becoming a world powerssahistory.weebly.com/uploads/3/8/0/7/38073261/chapter... · 2018. 9. 10. ·...
TRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 18
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What reasons could a country have for wanting control over other nations? Discuss with your tables and be prepared to answer.
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Define imperialism.
Analyze the reasons that a country would engage in the policy of imperialism.
Describe early American imperialism.
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Five of the motives for imperialism are hanging up around the room. You should go to each station to fill out the first three columns of your Motives for Imperialism sheet. Then you will return to your desk and answer the question in the last column for each motive.
You have 15 minutes to complete this task.
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Policy by which strong nations extend their political, military, and economic control over weaker territories
Extractive – remove raw materials & ship to the home country
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Economic – Raw materials, markets for finished products, fuel industrial revolution
Political – Strengthened your country’s power/prestige in the world
Military – Needed stronger military to protect growing interests and trade; provided bases
Social – Belief in racial, national and cultural superiority ◦ Social Darwinism – only the fittest survive ◦ Humanitarian – spread Christianity and western ideals ◦ Turner – west was a “safety valve” but now closed; needed
outlets (Manifest Destiny)
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America keeps to itself ◦ George Washington ◦ Monroe Doctrine
Didn’t need resources but needed markets
Alfred T. Mahan urges a strong navy & acquisition of foreign bases
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Matthew Perry enters Tokyo Bay & opens up trade with Japan
Set precedent for further expansion
William Seward purchases Alaska for $7.2 million ◦ Seward’s Folly (Icebox) ◦ Rich in timber, ore, oil
Increased trade with Latin America ◦ Pan American Highway
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U.S. acquires Hawaii
Planters had large investments – sugar cane, pineapple (Dole)
Overthrew Hawaiian Queen – Liliuokalani (strong Hawaiian nationalist) ◦ She had resisted American control
◦ Eventually annexed
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If you had been President in 1894, would you have supported or opposed the annexation of Hawaii? Give reasons for your answer.
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Cubans rebel against Spanish rule ◦ Jose Marti – rebel ◦ Thousands put into
concentration camps; starved, died of disease
◦ Guerillas often rely on locals ◦ Many Americans sympathized
with rebels
Yellow Press ◦ Hearst & Pulitzer printed
sensational and inflammatory stories to sell papers
◦ Led to widespread anti-Spanish feeling; jingoism – strong U.S. nationalism
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McKinley sends the USS Maine to protect Americans in Cuba ◦ Ship blows up – Spain blamed but no proof;
enraged
◦ 266 Americans died
◦ http://www.history.com/videos/mckinley-faces-war-assassination
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George Dewey sends U.S. navy into Manila Bay (Philippines)
Crushes navy easily Emilio Aguinaldo – Filipino
nationalist also fighting Spanish
U.S. forces win in Cuba Teddy Roosevelt’s “Rough
Riders” storm San Juan Hill http://www.history.com/videos/roosev
elt-fights-in-spanish-american-war
War is over – “splendid little war”
3,000 casualties but most from malaria, yellow fever
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Americans debate our role in Cuba & Philippines
Do we remain as an imperialist nation or let them govern themselves?
Treaty of Paris debated
Election of 1900 – McKinley runs with war hero Teddy Roosevelt
Wins election
Establishes America’s role
Would govern new countries
Turning point for U.S. as a world power
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The Philippines ◦ “Unfit for self-
government”
◦ U.S.- Filipino War
◦ Filipinos fought fiercely Guerilla war
200,000 died
5,000 Americans
Brutal treatment of Filipino people
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Interests in China
“Spheres of Influence” – GB, France, Russia, Germany
John Jay opens door to U.S. trade
Boxer Rebellion – Chinese resistance to foreigners ◦ Uprising killed foreigners ◦ Eventually put down by
international force
Open Door Policy
Stated we didn’t want Chinese territory, just trade
Roosevelt negotiates end to Russo Japanese War & gains prestige (Nobel Prize)
Sends out the “Great White Fleet” – U.S. navy to showcase our navy (intimidate?)
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Puerto Rico – could enjoy some citizenship rights
Cuba – Platt Amendment ◦ U.S. could intervene in
Cuba
◦ Trade only with U.S.
◦ Upset many Cubans
Roosevelt’s Big Stick Diplomacy
“Speak softly but carry a big stick”
Imperialistic view of the world
Moral responsibility to “civilize” or protect weak nations
“White Man’s Burden”
http://www.history.com/videos/theodore-roosevelts-acts-and-legacy
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Building a Canal
◦ France attempts/fails
◦ Panama controlled by Columbia
◦ Roosevelt sends ships to support “Liberation” of Panama
◦ Independence from Columbia; now could build a canal
◦ http://www.history.com/videos/guts--bolts-panama-canal---locks
◦ http://www.history.com/videos/guts--bolts-panama-canal---locomotives
◦ Roosevelt Corollary (to Monroe Doctrine) – U.S. would be police power to protect Latin America
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“Substituting dollars for bullets”
Rely less on big stick diplomacy
Investments in Latin America
Intervened in DR, Haiti, Mexico, to prop up friendly govts.
Many Latin Americans disliked U.S. involvement
Wilson’s “moral diplomacy” ◦ Pursue foreign relations
without aggression ◦ Did send troops to several
areas though
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Puerto Rico ◦ U.S. citizens
◦ No voting rights
◦ Subject to military service & federal laws
◦ No federal income tax
◦ Have voted in favor of status w/U.S. but there is an independence movement
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Guam ◦ U.S. citizens
◦ Representatives in U.S. Congress but they are nonvoting
◦ No voting in presidential elections
◦ U.S. navy occupies 1/3 of the island
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U.S. Virgin Islands
American Samoa
Mariana Islands
Midway Islands
Wake Island
Johnston Atoll
Baker, Howland, Jarvis Islands
Kingman Reef
Navassa Island
Palmyra Atoll – Great book And the Sea Will Tell, by Vincent Bugliosi (Manson writer); double murder on the island