becoming an industrial society (1877-1900) ncscos 5.01 ap ush unit 16 michael quiñones, nbct

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Becoming an Industrial Becoming an Industrial Society (1877-1900) Society (1877-1900) NCSCOS 5.01 NCSCOS 5.01 AP USH Unit 16 AP USH Unit 16 Michael Quiñones, NBCT www.socialstudiesguy.com

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Page 1: Becoming an Industrial Society (1877-1900) NCSCOS 5.01 AP USH Unit 16 Michael Quiñones, NBCT

Becoming an Industrial Becoming an Industrial Society (1877-1900)Society (1877-1900)

NCSCOS 5.01NCSCOS 5.01AP USH Unit 16AP USH Unit 16

Michael Quiñones, NBCTwww.socialstudiesguy.com

Page 2: Becoming an Industrial Society (1877-1900) NCSCOS 5.01 AP USH Unit 16 Michael Quiñones, NBCT

Macro ConceptsMacro Concepts

ConflictConflict-problem or issue that is -problem or issue that is controversial and can cause controversial and can cause problems without compromiseproblems without compromise

ChangeChange-the transformation of a -the transformation of a person, place or thing.person, place or thing.

InnovationInnovation-improvement and -improvement and advancement in the way advancement in the way something is done.something is done.

PowerPower-the authority of a -the authority of a government to carry out the government to carry out the law.law.

Supply and Demand-Supply and Demand-The belief that The belief that the amount of an item and the amount of an item and people’s desire for it will people’s desire for it will influence the price.influence the price.

Laissez FaireLaissez Faire-the belief that the -the belief that the government should leave government should leave businesses alone.businesses alone.

Social Darwinism-Social Darwinism-Belief that Belief that certain people are born superior certain people are born superior than others. People are than others. People are successful because they earned successful because they earned it and unsuccessful people did it and unsuccessful people did not.not.

MonopolyMonopoly-type of business that -type of business that runs its competition out of runs its competition out of business and takes over the business and takes over the entire industry. entire industry.

Vertical integrationVertical integration-a strategy used -a strategy used by business to control every by business to control every aspect of production.aspect of production.

Horizontal integrationHorizontal integration-another term -another term for monopoly.for monopoly.

Micro ConceptsMicro Concepts

Page 3: Becoming an Industrial Society (1877-1900) NCSCOS 5.01 AP USH Unit 16 Michael Quiñones, NBCT

Gilded Age Time period from 1870-1910 when a small number of Americans Time period from 1870-1910 when a small number of Americans

became extremely wealthy due to their exploitation of Laissez Faire became extremely wealthy due to their exploitation of Laissez Faire policies of the U.S. Government.policies of the U.S. Government.

Railroads, The Steel industry and Oil companies controlled their Railroads, The Steel industry and Oil companies controlled their business sectors with complete control.business sectors with complete control.

Competition between businesses was limited and prices of goods Competition between businesses was limited and prices of goods were very high.were very high.

There was a huge disparity [difference] between the rich and poor.There was a huge disparity [difference] between the rich and poor.

The decadent Biltmore Estate in Asheville, NC

Page 4: Becoming an Industrial Society (1877-1900) NCSCOS 5.01 AP USH Unit 16 Michael Quiñones, NBCT

Captains of IndustryCaptains of Industry

These were business owners who were ruthless and did everything they These were business owners who were ruthless and did everything they could to be financially successful by controlling their types of business. could to be financially successful by controlling their types of business. They were called captains of industry as a result of their tactics.They were called captains of industry as a result of their tactics.

These men became very wealthy and powerful because they controlled These men became very wealthy and powerful because they controlled huge amounts of money.huge amounts of money.

Page 5: Becoming an Industrial Society (1877-1900) NCSCOS 5.01 AP USH Unit 16 Michael Quiñones, NBCT

Robber Barons Robber barons were business owners who sometimes broke the

law or twisted rules to their advantage in order to make huge amounts of money.

They controlled the wealth of the United States by “stealing” money from citizens with exorbitant pricing.

At the local level a leader of New York City’s Democratic Party, Tammany Hall, was led by the notorious William Boss Tweed.

Page 6: Becoming an Industrial Society (1877-1900) NCSCOS 5.01 AP USH Unit 16 Michael Quiñones, NBCT

John D. Rockefeller and Standard OilJohn D. Rockefeller and Standard Oil

► Rockefeller built on the success of Rockefeller built on the success of Drake and went into the oil Drake and went into the oil business.business.

► Because of the invention of cars Because of the invention of cars and the use of and the use of gasolinegasoline Rockefeller Rockefeller became very wealthybecame very wealthy..

► Rockefeller used a business Rockefeller used a business strategy called horizontal strategy called horizontal integration to consolidate other integration to consolidate other businesses by taking them over.businesses by taking them over.

► He was then able to create a He was then able to create a monopoly and charge whatever he monopoly and charge whatever he wanted to.wanted to.

Page 7: Becoming an Industrial Society (1877-1900) NCSCOS 5.01 AP USH Unit 16 Michael Quiñones, NBCT

Andrew Carnegie, BessemerAndrew Carnegie, Bessemer ProcessProcess and U.S. Steeland U.S. Steel

• Carnegie was a Scottish immigrant who was very poor when he arrived in the United States.

• He worked his way up to owner of U.S. Steel Corporation which later became a monopoly in the steel business.

• He was shown the Bessemer process by a chemist who demonstrated how to create high quality steel for military weapons.

• The Bessemer process enabled him to make super strong steel in a quick manner using oxidation [air blown through molten steel].

• He also used a business strategy called vertical integration which combined every part of the steel business in order to make higher profits.

Page 8: Becoming an Industrial Society (1877-1900) NCSCOS 5.01 AP USH Unit 16 Michael Quiñones, NBCT

J.P. Morgan Railroad and banking tycoon

who financed numerous businesses and formed banking trusts

He cleverly acquired ownership in companies that were often considered unfair.

He purchased U.S. Steel Corporation from Carnegie for $400 million

He often forced companies to dissolve when profits were siphoned off [workers lost jobs]

Page 9: Becoming an Industrial Society (1877-1900) NCSCOS 5.01 AP USH Unit 16 Michael Quiñones, NBCT

Thomas Nast’s cartoons A New York City cartoonist named Thomas Nast criticized the

corruption and illegal activities of Tweed and other government officials.

His cartoons were so effective because readers did not have to know how to read to understand what Nast was describing.

Eventually the pressure applied by Nast led to Tweed’s arrest, prosecution and imprisonment.

Page 10: Becoming an Industrial Society (1877-1900) NCSCOS 5.01 AP USH Unit 16 Michael Quiñones, NBCT

FRQsFRQs: Free Response : Free Response QuestionsQuestions

1.1. How did the How did the Gilded AgeGilded Age create conditions for abuse of create conditions for abuse of working class people by the so-called Robber Barons?working class people by the so-called Robber Barons?

2.2. How did Captain of Industry/Robber Barons use certain How did Captain of Industry/Robber Barons use certain types of business tactics to their benefit at the expense of types of business tactics to their benefit at the expense of the American public?the American public?

3.3. Why was the cartoonist Thomas Nast able to end the rein Why was the cartoonist Thomas Nast able to end the rein of and destroy the career of the extremely powerful of and destroy the career of the extremely powerful William Boss Tweed?William Boss Tweed?

Page 11: Becoming an Industrial Society (1877-1900) NCSCOS 5.01 AP USH Unit 16 Michael Quiñones, NBCT

Image sources http://www.1892biltmorevillageinn.com/Pictures/Biltmore%20Estate.jpg http://notsodismal.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/03/84comm6jpg.jpeg http://explorepahistory.com/images/ExplorePAHistory-a0b6s6-a_349.jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Andrew_Carnegie,_three-

quarter_length_portrait,_seated,_facing_slightly_left,_1913-crop.jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:5051_Earl_Bathurst_Cocklewood_Harbour.jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:George_Westinghouse.jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Westinghouse_Air_Brake_control_handle_and_valve.jpg http://explorepahistory.com/images/ExplorePAHistory-a0m4y1-a_349.jpg http://www.power-of-giving.com/images/philanthropy-1.jpg