Before•Preview•Set goals•Activate Schema

During•Predict•Picture•Relate•Monitor•correct

After•Recall•React

Three THINKING Stages

You can’t tell the difference between good and bad readers by watching them.

Myths◦ Good readers read fast◦ Good readers read effortlessly◦ Good readers don’t need to think too much◦ Good readers don’t need to reread

Good readers work hard to assimilate the information they read.

Good readers understand the processes involved in reading

Good readers consciously control their reading ways.

Good readers are metacognatively aware (they know about knowing)

Poor Good

Poor readers don’t know when they don’t know.

Good readers monitor their comprehension.

Poor readers focus on facts. Good readers place details within a larger framework of understanding

Poor readers don’t pay attention to the ways they read.

Good readers think about their reading strategies and adapt them for different tasks.

They continue to read without comprehending.

Good readers have ways to resolve their confusion.

1. Predict: Make educated guesses

1. Predict: Make educated guesses Good readers make predictions about thoughts,

events, outcomes, and conclusions. Anticipate what comes next. Anticipate the final conclusion. Anticipate examples and explanations Predictions involve you with the author’s thinking As you read, your predictions are confirmed or

denied. When your prediction is invalid, make new ones.

2. Picture: Form images

2. Picture: Form images The words and ideas should trigger mental

images that relate directly or indirectly to what you read.

These depend on the reader’s experience and personality.

Visualizations enhance the ideas and make them easier to assimilate into your schema

3. Relate: Draw Comparisons

3. Relate: Draw Comparisons Relate new information to your existing

knowledge. This is a two way process. You embellish the information you read. You make the information you read part of

your schema. Relating helps you to digest the information

you read.

4. Monitor: Check Understanding

4. Monitor: Check Understanding Keep an ongoing summary of what you are reading. Pause, sometimes, to review the summary in your

head. Constantly consider how each part you read relates

to the overall message. When certain information doesn’t seem to fit, try to

resolve the confusion. Good readers know when they understand

completely.

5. Correct Gaps in Understanding Don’t let gaps continue to exist. When you read in a second language,

sometimes, you need to tolerate confusion longer, but keep trying to resolve it. By continuing to read with questions in your mind. By rereading particular sentences for better

comprehension. By figuring out certain words or expressions. By reviewing your internal summary. By getting help from others.

When you read, how do you do each of the following? Try to give one specific example for each.

1. Predict

2. Picture

3. Relate

4. Monitor

5. Correct