beams and columns. beams plain and r.c.c are mainly used in construction of all types of building...
TRANSCRIPT
BEAMS AND COLUMNS
PRESENTED BYK.ROSHIN RUKSHANA
BEAMSPlain and R.C.C are mainly used in
construction of all types of buildingBEAMS: Beams is a horizontal member of
structure , it bear load as it support roofs and slab and it transfer the whole weight to the column
BEAMSR.C.C. BEAM: R.C.C. beam is subjected to
bending moments and shear . The strength of the R.C.C. beams is depend on the composite action of concrete and steel .
MAIN REINFORCEMENT BARS: It used in high tenstion zone
so that concrete take the compressive stresses and steel take all the tensile stresses
TYPES OF BEAMS:DEPEND ON SUPPORTSimply supported beamFixed beamCantilever beamContinuous beamOverhanging beam
DEPEND ON SUPPORT:SIMPLY SUPPORTED BEAM: Two ends of the beam are kept
free . This type of beam is not used in practice due to the chance of rotation of beam as there is no support.
FIXED BEAM: the beams are support at both
the end by fixing it in to walls it avoid bending
DEPEND ON SUPPORT:CATILEVER BEAM: The one end is fixed to the
wall and other end is set free so top side have tension and compression zone in bottom side
It is used in slab support Eg: balcony porticoCONTINUOUS BEAM: Two or more support is given .
This beam economical for any span lengths
DEPEND ON SUPPORT:OVERHANGING BEAM: It one end is extends
beyond the wall . Unsupported end case a overhanging
DEPENDS ON REINFORCEMENTSINGLY REINFORCED BEAM: Steel bars are supported only at
one end
DOUBLY REINFORCED BEAM: Steel bars are supported
at both the side ,top and bottom
TYPES OF LOADING ON BEAMSCONCENTRATED LOAD
UNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED
UNIFORMLY VARYING LOADS
ARBITRARY LOADING
COLUMNSIt is vertical structureIt transfer load from beams and roofs
to foundationBricks , Timber , R.C.C are used as
columnEFFECTIVE LENGTH: It depend upon the
condition of end support of the column.
TYPES OF COLUMNLONG COLUMN OR SLENDER: The ratio of the effective length to
the lateral dimension of the column is >12.
Short column: The ratio of the effective
length to the least dimension is <= 12INTERMEDIATE COLUMN: Column with length that
between the short and long column
R.C.C . COLUMNThe effective length of compression member
is equal to or less than thrice the lateral dimension the member is made of plain concrete . For more than thrice the least lateral dimension the member should be of R.C.C
R.C.C . COLUMNLOAD CARRYING CAPACITY OF R.C.C. COLUMN: The percentage of steel used is large in a
column the concrete fails first. When the percent of steel is high then column will be more strong
SPIRALLY REINFORCED COLUMN: It is used for circular column
PITCH: It should not have more than1/6 of diameter of
column
PRECAUTIONS TO BE OBSERVED IN COLUMN CONSTRUCTIONProcess of constructionVertical height of concreteColumns for more than one StoreyLoad on the column of the top storey
USE OF R . C .C COLUMN: Multi-storey buildings Heavily loaded structures
STEEL COLUMN or STANCHIONSUsed in industrial structure to support the
beams and trussesIt support the girder to which the beams are
loaded
STANDARD STRUCTURAL STEEL SECTIONS:
Steel made in the factory is called Standard structureI-sectionTee-sectionZ-section etc…. that used for light loads
STEEL COLUMN or STANCHIONSThe shape of cross section of steel and
sectional area should be design carefully to avoid buckling
It should have high value of moment of inertia
BUILT-UP COLUMN SECTIONWhen two or three steel section of rolled
sheets and cover plates are connected to form a column then it is known as Built-up section
Cover plates should properly welded with main section
Thank you