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Name Of Students:Yash Nagaria120573111002

Jaydeep Bhatt 120573111007

Chintan Mehta110570111005 

Internal Guide:

Prof. Sandip Khakhariya

Power analyzer and controller

POWER QUALITY

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Power Quality is a measure of how well a

system supports reliable operation of its loads. A

power disturbance or event can involve voltage,

current, or frequency. Power disturbances can

originate in consumer power systems, consumer

loads, or the utility .

PQ Problems are Expensive– Berkeley Lab Study Estimates $80

Billion Annual Cost of Power Interruptions … Research News, Berkeley Lab, February 2, 2005

– $50 billon per year in the USA is lost as a results of power quality breakdowns …. Bank of America Report

– A manufacturing company lost more than $3 million one day last summer in Silicon Valley when the “lights went out.” … New York Times January 2000

– “A voltage sag in a paper mill can waste a whole day of production - $250,000 loss” … Business Week, June 17,, 1996

Who is Affected?• High Cost Facilities

o Semiconductor plantso Pharmaceuticalso Data centers

• Medium Cost FacilitiesoAutomotive manufacturingoGlass plantsoPlastics & ChemicalsoTextiles

Major PQ Problems

Source: EPRI, 1994

Spikes, 7%

Sags, 56%

Outages, 6%

Swells, 31%

Sags (Dips)Associated with system faults

Switching of heavy loadsStarting of large motors

SwellsSystem fault conditions

Switching on a large capacitor bankSwitching off a large load

Cost of Voltage SagsTextile Industry

Plastics Industry

Glass Industry

Process Industry

Semiconductors

$1k

$10k

$100k

$1M

$10M

Losses per Voltage Sag Event

Source: EPRI “The Economics of Custom Power”, IEEE T&D Show 2003

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Power Monitoring Equipment

Basic power monitoring equipment consists of the following components:

1. Computers

2. Internet or intranet

3. A power meter that measures Watts, Amps, power factor, AC power,

etc.

4. Data storage facilities

What is needed for PQ Monitoring?•PQ Monitors must detect and record the 7 types of PQ problems

–Transients–Interruptions–Sag/Under Voltage–Swell/Over Voltage–Waveform Distortion–Frequency

Variations

•These include Flicker and Compliance to ITI(CBEMA), IEEE and ISO Standards

Plus they must …

• Be easy to use• Be Suitable for

continuously monitoring indoors and outdoors

• Interface with standard PQ analysis Software…PQD if format

• Be fast enough to capture high speed events that produce equipment problems

• Have enough storage to save the waveforms you need.

ITI: Information Technology Industry Council (Computer & Business Equipment Manufacturer’s Association)

Flow chart :

The below figure shows system software flow of power analyzer and controller

Microcontroller

CY8C29466 – 28 Pin PDIP/SSOP/SOIC

Device Features

• 8 Analog inputs

• 4 Analog outputs

• 24 Digital inputs/outputs

• 16 Digital Blocks (support PWM, Timer, Counter, etc.)

• 32K Bytes Flash Memory(up to 30K available for Reserved ROM)

• 2K Bytes SRAM

• I2C Slave, Master, and Multi-Master to 400KHz

• On-chip Switch Mode Pump, for operation down to 1.0V

• External reset input

Components

AC supplyIt is a transmission line which is single phase or three phase and supply is given to circuit breaker. Circuit BreakerIt is operated and controlled by processing unit, which is designed to protect load. It generally break line between ac supply and load. LoadLoad may be machine which works on single phase and three phase ac supply. Load may be sensitive which includes data center etc. Potential Transformer Potential transformer is use in our system for step down voltage as per required range. It is used for measurement voltage capabilities. It is also used to isolate power analyser from high voltage. Its accuracy is also high i.e. 2%

Components

Current Transformer Current transformer is used to measure current measurement capabilities. It is also used for isolating the power analyser from power circuit. Processing UnitIt takes input from switch, potential transformer, current transformer and gives transformer and potential transformer and if data is exceeds limits then circuit breaker will be activated. LCDIt consists of 16 rows and 2 columns of 5×7 or 5×8 LCD dot matrices. The module which is a very popular one. It is available in a 16 pin package with back light, contrast adjustment function and each dot matrix has 5×8 dot resolution.

Components

Circuit Diagram

Projects and project partner photos

Project and Circuit photos

References: [1] IEEE Standard 519-1992, "IEEE Recommended Practices and Requirements for Harmonic Control in Electric Power Systems", IEEE,New York, NY, USA, 1993. [2] IEEE, « IEEE C57.110 Recommended Practice for Establishing Liquid-Filled and Dry- Type Power and Distribution Transformer Capability When Supplying Nonsinusoidal Load Currents”, March 2008 [3] IEC 60050-161, 'International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) – Chapter 161: Electromagnetic compatibility', IEC publication, 09 – 1990Links:[1] http://www.smesauda.com/testing-instruments/other-instruments/fluke/fluke-1730-three-phase-energy-logger/1669.html?gclid=CN2XkKGp4L8CFRKTjgodxo4A8Q[2] http://www.fluke.com/fluke/inen/solutions/pq/[3] http://www.cpccorp.com/pq.htm[4] http://www.iitk.ac.in/infocell/announce/electric_power[5] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_quality[6] http://www.fluke.com/fluke/inen/solutions/energy-efficiency/default.htm[7]https://www.google.co.in/search?q=High+Cost+Facilities+industries&num=100&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ei=bVqRVNqxE8e1uQSh-YLIBg&ved=0CAkQ_AUoAg&biw=981&bih=548[8]https://www.google.co.in/search?biw=1138&bih=548&tbm=isch&sa=1&q=medium+Cost+Facilities+industries&oq=medium+Cost+Facilities+industries&gs_l=img.3...206632.207909.0.208972.6.6.0.0.0.0.633.633.5-1.1.0.cprnk%2Cekomodo%3Dtrue...0...1.1.60.img..6.0.0.i_jUPch6m1E

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