beee lab manual 1sem
TRANSCRIPT
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JAWAHARLAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
BORAWAN
Basic Electricals & Electronics Engineer
E!"#$LAB %ANUAL
Ist' SE%ESTER(
)E*ART%ENT OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGG+JIT COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
BORAWAN ' ,-.//0
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LIST OF E*ERI%ENTS
.+ To st123 t4e 5ario1s Basic Instr16ent o7 8Electrical Science &
S369ols:+
/+ To ;eri4ase cir
+ Se>aration o7 resistance an2 in21ctance o7 c4oDe coil+
.#+ I2entionents+
..+ O9ser5ing in>1t an2 o1t>1t ?a5e7or6s o7 recti>lication as a6>li
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JAWAHARLAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY@BORAWAN
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
Na6e o7 St12ent !
Enroll6ent No+!+++
S19ect ! +++
Branc4 ! +
Se6ester ! +++++
Session ! ++
Certi
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TOTAL %AR=S
A;ERAGE %AR=S
LAB CO%*LETE) )ATE
STAFF SIGNATURE
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JAWAHARLAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY BORAWAN)E*ART%ENT OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
Electrical & Electronics Engineering B+E+ ! /#,(
Semester: - II
Enrollment No. Date:-
Remarks if any, Signature of Professor
E*ERI%ENT NO+
O9ecti5e (To st#$y the +ario#s asic Istr#"et of 0E!ectrica! Sciece & Sy"*o!s1.
A>>arat1s re1ire2!De"ostratio of +ario#s istr#"ets !i,e A""eter2 3o!t"eter2 4att"eter2Eer%y "eter2 Tacho"eter2 Rheostat2 AC a$ DC Po-er S#))!y.
T4eor3!A( A66eter
A""eters are e")!oye$ for "eas#ri% c#rret i a circ#it a$ coecte$ iseries -ith the circ#it. As a""eter is coecte$ i series2 the +o!ta%e $ro)
across a""eter ter"ia!s sho#!$ *e as !o- as )ossi*!e. This re5#ires that theresistace of the a""eter sho#!$ *e as !o- as )ossi*!e. The c#rret coi! ofA""eter has !o- c#rret carryi% ca)acity -hereas the c#rret to *e"eas#re$ "ay *e 5#ite hi%h. For this reaso a !o- resistace is coecte$ i)ara!!e! to the c#rret coi!.
B( ;olt6eter
3o!t"eters are e")!oye$ to "eas#re the )otetia! $i6erece across ay t-o
)oits of the circ#it these are coecte$ i the )ara!!e! to the circ#it. The
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resistace of +o!t"eter is ,e)t +ery hi%h *y coecti% a hi%h resistace iseries of the +o!t"eter -ith the c#rret coi! of the istr#"et. The act#a!+o!ta%e $ro) across the c#rret coi! of the +o!t"eter is o!y a fractio of thetota! +o!ta%eapplied across the oltmeter !hich is to "e measured. #here are three types ofammeters and oltmeters generally used:
$. %oing coil type
&. %oing iron type
'. Electronic (oltmeter
C( Watt6eter
The "eas#re"et of rea! )o-er i AC circ#its is $oe *y #si% a istr#"et#si% 4att"eter. The rea! )o-er i AC circ#its is %i+e *y e7)ressio
3ICOS8
4here2COS8is )o-er factor.
A -att"eter is co")rises of t-o coi!s a"e!y c#rret coi! a$ )ress#re coi!.The c#rret coi! is coecte$ i series -ith the !oa$ a$ the )ress#re coi! iscoecte$ across the !oa$. 4att"eter9s are a+ai!a*!e i $#a! ra%e for+o!ta%es as -e!! as for c#rret :/;'A2
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)( Energ3 6eter
Eer%y "eter is a istr#"et -hich is #se$ o "eas#re the cos#")tio ofe!ectric eer%y i a AC circ#its. It "eas#res eer%y i >4?. The )rici)!eof o)eratio of a eer%y "eter is @#st !i,e -att"eter e7ce)t that $#e
)o-er thro#%h the "eter2 a $isc rotates. The #"*er of re+o!#tio "a$e *ythe $isc is co#te$.
E( Tac4o6eter
Tacho"eter is a istr#"et to "eas#re the s)ee$ i R.P.M.2 The s)ee$ of arotati% shaft is "eas#re$ *y iserti% he ta)ere$ )ro@ecte$ of thetacho"eter ito the ta)ere$ ho!e i a rotati% shaft of -hich s)ee$ is to *e"eas#re$.
F( R4eostat
Rheostats are "a$e #) of hi%h resisti+ity "ateria! !i,e ic,e!(chro"i#" iroa!!oy c!ose!y -o#$ o+er a circ#!ar t#*e. These are a+ai!a*!e *oth i si%!et#*e a$ $o#*!e t#*e. Iter(t#r is#!atio is )ro+i$e$ to a+oi$ shortcirc#iti% of t#rs. The t#*e of rheostat are "a$e of is#!ati% "ateria! !i,eas*estos. These are e")!oye$ at )!aces -here resistace of a circ#it is to *e
+arie$ -itho#t *r
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G( Trans7or6er
A trasfor"er is a static $e+ice -hich cosists of t-o or "ore statioary
e!ectric circ#its iter!i,e$ *y a co""o "a%etic circ#it for a )#r)ose oftrasferri% e!ectrica! eer%y *et-ee the". The trasfer of e!ectric eer%yta,es )!ace fro" oe circ#it to aother circ#it -itho#t cha%e i fre5#ecy.
There are t-o ty)es of trasfor"er. Oe is ste) #) a$ the other is ste$o-.
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CIRCUIT SY%BOLS
WIRES AN) CONNECTIONS
S+No+ CO%*ONENT
NA%E
CIRCUIT SY%BOL FUNCTION
)$* +IRE
#o pass current ery easily from
one part of a circuit to another.
)&* +IRES INED
/"lo"/ should "e dra!n !here
!ires are connected )0oined*, "ut it
is sometimes omitted. +ires
connected at /crossroads/ should "eStaggered slightly to form t!o #-
0unctions, as sho!n on the right.
)'*+IRES N#
INED
In comple1 diagrams it is oftennecessary to dra! !ires crossing
een though they are not
connected. I prefer the /"ridge/
sym"ol sho!n on the right "ecausethe simple crossing on the left may
"e misread as a 0oin !here you
hae forgotten to add a /"lo"/.
*OWER SU**LIESS+No+ CO%*ONENT
NA%ECIRCUIT SY%BOL FUNCTION
)$* 2E33
Supplies electrical energy. #he
larger terminal )on the left* ispositie )4*. single cell is often
called a "attery, "ut strictly a
"attery is t!o or more cells 0oined
together.
)&* 5##ER6
Supplies electrical energy. "attery is more than one cell. #he
larger terminal )on the left* is
positie )4*.
)'* D2 S7PP36
Supplies electrical energy. D2 8
Direct 2urrent, al!ays flo!ing inone direction.
)9* 2 S7PP36
Supplies electrical energy. 28lternating 2urrent, 2ontinually
changing direction.
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)* ;7SE
safety deice !hich !ill /"lo!/
)melt* if the current flo!ingthrough it e1ceeds a specified
alue.
))?R7ND*
connection to earth. ;or many
electronic circuits this is the @(
)Aero olts* of the po!er supply,"ut for mains electricity and some
radio circuits it really means the
earth. It is also kno!n as ground.
O1t>1t )e5ices La6>s@ Heater@ %otor@ etc+S+No+ CO%*ONENTNA%E
CIRCUIT SY%BOL FUNCTION
)$* 3%P)3I?>#IN?*
transducer !hich conerts
electrical energy to light. #his
sym"ol is used for a lampproiding illumination, for
e1ample a car headlamp
r torch "ul".
)&* 3%P)INDI2#R*
transducer !hich conertselectrical energy to light. #his
sym"ol is used for a lamp !hich isan indicator, for e1ample a !arning
light on a car dash"oard.
)'* >E#ER
transducer !hich conertselectrical energy to heat.
)9* %#R
transducer !hich conerts
electrical energy to kinetic energy
)motion*.
)* 5E33
transducer !hich conerts
electrical energy to sound.
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)ES##*
#his type of aria"le resistor !ith &
contacts )a rheostat* is usually usedto control current. E1amples
include: ad0usting lamp "rightness,
ad0usting motor speed, and
ad0usting the rate of flo! of chargeinto a capacitor in a timing circuit.
)'*(RI53E RESIS#R)P#EN#I %E#ER*
#his type of aria"le resistor !ith '
contacts )a potentiometer* isusually used to control oltage. It
can "e used like this as a transducer
conerting position )angle of thecontrol spindle* to an electrical
signal.
)9* (RI53ERESIS#R)PRESE#*
#his type of aria"le resistor )a
preset* is operated !ith a smallscre!drier or similar tool. It is
designed to "e set !hen the circuit
is made and then left !ithout
further ad0ustment. Presets are
cheaper than normal aria"le
resistors so they are often used in
pro0ects to reduce the cost.
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CA*ACITORSS+No+ CO%*ONENT
NA%E
CIRCUIT SY%BOL FUNCTION
)$* 2P2I#R
capacitor stores electric charge. capacitor is used !ith a resistor
in a timing circuit. It can also "e
used as a filter, to "lock D2 signals
"ut pass 2 signals.
)&*2P2I#R
P3RISED
capacitor stores electric charge.
#his type must "e connected thecorrect !ay round. capacitor is
used !ith a resistor in a timing
circuit. It can also "e used as a
filter, to "lock D2 signals "ut pass2 signals.
)'*(RI53E
2P2I#R
aria"le capacitor is used in aradio tuner.
)9*#RI%%ER
2P2I#R
#his type of aria"le capacitor )a
trimmer* is operated !ith a small
scre!drier or similar tool. It is
designed to "e set !hen the circuitis made and then left !ithout
further ad0ustment.
%ETERS AN) OSCILLOSCO*ES+No+ CO%*ONENTNA%E
CIRCUIT SY%BOL FUNCTION
)$* (3#%E#ER oltmeter is used to measureoltage. #he Proper name for
oltage is /potential difference/, "ut
most people prefer to say oltage.
)&* %%E#ER n ammeter is used to measure
current.
)'* ?3(N%E#ER galanometer is a ery sensitie
meter !hich is used to measure
tiny currents, usually $m or less.
)9* >%%E#ER n ohmmeter is used to measure
resistance. %ost multimeters hae
an ohmmeter setting.
)* S2I33S2PE n oscilloscope is used to display
the shape of electrical signals and itcan "e used to measure their
oltage and time period.
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Re>ort!
;. 4hat are the *asic "eas#ri% istr#"ets
. 4hat is the -or,i% )rici)!e of -att"eter a$ eer%y "eter
B. 4hat is the -or,i% )rici)!e of %eerator
=. 4hat are the +ario#s safety "eas#res -hi!e )erfor"i% )ractica! i
e!ectrica! sciece !a*
:. Disc#ss the +ario#s ty)es of resistors a$ ca)acitors
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JAWAHARLAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY BORAWAN)E*ART%ENT OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
Electrical & Electronics Engineering B+E+ ! /#,(
Semester: - II
Enrollment No. Date:-
Remarks if any, Signature of Professor
E*ERI%ENT NO+
O9ecti5e !
To 3erify >irchho69s 3o!ta%e La- & >irchho69s C#rret La-.
A>>arat1s re1ire2 !
DC Net-or, >it Po-er s#))!y2 Resistors a$ Coecti% Lea$s2 rea$oar$2 A""eter2 3o!t"eter.
T4eor3!
I "ay circ#its2 i -hich +ario#s co")oets are #se$ are i either )ara!!e!2
i series2 or i series )ara!!e! for e7a")!e2 a circ#it -ith t-o or "ore *atteriescoecte$ i its $i6eret *raches. Aother e7a")!e is a #*a!ace$ *ri$%ecirc#it. S#ch circ#its ca *e easi!y so!+e$ -ith he!) of >irchho69s !a- -hichare as fo!!o-s.;. >irchho69s c#rret La-. >irchho69s +o!ta%e !a-.
=;L ! It states that the a!%e*raic s#" of )ro$#ct of c#rret a$ resistace ieach of the co$#ctors i ay c!ose$ )ath i a et-or, )!#s the a!%e*raic s#"
of the E.M.F. i the c!ose$ )ath is ero.
IRE.M.F. '
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=CL ( It states that i ay e!ectrica! et-or, the a!%e*raic s#" of c#rrets"eeti% at a )oit is ero.
OR
It states that the s#" of the c#rrets eteri% ito ay o$e/)oit/@#ctio ise5#a! to the s#" of the c#rrets !ea+i% that o$e/)oit/@#ctio.
I I I I I. , / " -
Inco6ing c1rrento1tgoing c1rrent
Circ1it )iagra6!
=;L!
=CL!
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*roce21re!
=;L!;. Coectios are "a$e as )er the circ#it $ia%ra".. Chec, yo#r coectios *efore s-itch o the s#))!y.B. 3ary the re%#!ate$ s#))!y.=. Meas#re the +o!ta%e #si% +o!t"eter.:. Note the rea$i%s i the ta*#!atio.
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Res1lt!;. The ico"i% c#rret is fo#$ to *e e5#a! to the o#t%oi% c#rret.. The tota! i)#t +o!ta%e is e5#a! to the tota! +o!ta%e $ro) i the c,t.
*reca1tions!;. S-itch o6 the s#))!y -he ot i #se.. Rea$i% sho#!$ *e ta,e caref#!!y.B. A!! coectios sho#!$ *e ti%ht a$ correct.
Re>ort!;. 4hat are the +ario#s "etho$s of aa!ysis of et-or,s *ase$ o
>3L &>CL. 4hat $o yo# "ea *y a!%e*raic s#"
B. 4hat is the $i6erece *et-ee a "esh a$ a !oo)
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*roce21re;. Coectios are "a$e as )er the circ#it $ia%ra".. Chec, yo#r coectios *efore s-itch o the s#))!y.B. Fi$ the The+ei9s +o!ta%e or o)e circ#it +o!ta%e.
=. Re)!ace +o!ta%e so#rce *y itera! resistor.:. Deter"ie the The+ei9s resistace.
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JAWAHARLAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY BORAWAN)E*ART%ENT OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
Electrical & Electronics Engineering B+E+ ! /#,(
Semester: - II
Enrollment No. Date:-
Remarks if any, Signature of Professor
E*ERI%ENT NO+
O9ecti5e !To +erify the s#)er)ositio theore" a$ $eter"ie the c#rret fo!!o-i%
thro#%h the !oa$ resistace.
A>>arat1s re1ire2 !DC Net-or, >it Po-er s#))!y2 Resistors a$ Coecti% Lea$s2 Traieroar$2 A""eter2 3o!t"eter.
T4eor3!S1>er>osition t4eore6
I a !iear circ#it cotaii% "ore tha oe so#rce2 the c#rret that Qo-s atay )oit or the +o!ta%e that e7ists *et-ee ay t-o )oits is the a!%e*raics#" of the c#rrets or the +o!ta%es that -o#!$ ha+e *ee )ro$#ce$ *y eachso#rce ta,e se)arate!y -ith a!! other so#rces re"o+e$.
Circ1it )iagra6!
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*roce21re!;. Coectios are "a$e as )er the circ#it $ia%ra".. Chec, yo#r coectios *efore s-itch o the s#))!y.B. Deter"ie the c#rret thro#%h the !oa$ resistace I or I .B L=. No- oe of the so#rces is shorte$ a$ the c#rret Qo-i% thro#%h the
resistace I or I "eas#re$ *y a""eter.L B
:. Si"i!ar!y2 the other so#rce is shorte$ a$ the c#rret Qo-i% thro#%hthe resistace IL or I "eas#re$ *y a""eter.B
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JAWAHARLAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY BORAWAN)E*ART%ENT OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
Electrical & Electronics Engineering B+E+ ! /#,(
Semester: - II
Enrollment No. Date:-
Remarks if any, Signature of Professor
E*ERI%ENT NO+
O9ecti5e !To st#$y R(L(C series circ#it a$ Dra- its )hasor $ia%ra".
A>>arat1s re1ire2 !A""eter2 Resistor2 I$#ctor a$ Ca)acitor2 3ariac2 Coecti% 4ires a$Di%ita! M#!ti"eter2 E7)eri"et >it.
T4eor3!Cosi$er a ac circ#it cotaii% resistace of R9 i 2 i$#ctace of L9 iheries a$ ca)acitace of C9 i fara$s coecte$ i series2 as sho-circ#it $ia%ra". Let the c#rret Qo-i% thro#%h the circ#it is I9 i a")erea$ s#))!y fre5#ecy f i ?.
a3o!ta%e $ro) across resistace 3R IR i )hase -ith I.
*3o!ta%e $ro) across i$#ctace 3 L UL !ea$i% I9 *yV
ort!;. 4hat $o yo# #$ersta$ *y the ter" )o-er factor i referece to A
Circ#its. 4hat is the i")ortace of )o-er factorB. 4hat $o yo# "ea *y a !a%%i% )o-er factor & !ea$i% )o-er factor
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JAWAHARLAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY BORAWAN)E*ART%ENT OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
Electrical & Electronics Engineering B+E+ ! /#,(
Semester: - II
Enrollment No. Date:-
Remarks if any, Signature of Professor
E*ERI%ENT NO+
O9ecti5e (
St#$y of Trasfor"er2 Na"e )!ate rati% $eter"iatio of ratio a$ Po!arity.
A>>arat1s re1ire2!
S+No+ Na6e o7 e1i>6ent 1antit3 Range T3>e
; ;(PhaseTrasfor"er ; B'/;;:32;>3A She!! ty)e
A#to Trasfor"er ; '(H'2;'A 3ariac ty)eB 3o!t"eter ; '(B'' 3 Mo+i% iro
= 3o!t"eter ; '(;:' 3
Mo+i% iro
T4eor3!A(Theoretica!!y it "ay see" that trasfor"er "ay *e *#i!t to ha$!e ay+o!ta%e or c#rret. #t i rea!ity there are !i"its to *oth the +o!ta%e a
c#rret. The a"e )!ate rati% of a )o-er trasfor"er #s#a!!y cotais2;. 3o!t(a")eres..>3A. 3o!ta%e Ratio 3 /3 .+o!t or ,3; B. Fre5#ecy..?=. Ty)e ;(8 or B(8:.
E5#i+a!et I")e$ace_
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B( Trans7or6ation Ratio!The i$#ce$ E.M.F )er )hase i )ri"ary a$ seco$ary -i$i% of atrasfor"er is %i+e *y i$#ce$ E.M.F i )ri"ary E =.==f; 8N .;I$#ce$ E.M.F i seco$ary E =.==f8N .
For I$ea! trasfor"er E 3 a$ E 3 .; ; ?ece the trasfor"atio Ratio > 3 /3 ; N / N I / I ; ; .
C( *olarit3 Test!Each of the ter"ia!s of )ri"ary as -e!! as seco$ary -i$i% of atrasfor"er is a!terati+e!y )ositi+e a$ e%ati+e -ith res)ect to each other.It is essetia! to ,o- the re!ati+e )o!arities at ay istat of the )ri"arya$ seco$ary ter"ia!s for "a,i% correct coectios if the trasfor"eare to *e o)ee$ i )ara!!e! or are to *e #se$ i a B(8circ#it.
4he +ie-e$ fro" the )ri"ary si$e the ter"ia!s are "ar,e$ A; a$ A .No- ter"ia! A; is coecte$ to oe e$ of the seco$ary -i$i% a$ +o!t"eter is coecte$ *et-ee A a$ other e$ of the seco$ary -i$i%.4he the +o!t"eter rea$s the $i6erece 3 (3 2 the trasfor"er is sai$ to; )ossess a s#*tracti+e )o!aritya$ -he +o!t"eter rea$s 3 3 the; trasfor"er has a$$iti+e )o!arity. S#*tracti+e )o!arity "eas that sa"e)o!arity ter"ia!s are coecte$. 4hi!e a$$iti+e )o!arity "eas that sa"e)o!arity ter"ia!s are coecte$.
*roce21re!A(Trans7or6ation Ratio Test!
;. Coect the circ#it as )er %.* a$ set #) A#to(trasfor"er to ero)ositio.
. S-itch o A.C. s#))!y a$ a$@#st the A#totrasfor"er ti!! a s#ita*!e*e!o- rate$ +o!ta%e.
B. Recor$ the +o!ta%e 3 across the )ri"ary a$ 3 across seco$ary.; =. 3ary the A#totrasfor"er a$ re)eat ste) B2 ta,e at !east : rea$i%s.
B(*olarit3 Test!
;. Coect the circ#it as )er %.a a$ set #) A#totrasfor"er to ero)ositio.
. S-itch o si%a! )hase A.C. s#))!y.B. Recor$ the +o!ta%e 3 2 3 a$ 3 .;
B
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If 3 is !ess tha the )o!arity is s#*tracti+e other-ise a$$iti+e.B=. 3ary the A#totrasfor"er a$ re)eat ste)B. Ta,e at !east : rea$i%s.:. S-itch o6 the s#))!y.
O9ser5ation!A Na"e P!ate Rati%s ( 4rite $o- a!! s)ecicatio "ar,e$ o a"e )!aterati%.
B( Trans7or6ation Ratio Test!
S+No+ ;. ;/ = ; ;/
.
C( *olarit3 Test!
S+No+ ;. ;/ ;"
A22iti5e or S19tracti5e
Circ1it 2iagra6!
Fi%. A
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Fi%.
Res1lt
The trasfor"atio ratio of %i+e trasfor"er is .
*reca1tion;. Coectio sho#!$ *e ti%ht.. Do ot to#ch o !i+e -ire.B. Loa$ o the trasfer sho#!$ ot icrease *eyo$ its ca)acity.
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JAWAHARLAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY BORAWAN)E*ART%ENT OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
Electrical & Electronics Engineering B+E+ ! /#,(
Semester: - II
Enrollment No. Date:-
Remarks if any, Signature of Professor
E*ERI%ENT NO+
O9ecti5e (To $eter"iatio of e5#i+a!et circ#it )ara"eter of a si%!e )hase
trasfor"er *y OC a$ SC test.
Na6e >late 2etails o7 trans7or6er(
;^( TRANSFORMERCa)acity B >3AI/P +o!ta%e B'3I/P c#rret ;B.'=AO/P +o!ta%e ;;:3
O/P c#rret >arat1s re1ire2!
A>>arat1s Re1ire2 7or SC Test
S+No+ Na6e Range T3>e
1antit3
; A#to Trasfor"er B'/'(H'32 =A ;(
;
A""eter '(:A MI Ty)e
;
B 3o!t"eter '(B''3 MI Ty)e
;
= 4att"eter ''32 .:A Dya"o"eter
;
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A>>arat1s Re1ire2 7or OC TestS+No+ Na6e Range T3>e 1antit3
; A#to Trasfor"er B'/'(H'32 =A ;( -ire4o#$ ;
A""eter '(.:A MI Ty)e ;
B 3o!t"eter '(;:'3 MI Ty)e ;
= 4att"eter ;:'32 .:A Dya"o"eter ;
T4eor3!Trasfor"er is a static $e+ice -hich trasfers e!ectrica! )o-er fro" oecirc#it to aother circ#it either *y ste) #) or ste) $o- the +o!ta%e -ithcorres)o$i% $ecrease icrease i the c#rret2 -itho#t cha%i% thefre5#ecy.
S4ort Circ1it TestThe "ai ai" of this test is to $eter"ie the f#!! !oa$ co))er !oss -hich ishe!)f#! i $i% the R';2 Y ';2 J';2 e`ciecy a$ re%#!atio of the
trasfor"er. Geera!!y !o- +o!ta%e si$e -i!! *e short circ#ite$ a$ s#))-i!! *e %i+e to hi%h +o!ta%e si$e & it -i!! *e of :(;'_ of the rate$ +o!ta%e.
The -att"eter coecte$ i )ri"ary -i!! %i+e $irect!y the f#!! !oa$ co))er!osses of the trasfor"er.
O>en Circ1it TestThe "ai ai" of this test is to $eter"ie the Iro !osses & No( !oa$ c#rret ofthe Trasfor"er -hich are he!)f#! i $i% Ro & Yo. I this test %eera!!y
s#))!y -i!! *e %i+e to )ri"ary a$ seco$ary ,e)t o)e. Sice seco$ary iso)ee$ a s"a!! c#rret "a%etii% c#rret -i!! Qo- a$ it -i!! *e : to ;'_of f#!! !oa$ c#rret. The -att"eter coecte$ i )ri"ary -i!! %i+e $irect!y the
Iro !osses core !osses.
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*roce21re!S4ort Circ1it Test
;. Coect the circ#it as sho-.. Es#re that the $i""er stat )ositio is at '9 ero.
B. S-itch o the si%!e )hase AC. S#))!y.=. S!o-!y icrease the o#t)#t +o!ta%e of the $i""erstat ti!! the a""eter
o )ri"ary si$e sho-s rate$ c#rret of =.B: A").:. Note the a""eter2 +o!t"eter & -att"eter rea$i%s.
O>en Circ1it Test
;. Gi+e coectios as )er the circ#it $ia%ra".. Es#re that the $i""er stat Positio is at ero.B. S-itch o the si%!e )hase AC S#))!y.=. A))!y rate$ +o!ta%e of B'3 to the )ri"ary si$e of trasfor"er.:. Note the a""eter2 +o!t"eter a$ -att"eter rea$i%s.
Circ1it 2iagra6 !
For S4ort Circ1it Test
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For O>en Circ1it Test
O9ser5ations!FOR S+C+ TEST Rea2 on >ri6ar3 si2e(
S4ort circ1it 5oltage;sc
Rate2 >ri6ar3 c1rrenti+e 71ll loa2 5al1e(
Isc
S4ort circ1it >o?er
Wsc
FOR O+C+TEST Rea2 on >ri6ar3 si2e(
Rate2 in>1t ;oltage;#
No loa2 c1rrentI#
No loa2 >o?erW
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B At f#!! !oa$ a$ j.P.F.
3o!ta%e $ro) Isc Rsc cos^
_ Re%#!atio J"@rVec ?)"
3Vrc* T)%,V)- J"@rVecJ" ;''
E1i5alent circ1it ! Dra- si")!ie$ e5#i+a!et circ#it sho-i%. Ca!c#!ate$+a!#es of a!! )ara"eters o it.
Res1lt !F#!! !oa$ e`ciecy at '. ).f. F#!! !oa$ e`ciecy at j.P.F. F#!! !oa$ re%#!atio at '. !a%%i% ).f. F#!! !oa$ re%#!atio at '. !ea$i% ).f.
F#!! !oa$ re%#!atio at j.P.F. Ro Yo Rsc Ysc ..
*reca1tion!;. A!! the coectios sho#!$ *e )erfect!y ti%ht.. S#))!y sho#!$ ot *e s-itche$ ON #ti! & #!ess the coectios are
chec,e$ *y the teacher.
B. Do ot *e$ -hi!e ta,i% the rea$i%s.=. No !oose -ires sho#!$ !ie o the -or, ta*!e.:. Thic, -ires sho#!$ *e #se$ for c#rret circ#it a$ Qe7i*!e -ires fo
+o!ta%e circ#its.
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JAWAHARLAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY BORAWAN)E*ART%ENT OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
Electrical & Electronics Engineering B+E+ ! /#,(
Semester: - II
Enrollment No. Date:-
Remarks if any, Signature of Professor
E*ERI%ENT NO+
O9ecti5e (To se)arate resistace a$ i$#ctace of Cho,e & $ acti+e a$ reacti+e
)o-er.
A>>arat1s re1ire2!
S+No+ Na6e Range 1antit3
; AC A""eter '(; A") ; AC 3o!t"eter '(B'' 3 ;B 4att"eter '(B'' 32 ; A ;
= Di""erstat ; )hase2 B' 3 ;: Cho,e B' 32 :' ?2 '.
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T4eor3!A cho,e coi! is a co"*iatio of resistace a$ i$#ctace. These )ara"eter$e)e$ o the sie of -ire2 #"*er of t#rs2 ty)e of core etc. It is #se$ i a+ariety of e5#i)"ets.
4he it is e7cite$ *y DC2 the ratio of a))!ie$ +o!ta%e to c#rret is theresistace of the coi! a$ -he e7cite$ *y AC2 the ratio of +o!ta%e2 c#rret ithe i")e$ace.
*roce21re!; Coect the circ#it as sho- i %#re. Es#re that the $i""erstat is at ero )ositio.B S-itch o ;()hase ac s#))!y.= Icrease the o#t)#t +o!ta%e of the $i""erstat s!o-!y.
: Note $o- the rea$i%s of a""eter2 +o!t"eter a$ -att"eter for +ario#s3a!#es of o#t)#t +o!ta%es of $i""erstat.
O9ser5ation & calc1lation!
Sr+No+
;olt6eterRea2ing
;(
A66eterRea2ing
I(
Watt6eterRea2ing
;ICOS8W(
ResistanceR WI/
M;I L
XVm Z m
LH(
Res1lt!The ca!c#!ate$ +a!#es of resistace2 i$#ctace acti+e )o-er a$ reacti+e )o-er ofcho,e coi! are fo#$ VVVVVVV.
*reca1tions!; A!! coectios sho#!$ *e )erfect!y ti%ht. Do ot s-itch o the s#))!y #ti! a$ #!ess the coectios are chec,e$
*y the teacher.B Es#re the $i""er stat at ero )ositio a$ a!! rheostats to "a7i"#"
resistace )ositio *efore s-itchi% the s#))!y ON.= A+oi$ error $#e to )ara!!e! -hi!e rea$i% the "eters.
: The c#rret Qo-i% thro#%h the rheostat sho#!$ ot e7cee$ their rati%s.
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