Before 10/16Before 10/16Copy the questions down on the same page as Copy the questions down on the same page as

yesterday.yesterday.

5. What is the name of the Cyclops that traps Odysseus and his men?6. What name does Odysseus give to fool the Cyclops?7. Describe the process that the Greeks go through to escape the cave?

Chapter 4 / Section 2Chapter 4 / Section 2

SpartaSparta

Labeling NotesLabeling Notes

Fold your paper in half vertically.Label the left side “My Notes” Label the right side “Teacher Notes”

Tyranny in the City-States (Pgs. Tyranny in the City-States (Pgs. 125-126)125-126)

Tyranny in the City-States (Pgs. 125-126)Tyranny in the City-States (Pgs. 125-126)

By the end of the Dark Age, nobles who owned large farms By the end of the Dark Age, nobles who owned large farms seized power from the Greek kings.seized power from the Greek kings.

Small farms owners had to borrow money from the nobles Small farms owners had to borrow money from the nobles and often could not repay their debts.and often could not repay their debts.

These farmers lost their land and had to work for the nobles These farmers lost their land and had to work for the nobles or were sold into slavery.or were sold into slavery.

This unhappiness led to the rise of This unhappiness led to the rise of tyrants (ty*ruhnt)tyrants (ty*ruhnt), or , or people who take power by force and rule with total authority.people who take power by force and rule with total authority.

TyrantsTyrants overthrew the nobles during the 600’s B.C. overthrew the nobles during the 600’s B.C.

Tyrants gained and maintained their popularity by Tyrants gained and maintained their popularity by building marketplaces, temples, and walls.building marketplaces, temples, and walls.

Greeks did not like rule by one person – they Greeks did not like rule by one person – they wanted all citizens to participate in the government.wanted all citizens to participate in the government.

Greeks created Greeks created oligarchiesoligarchies and and democraciesdemocracies..

An An oligarchyoligarchy (ah*luh*gahr*kee) is a form of (ah*luh*gahr*kee) is a form of government in which a few people hold power.government in which a few people hold power.

A A democracydemocracy (dih*mah*kruh*see) is a form of (dih*mah*kruh*see) is a form of government in which all citizens share power.government in which all citizens share power.

Sparta was an Sparta was an oligarchyoligarchy..

Athens was a Athens was a democracydemocracy..

Sparta (pgs. 126 & 127)Sparta (pgs. 126 & 127)

Sparta (pgs. 126 & 127)Sparta (pgs. 126 & 127)Sparta was founded by the Dorians.Sparta was founded by the Dorians.

To obtain more land, Spartans conquered and To obtain more land, Spartans conquered and enslaved their neighbors, calling them enslaved their neighbors, calling them helotshelots (heh*lots).(heh*lots).

To keep the helots from rebelling, the Spartans To keep the helots from rebelling, the Spartans created a strong military of boys and men.created a strong military of boys and men.

Boys entered the military at age 7 and were harshly Boys entered the military at age 7 and were harshly treated to make them tough.treated to make them tough.

At age 20, men entered the regular army and lived At age 20, men entered the regular army and lived in barracks for 10 years.in barracks for 10 years.

At age 30 they could return home but served in the At age 30 they could return home but served in the military until age 60.military until age 60.

Spartan WomenSpartan WomenSpartan girls were trained in sports to stay fit and Spartan girls were trained in sports to stay fit and become healthy mothers.become healthy mothers.

Wives lived at home while their husbands lived in Wives lived at home while their husbands lived in the barracks.the barracks.

As a result, Spartan women were freer than other As a result, Spartan women were freer than other Greek women.Greek women.

Spartan’s GovernmentSpartan’s GovernmentThe Spartan government was an oligarchy The Spartan government was an oligarchy containing two branches: a council of elders and an containing two branches: a council of elders and an assembly.assembly.

Two kings headed the council of elders which Two kings headed the council of elders which included 28 citizens over the age of 60.included 28 citizens over the age of 60.

All Spartan men over the age of 30 belonged to the All Spartan men over the age of 30 belonged to the assembly.assembly.

They voted on the council’s laws and chose 5 They voted on the council’s laws and chose 5 ephursephurs (eh*fuhrs) each year to enforce laws and (eh*fuhrs) each year to enforce laws and collect taxes.collect taxes.

To maintain control of the country, the Spartan To maintain control of the country, the Spartan government kept out foreign visitors.government kept out foreign visitors.

They banned foreign travel for any reason but They banned foreign travel for any reason but military ones.military ones.

The government frowned upon its citizens studying The government frowned upon its citizens studying literature or the arts.literature or the arts.

Although Sparta had a superior army, it fell behind Although Sparta had a superior army, it fell behind other Greeks in trade, science, and other subjects.other Greeks in trade, science, and other subjects.

Before 10/22Before 10/22Add to any other notes you have on the book.Add to any other notes you have on the book.

1. What instructions does Odysseus give 1. What instructions does Odysseus give to the crew about the bag of winds?to the crew about the bag of winds?

2. What were the Laestrygonians?2. What were the Laestrygonians?

3. How many ships made it out of the 3. How many ships made it out of the Laestrygonians harbor?Laestrygonians harbor?

Athens (pgs. 128-130)Athens (pgs. 128-130)The citizens of Athens raised their children very The citizens of Athens raised their children very differently from those of Sparta.differently from those of Sparta.

Boys went to school and were taught reading, Boys went to school and were taught reading, writing, arithmetic, to sing, and to play the lyre.writing, arithmetic, to sing, and to play the lyre.

Athenian girls stayed home where their mothers Athenian girls stayed home where their mothers taught them spinning, weaving, and other household taught them spinning, weaving, and other household duties.duties.

Athenian GovernmentAthenian GovernmentThe government of early Athens was an The government of early Athens was an oligarchyoligarchy..

In 594 B.C., nobles turned to In 594 B.C., nobles turned to SolonSolon (soh*luhn) to (soh*luhn) to reform the Athenian government.reform the Athenian government.

Solon canceled all farmers’ debts, freed those Solon canceled all farmers’ debts, freed those farmers who had become slaves, and allowed all farmers who had become slaves, and allowed all male citizens to participate in the assembly.male citizens to participate in the assembly.

Solon’s reforms were popular among the common Solon’s reforms were popular among the common people.people.

The tyrant The tyrant PeisistratusPeisistratus (py*sihs*truht*uhs) seized (py*sihs*truht*uhs) seized power in 560 B.C.power in 560 B.C.

Peisistratus won the support of the poor by dividing Peisistratus won the support of the poor by dividing large estates among landless farmers.large estates among landless farmers.

He gave money and jobs to poor people.He gave money and jobs to poor people.

Democracy in AthensDemocracy in Athens

The most important leader after Peisistratus died The most important leader after Peisistratus died was was CleisthenesCleisthenes (klys*thus*neez). (klys*thus*neez).

Cleisthenes took power in 508 B.C. and is credited Cleisthenes took power in 508 B.C. and is credited for creating a for creating a democracydemocracy in Athens. in Athens.

Cleisthenes reorganized the assembly, or Cleisthenes reorganized the assembly, or EkklesiaEkklesia (ek*layz*ee*uh), and gave them more power.(ek*layz*ee*uh), and gave them more power.

Most importantly, Cleisthenes created a new council Most importantly, Cleisthenes created a new council of 500 citizens called a of 500 citizens called a BouleBoule (boo*lay) to help the (boo*lay) to help the assembly carry out daily business.assembly carry out daily business.

Athenians chose the members of the council each Athenians chose the members of the council each year in a lottery which they believed to be fairer than year in a lottery which they believed to be fairer than an election that might favor the rich.an election that might favor the rich.