Because of Poverty, Slow Development, Corruption, Disorder etc in Kerala &

India, I searched for a good model for FAST Socio-economic Development

Slides advance on Mause click

Many may think this is an old story!In August 2007, Dr. Arjun Sengupta Committee reported that

836 million Indians – over 77 percent - are poor and vulnerable surviving on a daily average expenditure of under Rs. 20 a day

(The Hindu newspaper from 8–11 June 2008)http://www.hindu.com/nic/mani_stanford.htm

14 Jul 2010 - Indian states Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Orissa, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, and West Bengal have 421 million "poor" people, a UN sponsored study

found. This is more than the 410 million poor in the poorest 26 African countries. This is measured by a new Multidimensional

Poverty Index (MPI). http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/jul/14/poverty-india-africa-oxford

On 15 Jun 2011 a survey by TrustLaw, a UK-based Foundation revealed

That India is the fourth most dangerous country for women after

Afganistan, Congo and Pakistan. All the above are a shame for the Indian legislatures who managed India all these yeras.

http://ibnlive.in.com/news/india-4th-most-dangerous-place-for-women-survey/159395-3.html Many documents can be added to prove the very bad state of India!

But any observant Indian knows these very well!

PPP, Text & Concept by: Abraham Karammel – goldpen100@gmail.com

Two Super Models of FAST Development

Singapore is world‘s most successful City for more than 25 years. It developed from 3rd world to 1st in about 25 years, thru authoritative, disciplining and

restrictive democracy by highly talented technocrats – this is called ‚Meritocracy‘; it is a type of ‘benevolent autocracy’. It also had unique

circumstances and exceptional personalities behind its success!

Porto Alegre is Brazil‘s city with the best quality of life since 2001.This city was bankrupt in 1988, spending 96% of revenue for

salaries and routine expenses. To resolve this crisis, the citystarted Participatory Budgeting (PB) in 1989. This PB evolved into

world‘s most efficient & systematic socio-economic development process, now famous as ‚Porto Alegre Innovation‘. This PB process

is suitable for villages/towns/cities of developing and developed countries.

Because of its great merits, Participatory Budgeting is adapted in about 300 local Governments in Brazil and in about 40 countries including Argentina,

Chile, China, Mexico, Paraguay, Canada, England, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, USA etc.

Why Singapore & Porto Alegre? These are two super-models from recenthistory that any one can trace. Porto Alegre is a much researched

model of our times.

Achievements of Singapore 1. World’s highest Industrial productivity $62,100 (2012)

2. Very high per capita income – about $60,000 (2012)3. World’s top clean city & a garden city for several years

4. Singapore Airlines & Airport - world’s best/top many times5. Singapore world’s 2nd busiest port; can handle 700 ships at a time6. World’s best housing policy - 80% people own their home (2010)

7. World’s highest millionaire density of 1 in 6 (2012)8. Excellent transportation system - only big city without traffic jams

9. 160 km express highways; 160 km metro; 3426 km roads (2012)10. Very efficient Water, Electricity and Telecom systems

11. Very efficient Healthcare System with only 3.5% of GDP12. World‘s lowest Infant Mortality: 1.8/1000 (2012)

13. Very efficient Education System; world‘s best in Maths & Science 14. Very few strikes & protests; unemployment rate: 2% (2010)

15. World‘s largest Oil Rig & 3rd Oil Refining industry16. Very high political stability – PAP vote share 86 to 60% (1968-2011)

17. Foreign Currency reserve 2013: $273 Billion (India: $293 Billion)18. One of the world‘s 10 least corrupt countries for over 10 years

19. World‘s top tourist & shopping city – over 14 million tourists in 201220. Rated as World‘s best managed City for 2004

21. World‘s most business friendly city for 20 years21. Top in export - $410 billion in 2012 (India $313 billion)

(German Exports in 2012: $1,493 billions) (Singapore: area 716 sq.km; Population density: ca. 7, 500/sq. km in 2013)

Singapore‘s new landmark (2012):Gardens by the Bay

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardens_by_the_Bay A 101 hectar (200 football fields) large wonderful garden

The Secret of Singapore‘s SuccessMr. Lee Kuan Yew founded Peoples‘ Action Party (PAP) in 1954

Became the 1st PM in 1959 & was chosen repeatedly as PM until 1990 Declined to be PM in 1991 & was Senior Minister from 1991 to 2004

Mr. Lee was placed as ‚Minister Mentor‘ in Aug 2004(Probably world‘s longest serving minister and only Mentor Minister – Till 14 May 2011!)

Right: Mr. Lee‘s book ‚From Third World to First‘

Mr. Lee Kuan Yew the 1st PM of Singapore is a Double 1st Class Cambridge Law Graduate Very knowledgeable, great orator & Visionary

In 1960s, during political struggle, he started planting trees in the city! On a friend’s tip, he imported fishing rods for the poor to catch fish for food!!

In 1994 he linked ministers’ salaries to that of 8 top earners in 6 top professions, to attract best brains to politics & be clean! It was fixed at 2/3 the median earnings

of lawyers, accountants, bankers, MNC CEOs, local Company CEOs and engineers. In 2008 Singapore PM’s revised salary was S$3,09 mil. or US $2.04 mil. per year!

In 2011 PM’s salary was reduced by 36% to S$2.2 mil. (US $1.9 Mil.)+Bonus!Salary now linked to 1000 top earnings of Singapore citizens – Isn’t it SMART?

US President gets only $400,000, UK PM $375,222 & French President $346,000!!

Important advice of Mr. Lee Kuan Yew

The important personality traits of his CEOs: 1. Analytical Thinking, 2. Logical understanding of Cause and Effect,

3. Concentration to the Point/Target, and 4. Imagination (known as Helicopter Qualities)

Pre-requisites for Socio-economic Development:1. A Determined Leadership, 2. Efficient Administration, and 3. Social Discipline

WARNING: A Society where the corrupt becomes rich and powerful,

and the hard-working remains poor will fail

Criticisms on Singapore

Very Authoritative ruleNo real democracy

No freedom of opinionHighly censored press

Very short lead time for electionsCompulsory voting; those do not vote lose the right

Singapore is a ‘fine-city’ (penalty-city) Very harsh punishments

Death penalty for drug smuggling & KidnappingCountry with the highest death penalty rate

Too high salaries of Singapore Ministers

PM‘s salary as reduced in 2011: S$2.2 million (US$1.7 mil.) /year

Because of the above, the uniqueness of Singapore etc,its political system is not practical in Kerala/India

But Singapore‘s Institutionalisation is worth copying!!

I read about Porto Alegre Innovation in Participatory Budgeting and collected details!1. It is a process for Infrastructure Development alone

2. It is a Ward-wise Decentralised Budgeting Process3. It is a Grass-roots upwards process

4. The yearly cyclic process evaluates, corrects and adjusts5. The process continuously improves in efficiency

6. It resolved Bankruptcy of the city in SIX YEARS7. It made Porto Alegre, Brazil‘s city with the best quality of life

in 12 years (1989-2001)!

Singapor‘s Meritocracy is excellent for High Quality Institutionalisation!

But, Singapore‘s Authoritarian Rule Is almost impossible in Kerala/India!!

Therefore, I searched further…

The Brazilian city Porto Alegre proved that„Another World is Possible“ – Fairer & more Equitable

Porto Alegre‘s Development In 12 Years – 1989-2001

(Yearly spending only 3 to 15% of City Budget for Infrastructure)

1. Pipe Water from 40 to 99% households2. Sanitation improved from 46 to 85%

3. Sewerage from 46 to 90%4. Public schools increased from 29 to 86

5. School Enrolment doubled (200%); Literacy to 98%6. 25-30 km Surfaced roads each year

7. Day-care homes increased from 2 to 1208. Public Housing from 1700 to 29,000 persons

9. Established very efficient Public Transportation10. Tax collection improved and bankruptcy resolved

11. Corruption virtually disappeared12. Citizen participation in PB process increased from

700 in 1989 to 50,000 in 20011. Rated as Brazil‘s city with the highest quality of life

(Porto Alegre: area 497 sq.km; Population density: ca. 2, 900/km² in 2008)

Porto Alegre‘s Innovative Participatory Budgeting (PB) process

1. The 497 sq. km city was divided into 16 wards. Many pre-planned minor discussion meetings and two major assemblies of the residents are held in each ward, from March thru July every year.

2. 12 infrastructure ward themes selected by experts: 1. education, 2. health, 3. housing, 4. sewage, 5. social assistance, 6. transportation & circulation, 7. pavement, 8. city organisation, 9. leisure areas, 10. sports & leisure, 11. economic development, and 12. culture. Additional 5 Infrastructure themesfor City-wide consideration: C1. Transportation & Circulation; C2. Education, Leisure & Culture; C3. Health & Social Welfare; C4. Economic Development & Taxation; and C5. City Organisation & Urban Development.

3. Residents of each ward vote to select & prioritise three Infrastructures urgently needed in each ward, from the 12 above.

4. The residents also elect two PB Councillors and two alternates from each ward and for each city-wide theme for one year. Participatory Budgeting Council (PBC) of 42 members is the most important organ in PB.

5. Infrastructures voted by residents are equitably shared among the wards, based on the population of the ward, the weight assigned to the relevant infrastructure, the volume of the infrastructure in the ward and the priority voted.

6. PBC negotiates with Mayor‘s executives & the city councillors, the adoption of priorities, implementation of projects and oversees them too.

7. Directly elected Mayer and his executives, separately elected City Council, and the Participatory Budgeting Council – three teams - work together.

(See graphics of the process on the following slides)

In 12 years, Porto Alegre became the City with the best Quality of Life in Brazil

Based on 15 factors

1. Housing, 2. Sanitation, 3. Life Expectancy,

4. Infant Mortality, 5. Hospital Beds, 6. Literacy, 7. School enrolment, 8. Standard of Higher Education,

9. Job Availability, 10. Catering Facilities, 11. Per Capita Consumption, 12. Highways, 13. Airports,

14. Climate, and 15. Criminality

A very detailed study of Porto Alegre Innovation is at:http://decwatch.wordpress.com/2011/08/19/porto-alegre-innovation-in-participatory-budgeting/

Structure of Porto Alegre City Admin&

Participatory Budgeting (PB) Process

W e a k R e la tio nsB e ca u se o f C O P

S tron g Re latio nsin 1989 -2004 asM ayo r favo ured PB

NOTE: In 2004 election, W orkers Party lost power to M ayor cand idate José Fogaça of the centris t B razilian Dem ocraticM ovem ent Party (PM DB). The new adm inis tration c reated a system called Local Solidarity Governance. The new programwas designed as a m ixed private-public in itiative charged w ith crea ting para llel projects to those im p lem ented by PB .Activists now accuse Fogaça's adm inistration of cred iting the Local So lidarity G overnance for projects acquired th rough thecom m unity-driven PB. T he 05 O ct 2008 election did no t give a clear winner, M r.Fogaça won 2nd round on 26.10.2008.

M ayorD irectly E lected for 4 yearsU sually from Political Party

(W orkers Party from 1 9 89 -20 0 4)

Council of Participatory Budget (CO P)E lected in w ard m eetings for O NE Y EAR

R epresents NG O s & Civ il SocietyH onorary W ork

CouncillorsD irectly E lected for 4 yearsM ostly from Political Parties

(U nhappy of COP's I nfl uence)

I n frastructure Developm ent I n Yearly Cycles

(Using about 20% of City Budget)

City I nvestm ent andService P lan Docum ent

(T he M ost I m portant PBD ocum ent availab le to the public)

Tw o M ajor W ard AssembliesSeveral Neighbourhood M eetings

(Discussion, Prioritisation & Election of CO P)

E lected by the people

Socio-economic Problems

When socio-economy is NOT managed well,Unemployment, Poverty, Diseases, Suicides, Homicides,

Destitution, Migration etc become acute!?

Then, every action to solve themShould be very careful, deliberte, and balanced.

Success models should be adapted to save time, effort and errors!

Copying is the easiest, quickest, most economicalAnd a very efficient way of doing things!

Computers, cars, Jumbo-jets and human beings are copies.

Copies can be even better than the original or worse!!Decisive points in copying: 1. Essential Adaptations should be

made to make it feasible in a different situation;

and 2. Important Elements should not be dropped out at all

Today, for about 95 percent of the problems in the world,several solutions are available somewhere!!

Photos Curtsy, Singapore Tourism Board, Goethe Institute Porto Alegre, & Ms. Leia B. BagesteiraPPP, Text & Concept by: Abraham Karammel – goldpen100@gmail.com

Two Success Stories – Both highlight Effective Local Involvement

Indian State Andhra Pradesh shows the way Social audits in Andhra Pradesh covering 12 million people is a brilliant

example of civil society action enriching mainstream politics“Political support has, of course, been a necessary but by no means sufficient

condition. Two other novel features have turned the tide. One, the use of Information Technology (IT) and the other, the role of civil society. All stages

of NREGA work, from registration of workers to issue of job cards, preparation of work estimates, muster rolls and payments to workers have been

computerised. With strong administrative backing and robust social audit, this IT system frees information from the shackles of power and privileged

access.” (From Article by: Mihir Shah & Pramathesh Ambasta – The Hindu 2008.09.08)

http://www.hindu.com/2008/09/08/stories/2008090856271000.htm

A mission that’s possible Community-based monitoring has laid bare the inadequacies of the primary

health care system in Indian State Maharashtra “The National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) was introduced in 2005 to improve health care in poor areas with an enhanced funding mechanism. More than the mission itself, it is the community-based monitoring component introduced in

Maharashtra in April 2007, which has emerged as a means of correcting institutionalised deficiencies.”

(From Article by: Meena Menon - The Hindu – 2008.09.11)

http://www.hindu.com/2008/09/11/stories/2008091155361100.htm

4 Model Indian Panchayats

1. Religan Siddhi (Maharashtra) - Sri. Anna Hazare

Area: 982.3 hector. No. of Households: 394 in 2001; Population: 2306 (Two thousand three hundred six)

The small draught ridden village had poverty, unemployment, alcoholism etc. Many residents deserted it for jobs. In 1975 Anna Hazare, a retired Indian Army driver, started

dedicated developmental work in the village.

Five principles (‘Panchasuthri’) adopted by Anna Hazare: 1.1. Voluntary Free Labour,

1.2. Family Planning, 1.3. Ban on Tree Cutting, 1.4. Ban on Liquor, and 1.5. Ban on open free Grazing.

In a few years, the village became self sufficient and a model for Indian villages.Maharashtra gov’t started a project of 300 model villages with Sri Anna Hazare/Popet Pawar

as project officers. 100 villages were selected and work started. Lately, the state gov’t stopped funding it.

Status in 2007: Infant Mortality: 27.42/1000; High School Completion: 85%

Sri. Anna Hazare has been honored by 20 National & International awards.http://www.annahazare.org/ralegan-siddhi.html - Anna Hazare org

http://www.rainwaterharvesting.org/Rural/Ralegan.htm - Good & brief article

2. Hiware Bazar (Maharashtra) – Sri. Popat Pawar (1st Successful copy of Relegan Siddhi)

No. of Households in 1990-95:180; Below Poverty Line (BPL): 168 (93%)No. of BPL households during 2002-2010: 11 out of 210.

Per capita income: Rs. 832 (1994); Rs. 24,893 (2007) Increase 30 times! This village had the same problems as Relegan Siddhi. In 1994 Popat Pawar, an M.Com

graduate persuaded by residents, stood for and won Panchayat President election. He started dedicated developmental work copying Relegan Siddhi. In a few years Hiware

Bazar superseded Religan Sidhi in development.

(Continued on next slide)

4 Model Indian Panchayats (continued)

3. Kuthambakkam (Tamil Nadu) - Sri. Elango RangaswamiArea: 36 square kilometers; about 700 acres of wetland and 1100 acres of dry land. 

PROBLEMS: .1. Illicit arrack brewing and easy illicit liquor,

2. Caste clashes between dalits and non dalits, 3. Inadequate safe drinking water, drainage and internal roads, 4. No regular income due to unemployment

5. No assurance to food, and 6. Violence against women and children existed.In 1996, Sri. Elango Rangaswamy, an M.Tech. graduate became the

PresidentHe started dedicated developmental work as below:

1. Eradication of illicit arrack liquor trade, 2. Low cost mud-block housing scheme,

3. Roads and street lighting, 4. Rain water harvesting and water supply

5. Self-help Groups (SHGs), 6. Literacy and Education

7. Employment Generation thru small scale rural industries

And 8. Information Centre and Computer Education Centre

Mr. Elango organized a cluster of villages for mutual help and cooperation.

The cluster managed to produce about 80% of their requirements.FINALLY, the Panchayat set up an institute to train

local self-government administrators (like Kerala’s KILA)(See Week Man of the Year 2013:

http://week.manoramaonline.com/cgi-bin/MMOnline.dll/portal/ep/theWeekSectionView.do?programId=1073755753&tabId=13&BV_ID=@@@&categoryId=-210801)

4 Model Indian Panchayats (continued)

4. Adat (Trissur district, Kerala) - Sri. Anil Akkara

Area: 23.02 sq. km. Wards: 18; Population: 23441; Density: 1018; Literacy: 92.7 (2001)

1. Won 8 times the Swaraj trophy for best Grama Panchayat. 2. Won 3rd place in ‘Green Kerala Express’ Social Reality Show competition in

2010 for its Bio-village (‘Jaivagramaam’) project. 3. Got national Nirmal award for full sanitation.

4. National award for groundwater amplification through rain harvesting. 5. Puzhakal River of Adat was cleaned, and Kashmiri shikara boats and other

boats await tourists under the village tourism project.6. Implemented the Universal Health Insurance Scheme of the Union government. About 3,500 BPL families and 1,000 APL families are under

the scheme and won the first Health Security Panchayat Award in the State.

7. Switched to organic farming preventing contamination of 3,000 acres of Kol wetlands. Earlier, these fields annually consumed 1.5 tones of highly toxic Furadan pesticide. Acquired geographical Indication patent for Adat Rice.

The Panchayat sells about 20 tones of Adat Rice and over 3,000 kg of Kerasree organic Coconut Oil every month.

--------------------=====----------------------

‘Malayalam’ Video-Clips on Adat from Green Kerala Express Social Reality Show: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mzlxH4s6nas -Episode-1-1;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DQuGxVIgG9g-Episode-99-1

(Please WATCH the follow on EPISODES on RIGHT HAND SIDE in YouTube)

Adat Panchayat in news: http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/adat-panchayat-shows-the-way/article4636058.ece

The Mellennium Development Goals (MDG)

1. Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger2. Achieve universal primery education

3. Promote gender equality and empower women4. Reduce child mortality rate5. Improve maternal health

6. Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases7. Ensure environmental sustainability

8. Develop global partnership for development

The UN reviewed the MDG‘s progress in September 2010And found that the MDG will not be met in 2015!?

What can be done?

Porto Alegre‘s Innovative PB has PROVED thatIt is the BEST process for FAST Socio-economic

Development!

If ‚Innovative PB‘ is Adapted in more countries, it will change the world!