv‡i wgwk‡q mylg im` ˆZwii wnmve m¤úbœ Ki‡e|

mvivsk

Avgv‡`i †hgb Lv‡`¨i cÖ‡qvRb †Zgwb Mevw`cïi †eu‡P _vKvi Rb¨I Lv‡`¨i cÖ‡qvRb| GQvovI AwaK gvsm I `ya Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ ¯vfvweK Lvev‡ii AwZwi³ wn‡m‡e m¤ú~iK Lv`¨ cÖ vb Ki‡Z nq| Mevw`cï, we‡kl K‡i Mvfxi Lv`¨`ªe¨¸‡jv‡K wZb fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq, †hgb:- AuvkRvZxq Lv`¨, `vbv`vi Lv`¨ I wdW A¨vwWwUfm| GB wZb ai‡bi Lv`¨ cÖ‡qvRbg‡Zv msMÖn K‡i Mevw`cï ev Mvfx‡K mgqg‡Zv cwi‡ekb Ki‡Z n‡e|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-5.5

eûwbe©vPbx cÖkœ 1| iv‡dR RvZxq Lv‡`¨ cÖPzi cwigv‡b †KvbwU _v‡K? K) `vbv L) Avuk M) ‰Zj N) LwYR jeb

2| †h Lv‡`¨ Kg cwigvb Avuk I †ewk cwigv‡b kw³ cvIqv hvq Zv‡K wK e‡j? K) iv‡dR L) `vbv`vi Lv`¨ M) mvB‡jR N) ‡n

3| `vbv`vi RvZxq Lv`¨ g~jZ cÖ vb Ki‡Z nq- i) yavj Mevw`cïi †ÿ‡Î ii) gvsm Drcv`bKvix Mevw`cïi †ÿ‡Î iii) evQzi‡K | wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K) i I ii L) ii I iii M) i I iii N) i, ii I iii

K…wl wkÿv BDwbU 5

K…wl-DcKiYt M„ncvwjZ cï-cvwLi Avevmb I Lv`¨ c„ôv 85

• e¨envwiK: Mevw`cïi Lv`¨ wn‡m‡e mvB‡jR ˆZwiKiY

D‡Ïk¨

G cvV †k‡l Avcwb- • mvB‡jR ˆZwi‡Z wK wK DcKi‡Yi cÖ‡qvRb Zv wjL‡Z cvi‡eb| • Mevw`cïi Rb¨ wbR nv‡Z mvB‡jR ˆZwi Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| • mvB‡jR ˆZwi‡Z Kv‡Ri avc I mveavbZv e¨envwiK LvZvq wjL‡Z cvi‡eb|

gyL¨ kã Mevw`cïi Lv`¨, mvB‡jR, meyR Nvm, mvB‡jvwcU|

g~jZË¡:

Nv‡mi cywógv‡bi †Kvb cwieZ©b bv K‡i cPbkxj meyR Nvm cªv_wgK Ae ’vi g‡Zv K‡i msi¶Y Kiv‡K mvB‡jR e‡j| †h †gŠmy‡g meyR Nv‡mi Afve nq, †m †gŠmy‡g GB mvB‡jR e¨envi K‡i †Mv-Lv‡`¨i Afve A‡bKvs‡kB c~iY Kiv hvq| mvB‡j‡R meyR Nv‡mi gvb A¶zbœ _v‡K e‡j GwU LvIqv‡j Miæi gvsm I `ya Drcv`b ¶gZv ¯vfvweK _v‡K|

cÖ‡qvRbxq DcKiY 1. KuvPv Nvm (†hgb:- c¨viv, fzÆv, †bwcqvi, wMwb BZ¨vw`) 2. GKwU cvKv mvB‡jvwcU (3 wgUvi × 2 wgUvi × 10 wgUvi) 3. k³ cwjw_b KvMR (cª‡qvRbxq cwigvY) 4. wKQz Gu‡Uj gvwU 5. mvgvb¨ cwigvY Lo ev wb¤œgv‡bi Nvm Kv‡Ri avc 1. cÖ_‡g wbe©wPZ Nvm (†QvU n‡j m¤ú~Y© I eo n‡j †QvU †QvU K‡i †K‡U wb‡Z n‡e) mvB‡jvwc‡U †i‡L cv w`‡q

fv‡jv K‡i †P‡c †P‡c fwZ© Kiæb hv‡Z †Kvb duvK bv _v‡K| KviY, duvK w`‡q evZvm XzK‡j Nvm bó n‡q hvq| 2. KuvPv Nvm w`‡q mvB‡jvwcvU cy‡ivcywi fivi ci Zvi Dci Lo ev wb¤œgv‡bi Nvm wewQ‡q †X‡K w`b| 3. Gevi mvB‡jvwc‡Ui gyLwU cy‡ivcywi cwjw_b w`‡q †X‡K w`b| 4. cª‡qvR‡b cwjw_‡bi Dci gvwU w`‡q gvwUPvcv †`Iqv hvq| G‡Z e„wói cvwb wc‡U bv Xz‡K mn‡RB Mwo‡q †h‡Z

cv‡i| cª‡qvR‡b wc‡Ui Dci wZb-Pvi gvm Gfv‡e ivLvi ci hLb Nv‡mi Afve nq, ZLb wcU †_‡K mvB‡jR †ei K‡i Mevw`cï‡K †L‡Z w`b|

5. me‡k‡l Kv‡Ri avc¸‡jv avivevwnKfv‡e e¨envwiK LvZvq wjLyb I wUDUi‡K †`Lvb|

mveavbZv 1. mvB‡jvwcU evqy‡ivax K‡i ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e hv‡Z evZvm Xz‡K Nvm cwP‡q bv †`q| 2. Nv‡mi g‡a¨ †hb †Kvbfv‡eB cvwb XzK‡Z bv cv‡i †mw`‡K †Lqvj ivL‡Z n‡e|

cvV-5.6

I‡cb ¯‹zj GmGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

c„ôv 86 evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

P~ovšÍ g~j¨vqb

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 1. AvwRgDwÏb e‡qR nvB¯‹z‡ji 10 †kÖwYi wkÿv_©xiv †kÖwYi Kv‡Ri I e¨envwiK Kv‡Ri Ask wn‡m‡e nuvm-

gyiwMi Avevmb ˆZwii c×wZ m‡iRwg‡b †`Lvi Rb¨ mvfv‡i nuvm-gyiwMi Lvgvi cwi`k©b Ki‡jb| c‡i Zviv G m¤ú‡K© GKwU cÖwZ‡e`b wj‡L K¬v‡m Dc ’vcb Ki‡jb|

K) n¨vPvwi Ni Kx? L) nuvm-gyiwMi Lvgv‡i †Kvb †Kvb Ni ivL‡Z nq| M) wkÿv_©x‡`i †`Lv Avevmb ˆZwii c×wZi †ÿ‡Î †h D‡Ïk¨¸‡jv mvg‡b ivL‡Z nq Zv wjL| N) ÒD³ Avevmb ˆZwii †ÿ‡Î we‡kl mZ©KZv Aej¤b Kiv cÖ‡qvRbÓ- we‡kølY Kiæb| 2. bxjdvgvix †Rjvi cÂcyKzi MÖv‡gi bvRgyj mv‡n‡ei nuvm-gyiwMi Lvgv‡ii K_v †K bv Rv‡b? wZwb cÖwkwÿZ 2

Rb Kg©Pvix wb‡q wb‡RB f‚Ævi¸ov, mwilvi ˆLj, ïuUwK gv‡Qi ¸ov I mqvweb †Zj wgwk‡q eªqjvi gyiwMi Lvgv‡ii gyiwMi Rb¨ wgwkÖZ Lv`¨ ˆZwi K‡ib| bvRgyj mv‡ne e‡jb, Ò1g mßv‡n †h cwigvb Lv‡`¨i cÖ‡qvRb n‡e 8g mßv‡n Zvi †P‡q A‡bK †ewk Lv‡`¨ cÖ‡qvRb n‡e| Ó bvRgyj mv‡n‡ei Lvgv‡i eªqjvi gyiwMi msL¨v 200wU wQj|

K) gyiwMi Lvgvi cwiPvjbvq †gvU Li‡Pi kZKiv KZ fvM Lv`¨ eve` LiP nq? L) gyiwMi im` ˆZwi‡Z Lv`¨ DcKi‡bi GKwU ZvwjKv ˆZwi Kiæb| M) bvRgyj mv‡n‡ei Lv`¨ ˆZwii †KŠkj e¨vL¨v Kiæb| N) DÏxc‡K D‡jøwLZ bvRgyj mv‡n‡ei Dw³wU we‡kølY Kiæb| 3. Avg‡kvjv MÖv‡gi Rwmg I nvwmg yÕR‡b wg‡j GKwU nuv‡mi Lvgvi ˆZwii wm×všÍ †bb| hye Dbœqb †_‡K

cÖwkÿb wb‡q Zviv 3 mßvn eq‡mi 50wU Ges 8 mßvn eq‡mi 50wU nuv‡mi ev”Pv wb‡q Lvgv‡ii hvÎv ïiæ K‡ib| Zviv nuvm¸‡jv‡K cÖwZw`b mylg Lvevi cÖ vb K‡ib| eZ©gv‡b Avw_©Kfv‡e ¯”Qj Ges Zv‡`i GK Kg©KvÛ †`‡L MÖvgevmx DØy× n‡q‡Q|

K) eqm‡f‡` nuvm‡K KZ ai‡bi im` cÖ vb Kiv nq? L) nuvm‡K RjR cvwL ejv nq †Kb? M) Rwmg I nvwmg nuvm¸‡jv‡K cÖwZw`b wK cwigvb Lvevi mieivn Ki‡Zb Zv D‡jøL Kiæb| N) DÏxc‡K D‡jøwLZ LvgviwU MÖv‡gi Av_©mvgvwRK Dbœq‡bi GKwU cÖwZK we‡kølY Kiæb|

DËigvjv

DËigvjv-5.1 : 1| N 2| L 3| M 4| M DËigvjv-5.2 : 1| L 2| M 3| N 4| N DËigvjv-5.3 : 1| N 2| L 3| L DËigvjv-5.4 : 1| L 2| K DËigvjv-5.5 : 1| L 2| L 3| K