,

24/25TH AUGUST , 1970 . CRIMINAL CASE NO . 341/70 .

IN THE SUPREME COURT OF SOUTH AFRICA

(Transvaal Provincial Division .)

THE STATE

versus

B • S. RAHOTSE AND 19 OTHERS .

BEFORE: THE HONOURABLE MR . JUSTICE VILJOEN .

ON BEHALF OF THE STATE: ADV . J . H. LIEBENBERG, S . C. , with

ADV . D . Iv . ROTHWELL and ADV . D. UYS .

ON BEHALF OF ACCUSED NO .1 : ADV . S . KENTRIDGE , S. C., with

'ADV . P.J . HARE , on instructions

from MR . J . CARLSON , JOHNvNESBURG .

ON BEHALF OF ACCUSED NOS . 2 TO 20:

CHARGE:

CONTRACTORS:

ADV . S . KENTRIDGE , S . C., with

ADV . G. BIZOS , ADV. D. SOGGOT (from

25/8/70) and ADV . M. KUPER , on

instructions from MR . J . CARLSO:J,

JOHANNESBURG .

PARTICIPATION IN TERRORISTIC ACTIVITIES .

LUBEE RECORDINGS (PTY) LIMITED ,

PRETORIA .

VOLUME 3

Pages 79 - 188.

- 79 -

Not-] My Lo r d , if on e appl ies thi s principle , i t i s

unnecessary for me t o show i n support of thi s p l ea t lwt t ::e

a ccused could on t he first i nd ictment have been CO:1Vict l;:.: (.l 0:

terro ris tic act ivities aec nomine , it i s e nough t o S !IOv1 th e'.t

o n t he first indic t r.i~ nt they coul d have been conv icted of

the very misconduct '-lith which they a r e now char [,ed , alb€::' t

under a different na me . That is to say My Lord , the mi s -

conduct Vlh i ch i s chare:ed aga inst them here , r ead inrr t :)(~

indictment as i t is , is t hat they were members o f th e ANC

and carri ed on t he act i. v iti es of the AN C with t he in tent~or. 10

to over -.::hrow the State by vio l enc e . On the first inc.li ctmer:t

it i s that very mi sconduc t with which they were charged and

of which they c ould have been conv ict ed , al t hough on th a t

charge it would have been an offence under the Suppr essio:"'!

o f Communism Act .

t1y Lord , this submission is ful l y bornt:! out with

res pect , by the de cis ion of the full Dench of t h i s DiviBion,

in the cas e of S . v . Davids on , 196 4(1) S . A., 19 2 . T.l<3 t Has a

j Udgnent of His Lo rdship Mr . Justice COLEMAN , conc1.lrr :~d ir. 1)"

His Lordship Mr . Justice Gale-ut - i t i s thu s bind in~. t·1y Lord,20

in t h is Divis ion , and the facts of t ha t case and t :te a.r~"":!T1en't '3

advance d are essent i a l to an unde r s tanding of the si('"ni~icanc E:

of th~ decision .

I n tha t case t:he accused had origina lly been char~ed

wi t:h forgery a nd ut tering . He had been acqu itted . He was

then charged with the ft , alte rnatively fraud, anj t he second

charee was based on the same conduct a G that which fo r med the

basis o f the first charee , a nd th e argument f or t h e St at e ,

whic t) i s reporte d , was that the pl ea o f autre fois aCQu:i. t

should not have been u pheld as i t ~.Jas by the Hag i s tra t e , 30

be ca use , the Learned Attorn~y-G~n eral a r gue d , on th~ firs t:

charg~ he sa id the c :cused coul dn ' t have been f o un d guilty 0 1"

the ft ! •••

- 80 -

t heft o r fraud . In o the r Hor ds , hE arp-ued , on a charl~e of

forg~ry a n d utterin r- onE: cannot be fo un d !?' ui l ty of tt~ l.;; ft or

frat..j . No"r!-ty Lord , the Court was pr-evared to acee: t th2 t ;1-

coul j n ' t ha ve bee n found ~uilty of theft o r fr a ud on th~

fi rs t char ge , but i t none the l ess rejected the Sta t e ' s su!:. ­

miss lon and it held th a t what was r e levant \Vas not the nf!rv-!s

of t.le c ri Ii'e but t he s u bstance of the crimi na l ccnuuc t W ... l1C':-,

for~e d th~ basis of both charees . The Le~rned JuG[.e , after

ci ting: t he d i c tum in Lo n g: I 5 c ase abo ve , thil t i t is no t ~nou .'1:

t o Pilpport t hE.; [l l ea thaT the fact s a r e the same , \oIen t en t o 10

say thi s - and I quote a t l e n r th f r om the judgrrlent 1 Hy Lord -

" Mr . :loodie a r g ued that s ubstan t ia l i dentity

exi sts be t Heen t~/O crimes on ly when one of tno s€!

cri~es contain some but no t a ll of the e l eme nt s

of t he othe r . Thu s he contended th er e i s s ub-

s t anti 2. l identity <"lhen culpable homicide i s Ch Fll' red

a fter an aco'.li ttal for murder in respect o f tho.::

same occasion , but I:ot when t he t wo c har("'" cs J.I"e

utte ri n)'" and f raud , because of the d i fferen o''"

between t he definition of utte rinr: and that of

fraud . Wi t h th i s submission I am unab l e to

agree . Substant ial iden tity it seems t o rr.c ,

means identi ty i n substance , tha t is i n

essential s , .J.S opposed t o absolu t e i dentity

which would r eq ui re that the t wo charres be

identical in e very r espect .

Whe n seek ing t o apply the t est l aid down in

Long ' s case , I mus t , I t h ink , g O beyonG the

defini tion5 of the t wo or nore offences which

fal l to be considered . I mu s t cO f'1'l pa r e thos e

offences as char~ed . I f the offenc es as

charred a r e identical 1n s ub s t a nce , e ven thouph

they / •••

2Q

30

- 81 -

they may diffe r in immate rial r espe cts , t j ) €

t es t is in my jud~ment satisfied , a nd I ~o

l urther and say t h a t its s ne cific unV~t.'f\.J. l

conduct is such that it may properly bc"'!

des cri bec and char~ ed as the cO~T.is s i on o f

more t han one crime known t o o ur 1al;1 , to

char~e a man wi t n two of tho se cri!"'.€ s cn

those :acts would be t o c harge him t t"ice

'..Ji t h t he s ame o ffe nce :Jr 5ubs t ant ial l v t ~1':~

saw€: affenc,'! under different naf!".c s . II 1 oj

That i s p'oin rr t o be t he subfTliss i on h e re , ~~y Lo !"'d . The.

::.;pecific unlaHful conduct: which has beBn l a i d a t the door of

the accused can prope r l y be descri bed and c ha r rred a s a cri ne

ei t her under th e Suppress ion of Communis m Ac t or under t he

Terrorism Act . But to char~e twic e cannot be cone , e ven i f

i n t h2 first case the charge i s unde r one Act a nd in the

second case it is under a nothe r .

My Lor d , I car ryon with my quot ation from tr.e j l..&Q~Jr,e n "t -

"As Mr . Justice SCHReI NER put it in o t r!~i ll l s

cas e , lookin~ a t t he substance of the ~atter

as should be done in cases of autrefois acgu i~ ~

i t i s not me r e ly th e name s o f the cri f'lE: and t he

m1 sconduct t ho t ~a tter but the i r r~a l ~~ u iva l e nt ~ .

Now wh a t e ver t he de f initions of utt erin r , the f t

by fa l s e pre t en ce s ilnd frau d r.-.ay be , it i s c l e ar'

that t he only conduct r e l i e d upon 1n t hE utt .:!ri n r

c ha r ge arains t the r e sponde nt in Jul" , 1962 ,

was the conduct whi~h \<Ias r e l ied upon i n

Oc t ober , 1962 , i n s upport of the t he ft and

20

fraud charBes . Each of th e three charfYe s whic h 30

I h a ve me nt iane d was laid in r espect of t hz s a .. I-2;

o ffe nc e , al t ho ugh that o ff e n c e tvas e iven a

diffe rent / •••

- 8 2 -

diffe r enL na~e i n eac h case . If the respond e~t

had bee r. f o und f,uil t y o f th e utte ring. cha r rre in

July , a nd puni s h e d f o r it , coul d he i n O c t 'JI- , ~_-

have be en convi c t ed on th e s a ]'T'e fac t s of t~e ~ i:

or fraud or bo th a nd pun i s hed arl'a in ? The s 'l CT ,!! cs tion

t ha t h e c ould of f e n d s df ain s t one ' s sense o f

j u s ti ce , and it of fe nds al so aeain s t th~

principl e whi ch the d e fe n c e o f a utrefoi s conv ict

i s d esigne d t o p~ot e ct . As a utre f o i s acgui~

foll ows t h e same pr i nc ipl e , this r easonin g l e ads ~O

t o t he conclusion tha t t he r1a~ i strate I 5 d eci sion

was corr ect . "

NOH My Lor d , thi s judg me;l t , wi th s ubmission , mak~ s i t

c l ear tha t wha t mus t: be l ooke d t o is t he a lle p"ed crimin a l

conJ uc t r el i ed on i n each char~e . Hhe t i1e r or not: tile a c cusec

CQui d have b ee n c onvicted o n t~e firs t ind ictme nt 0= t h 8

a ctua l s t a tu t o ry o ff e n ce of t e r r ori s ti s a c tivities , which I

wi l l deal with in d u e course , wh e th e r t ha t i s 3 0 or nc ~~ The

cri min a l c ond uc t IVi t h wh ich th e y h a ve b e en c har-feu "'5 -·.h(~

same in boTh cases . Aga in t h 6 fact s in O' Ne il l ' ,,; Ce~~

~rovide a con ve n i e n T i llus t ra t ion . In the f i r s t case t t e

e ss e nce of the crimi nal cond t:c t wes t a kin r' rr:.o ney a!1cJ nc ::

handi n f" it t o the Ra ihlays . On the s econ d s t atu t o r y char (~ ~,

the c h a r g e was simpl y t ha t he h a d n I ·t hande d out ti ck.·' t s - t!lr:

q uestion of not h a n c i n g mone y to t he Railway s d idn ' t come

i n t o it. So th a t wa s di f fe r €nt c o n d u c t . But he coul d nev .:: r

h ave be~ n char ged a g a in i f t he e sse nce o f the cond u c t ch a .... !Ted

ae ai ~s t h i m was t ha t h e h a d t aken ~oney a nd n o t hand e 0 it

o ver, e v e n i f the se c o n d time it wa s a cha~g e under a

spec i fi c Ra ihla v r eg ul a t i on of which h e c ould no t h a v e bee n 30

foun e.. I! lli l ty o n ~ i s fi rs t ind i c tme n t.

t~y Lor d , I s u bmit a l s o , turning back t o par arr r aph 11 01 "",

h e ac!.s / •••

- U 3 -

head s o f a r r ument t that i t i s u s e fu l h e rp. t o a!'lo l v t ', e tes t

refe r r e d t o by Hr . ,Tus 1: i ce CO LEMP N a t t he e nd of the p<'ls s ap.e

c i .... G,j . : 'ty Lo n ..l , i f t he acc'...:sed , instead of be:':1'! d c <), ui1: t ed

b y t1r . J u s tic.:= B£'<KER hC!d been c o nvic t e d by him o n t h <::. f i rst

i nd ic t men t , it i s sur e ly u n thinkabl e t hat the y coul d ha ve

:J e e,~ t r i .:d cril i r: heI'~ u nder the ~resen t ind i c t ment and be fou~!d

£ uil tv a nd pun i sh~d ara in, b €;! CallSG tiy Lord , Vl i 't hout c::O .... ll ;

in t o de t di l, the s lightest pe rus a l o f thE: t wo ind i c t: "'1e:1 t:s

ind i ca t es that s uc h a co urse woul d o ff e nd anyo n e ' s s e n se ef

j u s tice . One s ees a t a g l a nce t ne o ve rl a ppi ng , t h e s ub- 1 0

3 t a nt ial Qve r lappin" o f the two i n a i c t me nt s anti My Lot'd , I do

s ub;Ei t tha t i t i s simp ly !"lot c o nc e i va ble t hat if t oe" h ad

been convi c t e d the fir s t t ime ~ t hey coul d hav~ been ~ rrn i ~ n ed

o n t ~1is i nd i c t me n t . And the f a c t t h a t t he y ucrc acq\l it t ~d

and not c o nv i c t ed , I submit , ca nno t a lter the ve li d i ~y o ~ t te

a r g ument .

~1y Lo r d , a nother t es t whi c h h as bee~ appl i ed in Or-CP1'

to t ~~ s t whe t he r t h1o: r' f". i s a subs t a ntial i d e nti ty be t V1 eeli t :".8

of f~ ilC~ S char~E:d i s whe t her , i f t he t wo i ndi('tr,ent s t ... cre

comG ine d a nd r e duc ed t o t~.JO c umul a tive c hdr l?,€S , t here wou l d 20

be a '.Jr'ong f u l sp l it ting o f c ha r z.:!s . That was a t es t a')p lied

by t he fu l l Ben c h o f the Natal Pr ovincial Divisio n in

St eenka mo ' s ca3e , 1957 ( 3 ) S . A. , 1 68 , a t pa~e 1 72 , a ~e i n st

t he le tter " El " . And tly Lo rd ) i n due cours e I >;'li l l as k

Your Lord;:il". ip Vlh e:l hTe 1'70 t h r'0urh th e indic t me nt s t c beal' tha t

t est ~n mind a l so .

If 'io ur Lo r ds hi p t-J e r e p rt:: s ent ed wi t h an ind i c t l:: i:!nt in

which t h e Su ppr ess i on of ComrflUn i sm c h a. r oes wer e Count 1 ,

a nG t he Terroris., c •. a r.pes toJer e Count 2 , and Your Lor dsh i p

W el~e aske d t o con v i.ct them o n bo t h c ()unts , r s u b mit t11tt"t i'1 1: 30

o nce th E:: pros e cution Houl d be ITl-= t 1 3nd successfllll", '!l· t ~ H:'" T. D

a pl ~a that t ha t i s a sp l i ttin g o f ch a rres . c1J'!

- 84 -

informed t hat i n ot her cases where. one h as had c harres under

the Te rrori sm Act , one has sometime s found tha t in the

<3.1 ~-\~rnative th oz a ccu se d t-1 C'!'e c h arfTed unde r the SUrpre 5 s~on

of Co mmun i s i"' Ac t on th o::! same fact s . But I do s ubmi t that it

Hould be an unthinkabl e s plitting t o have these two cha r r e s

in the sa:i,e indictmen t , a n I... Py Lord, if one can I t h a ve the

tHO of the m together in one i:1dictrnent , then I submit o n ~

can ' t ha ve t hem in successive indictments .

Pos s ibly t he full e st consideration o f what i s :mean '! by

substanti a l identity be t h'een the of fenc es charaed , or 1 0

char~es f o r the purpo se s o f t his plea , i s t o be found l. n t~.0

j udg~ent of Lord ~ORRI S in th e House of Lor ds i n

Conno l l y v . The Director of Publi c Pros ecutio n s - the anrc::.:,J

case reference i s 1 964 , Appe al Cases , 1 2 54 , in the All e npldna

Repo~ts . It is 19 6 4( 2 ) All En '"'.: l a r: d Reports , 4 0 1 . I 3:"": ~'\ )lr.-

to try t o deal with t hi s jud['"mE.'nt in some detail, if I fTlCi"

g ive a Ho rd o f e xpl ana tion why .

In the first pl ace My Lord , the South Afri can c c1ses C'·

a utr~fois aC(Jui t , i ncluding Ar'pel l a t e Divis ion c as e s ,

indicate that basically our l aw on this matter i s th e same 20

a s the Eng lish l aw , and f urthe r moI'0 , I shall ShOt4 , or 1 hore

t o show, that the t est state d or r <'l. ther re:: - stated in

Connolly ' s c as e , i s in fact the t es t a pplied ov e r and ov~r

a gain in numero us So uth African cases . My Lcrd , t he fa c t s of

Connol ly ' s ca se are rl. lso o f iTTlPortance in cons iderinp: t hE:

principl e s t ate d in the judg~ent .

I n Connol l y ' s c a se th e accused had beeD. foun d CTL: il tv ')f

murder by u. J ury , but the conviction had been se t a ::adc b y

the Court o f Criminal Apfleal on the ground s of a n i s dir.'G:c tim.

of t he Jud;:e , and appa rently , accordinfj t c t he Enr, l i s h La,.1 30

o f Cr iminal Procedure , t his amounte d to an e. c quitta L The

accused was t he n indicted o n a c harge of robbery , and tHe

c i rcums t ancer. / • . •

- 85 -

circumstanc es of the robb~ry were conne ct~d with the ~ lr­

cums t ances of th~ murde r of which h0 had been '3.cqui tted . He

ple ad e d autrefois aC q ui t d!1d that Hu S t'Gjected i n a ll cou r ts ,

and it was re jected specifical ly on 'the ground tha t the

p r oof L "l at t he accused had c ornmi "(ted robbe r y Hasn ' t in­

con s istent t·,i th his previous acaui Ltdl , it wa s n I t a revel"sd l

of tha t a cquittal . To pl"Qve th a t he c eroni t t e (l t :--tE: robberv

did no t entail proc f th~t he h 2.d c:JmMi tt ed t h e rwrder of

,,]hich !1 (~ Vias 2cqui ttec . So t he contr ast betwee n th e fdc t s

of that case and t he fa cts of th i s one i s apparent bec~ us .. ~ 10

here: I s ay , ~y T.jord , to pro ve th~t the accused have cO!n!TIi tted

thes ~ terroristic a ctivi t i es wi ll invo lve nr~ v 5n~ t ha t t hev

had commi t ted those vcrv u n l awfu l aCT. ivi ties of '~Jhich th=!\'

H<_ r e a cqui "'t t ed by iir . J u :;; ti ce DEKKER .

At p<~ : e 1305 of t he Appeal Cases Re port s , Lord !'lC>RY.IS

set Ol~t what h~ ca l ls t h e eovel'ni nr pr inciples of t he pJ.ea ,

a!1d h ;:: s aie! t his -

1I1n my view bo t h princip l e and authority

establish :

1. Tha t a !"':an cannot be t r i ed for a fr i JT:e

In respec t: of \1hic~ he has p r ..::. vio :lsly bel.: n

acquitt~d or ~onvicted;

2 . Th ,:~ t a T'lan c annot be t r' i ed for a cr ire:

in respect of which h e could o n SOI"l.C p r e vio us

indictment ha ve been co!"victed;

3 . That the saI':'l€ r ul e arrlies iT t he Crl ll'K~ i n

r eS f\ect of "'hich he i s be in( c il ~ rr~d t i s in

eff ec t the same o r is substantial ly the sane

as ei ther t;;e r'ri ncip~ l cr ir.>€ or a dif['~ :--~ nt

20

crime in respe c t of which he has been acq uitt ed 3J

or coul t..! have be en conv i cted or has ueen

convi cted ;

- 85 -

11 . Tha t one te s t a s to whe the r th e rul e apn l ~. es

is whe ther the e videnc e which i s ne ce ssar y t o

support th e s e cond indictmen t , o r whe t.he r t h . .;

fa c ts which 2o n s tit u i.e the s e c o nd offer:c G woul d

have bee n suffic i ent to procure a l e .Ta l con­

v ictio n u pon the fir s t indictme nt , e i t;,,;~ r a s t o

the o ffence char~e d or as t o the o:fe nce of which

on t he ind ictne nt t he accused c o u l d h a ve bee ••

f o und guilty ;

5 . Thi s t es t mu s t: b e subiect to the p r'ovi so that 1 Ll

t he of f e nc e charged i n the seco nd indi c tment had

in f a c t b e en co~ui tted at the t1me of the fir s t

ch a r ge . Thu s i f t he r e 1 3 a n assault and a

prosecut i o n a nd convictIon i n r espect o f i t ,

t here i s no b a r t c a c harg e o f murder i f t h e

a ssaul ted ners o n l a t e r die s ;

6 . That o n a p l ea o f au tre f o is acguit o r c o nvic t

a man i s no t r es tricted t o a c ompari s on be t\.:e e n

a l a t e r indict ment a nd some previo us i ndic t ment

or t o the r e cords o f the cou rt , bu t he ma y pr o ve 2U

by e vidence a ll s u c h que stion s as to t he identit, ·

of pe r sons , dates and fact s a s a re neces s a r y t o

e nabl e him t o ShOH that he i s be in p" c hcJ.rcred h' ith

an offe nc e which i s e ithe r the s a~e o r s u b-

stantial ly the same a s on e in r e s p e c t c[ \.Jh ic h

he ha s be en acqu itte d or convicted ;

7 . That Hhc. t has to be co r.s id e r e d is I ... het h..:: r the

c r ime o r o ff e nce cha r ged in the late r i~ d ic t­

me nt is the same or is in effe ct or i s sub-

stantiallv the s a me a s the crime charGe d , or

in r espect of which the r e c o uld have be e n a

c o nv i ct i on 1n a f o r me r i nd ictme n t , a~d t ha t

i t I •••

,lC

- 37 -

it i s immaterial that the facts under

exami!1atior:. cr' t he wi t nesses beini: c a lled

in t he l ater -;:) roc ~e c in~s ar e the sa~G as - -tnose i n so!:-.e eelrl ~ er nr o c eed inf;s . "

NO'I,' My Lord , I dAn I t h a ve t o se t o u t nrinci~l es ~ and 9 ,

they have no re l i!! v a nce here . But 1 \.mul d l ikc~ to r!o b a ck to

f'l I'inci.1)les 3 a!1 ('.i 4 which I GU DMit , arc i ndeed Ot l'e l e vanc e

here . In p.Jrae raph 3 th ~~ rul e is s t a t ed ve ry much c\s i t

was b y Mr . Justic e SCHFETNET\ i n O' Neill ' s ca S E: - t .l. ,z crirr,{~

~l ,us t be th~ same or ir. f;; ff -= ct t he saM.e o r sub.;; t ar,tial ly t'l e 1 0

S di:lE. as t he c r i me of wh ich he has been acqui t t e c . And t he n

pa r a g r<lph 4 rAy Lo~d , is the kev principle f or pre s en t

purpo s e s . One test is whc tt' e r the e videnc 02 which i s ne c Es::;,,!ry

t o support the second in dictmen t or the facts wh i .::!l C Q!1 -

st i t ut e 'the se c o nd o ff ence , \ .... oul d h a ve bee!1 s u-:':f i -:: i Lnt t o

pr ocure a l era1 con viction u po n the f irst indi c 'ttlent .

Th i s is p!'ecise l y the case here . The e v idenc0. , .. hir.::h 1 :"

necessar~1 t o s uppor t th~ second indict~ent , the f a c t 3 c on-

s ti tu t ing the sec ond o f f e nce , \-10uld hAve been e r. tir0.1y

s u ff icient t o !1rocure a l eg-al c c n v i ction on t he f -:"rst Ll - 2 ,)

dictment .

At t he foot of paee 26 I c ite a no t her i~porta r.t pa5sa~e

fro m t !!G j ud('"m~~ nt of LO"i. ... J HO RR IS , a t pa pe 1 309 he s a i d -

li lt mat "t ers not that inc icents a nd OCC a Sl.OIIS

bzi nq; (! xar.. :' ~ed o n t l l~ tria l of th e second in-

we re e x ami ne d on the tri al o f t he [ irs"t . Th o...

Cour' t is concerll€C v!ith charoes o f o ff enc,!s

or CrJ.I"lC S . The t <,.; 3 t is t h e refore wheth e r s uch

proof as i n nec e ssa ry t o c onvict e,f t ::'..;. second 30

off0nC (~ "";oul <..i es t ab lish g uilt of t !-,e fi r s t

o f : en c:. -= , or of a n offe nce for \-lhich on the fi r st

c ha r !":: '?:! •••

- 88 -

Ch2I'[7€ there could be a conviction . Appl y io2

to the present case the lat.J as l aid dov;:1 , the

que s ti on i s whe ther proof that t!1ere vlRS

robbery with dP'!!ravatio!1 "')QuI d s upnort a ch"'lI'p€

of murder o r Ir.ans l aufh ter . It seems to me quite

cle a r th'l t it" \;O l~l d not . 1I

And Ny Lord , with r espect , Lord MO RR IS must have been

entire l y correct - one can prove a robbery a nd convi c t a man

::> f r obbery with ag p- ravation wi thou ·t showine t hat he was i t',

any 'Aay responsible f o r t i1e death of th e vi c tim . In othe r' 10

words , one can get ho:ne on the second indictment witho ut"

provine the offence uncleI' the first . Here Hy Lord , it i s

quite different , because proof of th e se terrori s tic

activities as here charged , woul d SUpDort th <.:: c harp.c un l; e r

the firs t indictment . In o th e r words , in order to p:ct ~Io":le

on this secon J ind ictment , th e State ha s got t o r.!'ove t he.

offe nce which to/as chaT' ~red in t!1e first i ndictment. Ana t l i::

ve ry tes t, according to Lord HORRIS at pape 1311 , i s al sl"') t :lr:'

te s t a s t o whether the neVl char"e i s the same as , or sUh­

stan tially the same as , or in effect the same as the char"~ 20

containe d in the earli~ r indict~ent. So if o ne want s to nSY.

whether t h i s charee i s s ubstantially the sar.e , the question

one a sks i s this. If the Stat e i s t o ee t a convict ion h e['(; ,

will they a t the s ame ti 1TJe have to prove th a t the accuse d

had committ e d the offe nce of \o/hich th e y were acqu itted on th ,~

first inaictment?

A~ain Ny Lord, at par e 1 327 , Lord HGRRIS said -

liThe test i s v,hethe I' the essential infJredient

of t he robbe ry c harp'e o r t he e vide nc l:E! ne ces sa.ry

to sus t ain it , would suffie..? t o o r'ove a ch.:, r .... e 3C

of murder or manslaugh ter . The a n s wer se~mr

t o me to be clearly no . n

One / • ••

- 89 -

On~ ~an u:.ders tan d it . The essenti a l inr redient of th~

r'ob~c ry c h.:. rqe Cen ' t s u fficl".! to pr0v '" a char~e of r;'lUrde!" or

ffidll s l a ughter . But in th(~ present inst a nce 1'1y Lor d , this

questio n vlou ld have to be answGr .ed affir~utivC2 1y . ....r u st

chang ing the langu a~ e - the essenti a l inrr ~J i en t3 o f thi s

Terrorism charge and the e v idence nece s s ary t o 5u st<l in i t ~

wi l l s uffice t o p r ove t he charg e of con 1: ravE:ni n"T th~;

Suppre s s i o r. vf Coa .... u n isrr:. Ac t as char~ed i n t ilG f ir s "!:; i n r.: ict -

foen! •

My Lord , i n the cou rse o f his judfme nt , L or'd MORRr S 10

a l so ci t G.d the words o f COBURN , C. J ., in R. v . Elrin i- ton ,

186 1 , a n d h y Lor..!, thi s wlth r ? s :,ect , l S vl e 11 fl ut e It i ~; a n

aln s tatc1"'.ent ~1 Ut I s u bmit that the l Ofic nnd justice of it

si"e?k for th·2; mselves . What Lor.: CO l3LiRN said vIa s t h:' :; -

11 1..] 1:: must b €;!a r- in mind t he \Je ll establisheCl

pr inci ple o f our Cr iminal Lan ~ that a 5er ~2S

of ch:"'re;es , t h a t i s charges pre f e rred in

s ucces s ive i ndictments , shall not be p r 'e fe r!'eu ,

and ,vhe t her a party accus ed of a !:'li nor

offence i ; a c quitted or convic~ed , he s h a l l

not be cha r ged a r; a i :t on t he sa rr;e facts in a

more a o:graveted form . IT

Anc t hat i s ',:hy My Lord , when 3. pe rson i s ch2.r'~ed ':li th

corrcnon assault - a nd l ~ t us Sc"lV he i s acquitt l". d - th~ St c:t~

c a n ' t sny , \..rell no..,.. we a r e go ing t o see if I.ve can "" et hi !'"

c o nvi ct,-:,· d of assault with int e nt t o commit CTr i~vous hod il \'

h arm .

NV Lord, I ,J, l ~o !'cfet' to Fl s hort f'as~af" ~ : r o m tht:. - -j ud p(''!en t o f Lord DEVLI:l at )i1[e 13 41, an d. he sta t es t r.oe

propo~ i t ior in t his way -

liThe ;)I'o::-osi tion is t ha t t he ole ,,:: , that 1 5 0 :

autre ~ois dC (1 ui t , c a n <,-ris e wheneve r :tn OrGel' to

prove / •••

10

30

- 90 -

prove the o ff e nc e alle~td o n the second i ndic t ­

ment the pr osecut ion i s obli~ed to prove that

the accused has committed a.n offence of wh i ch

he has pre viou., ly been eit":c r c onv ic t ed or

a c quit t e d . "

No w one c a n see how it app l ies t o Co nno lly ' s cas e - t o

pr ove t he r obbe r y t he St a t e was ~o t obli~ed t o prove t hat

t he ·."ic t im ha":' died . But h .~ re My Lo rd , in order' t o Dro ve

the ~pec i f ic t e r r or is t ic ac t i vities char ged , t he St ate is

ob l i~e d t o prove t h a t the acc us e d had c a r ried o n thoSE: vcr·y 1 0

ac t i °.,ities which con s tituted o ffe nces u nde:.!' t he i ir st i.!­

d ictme n t .

My Lord , I shou l d say th&~ Lo r d DEVLIN wen t c n to s t a t e

one provi so , a n d t h at i s -

" At t he t i me o f t he t r i a l t h e offe nc e mus t be

c ompl e t e . II

That i s t o say , i f one t a k es the cases of assault or

murder , t here is thi s s oecia l pr o v iso t ha t i f a "t tl·le time uf

the ~irs t tria l on assau l t , th e v i ctim h a dn ' t d i ed , then on~

c an if he d i es l ~ter , charp,e again wi t h murder . That i s 20

what ~s mea nt wi t h t he offence be i np compl e t e . Tha t is t o

say , on t he fi. r s t c h a r ge he coul dn ' t e ver ha ve been charred

t",ith murder , let a l one convi c t e d - the pe r son h a dn' t died .

Here of c our se , Hy Lor'j , if t e rrorist ac tivitie s "/e r e

committ e d , t hey we r e c or;1mitted on t his ir,dictr!le nt be f o r e the

date o f the acquit tal of the accused , a nd t he fac t tha t

c e rtain l a t er con seque n ·tia l offences by co - con spira t or s a r e

t hrown i n , doesn ' t affec t t h e bas i c nrincip l e .

Hy Lc r d , i n re ne r al t h e pr inc i pl es appl ied by ot.:.r

cou rts in th i s bra nch o f th~ l aw, do not di ffe r from those 30

applied by the EnGlish cou r t s , a nd I ci t e Manasowitz ' s c a s e ,

t ha t is 19 33 , A. D. , pa~e 165 . Ye ur Lord si~ ip will s~e tilat on

- 91 -

par: e 1 ~)8 , 21 tho ugh t he Lear ne d Judre refe r's t o Voet , th(-

Le a rned J ud ge , or t he Learned Chief ,.jus tice , 1 s hou l :' 3 ;:.: ',

ap '"\ li e s t he En rr lish rules a nd th E: Engl i sh aut horitiEs , and

iv1y Lo r'd , so too d i d Hr . Justice DE VI LL I ERS i n hi~ iud..--""e r. -t.

at t ;1e top of page 182 . And furth e r more , the t e st -;'1hic'-:

Lord HORRI S stated i n Con noll y ' s case i s a lso O]"! e r:'-;ic; h2.s

t i me and again been acce~ted and app l ied in o ur O"..,m c·')urts .

On e C2.se in Hhieh i i,: '..-.as sta te d e nd a crli c d a nI.. "Ihi eh

has frequ ently be a n f o llowed , 1S th e case of Ls vy v . R. , 1 90 6

20 , Eastern Di s trict s Court . My Lord , the r .:: f er0nce should 10

be pag E: 272 , if Your Lo rdsh i p would" t t mind ch2n r,: ing it in

t he heads . Th2t HdS a iudf r!l'~ n t of Hr . J ust ic t::. KOTZE , 1/]110

h'as th eL Jud r e PrE:sid ~nt of the I ast >2: rn Distr.icts Court , Cl:1 Cj

a t p Ci!' e 274 , on a ~ lca of autrefois a c quit , h e sa id t ha~

"Th!£! true t e st i s v]he th2r tr',l e vi d e:: n ce necessary

to suppor t th e: s econd indictme Dt woul G ha v e b~en

suffici ent t o f'rocure a l e ga l co nv i. ct ~on UDo n

t he f ir s t . Tha t ru l e: is both CO~J!1on s e n :; -. and

good l a'.-.' . II

Th""n j-ly Lord , in thi s Divis i on , in Petersen v . r~ex , 18 1 0; °

Trans vaal Prov incial Divis ion , 859 , a judnrl.ent of t he ;: 1.:.11

Benet. of t h i s Di vi s ion , th is r u l e "laS a l so stat"Jd by

~lr . J u s tic e h'ESSE LS , cmd he s t a tes is o n pas: e 865 In the

f!1iddle of the pas::e , if Your Lordshi r ' would tak .:;. t h e ,-:' cf(" r 8nCC ,

and h e said - h~ app lie s t h e s t atement of t h <~ I cJ \!.] i n

E r. ~ l ish court s and he say s -

" The q uestion we h ave t o ask ourse l vas 1..8 ,

\o.Iould th~ far.ts a ll e pcd in th E:: second

i nd ictment h a ve suf f iced t o pr ocure some

convic tion o n the fir s t indictment . " 30

Sene c onvic t i.on o n t 1"10 firs t indj ctm::: n t . Th i s is t "i-:. ·~

test a pplie d by Ba r o n l ~ UDDLESTO l'.! E in R. v . Gi1l :r'our, an : n,:

quo t ~ s / . ••

- 92 -

quo t e s him -

" The authorities c lea r l y s how that an accused

person who r elies on a pr e v ious acquitta l

mus t make o ut s ati sfac t ori l y tha t h e has been

acquitted of th e identica l charEe before , or

"that h~ coul d u pon the trial of the fir s t

ind ictme nt , have been l awfully convict ed o f

t he off e nce Hhich 'vas char(! e d i n t !1e second

i ndi c tmc.nt •• • "

Anc he goes on t o ask the question -

" On t he facts alleged in t hE' second indict ment

h e,=,€ , could the D!"' i soner have been convicted

of indecen t assault? "

Then My Lor d t t urning t o more r e ce nt tifYles , the r e 1S

the judgment of t h0 full Bench of t he Orange Free S tat~

Pro vinc i al Division , in 1961, in the case of S . v . VOI's t er ,

1961(4 ) S . A. , 863 , at ra~e 867 , agai nst th e l e t ter "Oil , and

t his i s what Has sa i d by Hi s Lordsh i p Mr. Jus tice r::KSTEEN -

"Die vraag b l y e~ ter of die appellant by sy

10

eers"t e verhoor in gevaar ges t aan he t om sku l dig 20

bevind t e word aan die mi sdr yf hom in d i e

t weede akte van be skul di g inE t e n laste eC1e , o f

and er som , of di e ge tuie ni s wa t nodi g i s om d l G

tweede aank l a e u i t t e maak , ook ~eno (! l?saa f:l

30U gewee s he t am t n sku l di r be v i ndinp or di~

eer s t e aanklar t e r e p- ver di $! o "

And a numbe r of cases are c i ted in s upnort of th"="!"t .

Then My Lord , a s I ha ve point8d o u t , that was a l so th~

test <l~pl ied 1n Nee t hling v . South Afri can Rai l ways and

Harbo ur s , 1930 , A. D. , 487 , at page 492, cited i n O ' Nei ll ' ~ 30

case . My Lo r d , fo r convenie nc~ , thi s passape is to be foun u

on page 1 8 of my heads o f a r t; ume nt . Thu t wa s the pas s a~€ :..n

wh i c h/ •••

- 93 -

\.o'hic;~ it ~.'Ias said th a t a Rai. l way ser va nt co u l dn ' t be dea ~ t

Hi t h for mi sco nduc t \olhich y}ou ld i n l a w c o ns 'ti t ute "the crimi n~ l

affe nc...! of wh ic; he I,>,'as a cqui t t -sd . In ~ the r \olords , al l I

ha w ; t o sho".} i5 t hat! a:n c har ?ed wi t h !Tlis conduct 'h'hic h in

laVl <;lould a l so con st i t ute th -:.. criminal offe nc e of "'1'lici1 I

was acquit t ec .

ConsE: que n tly Hy Lop <"; , as I sayan page 2:.1 of t he he a ds

of argur,len t , t otyar'ds t he foo t o f t h e paGe , th i :; Cou r t i s

i nv i ted r espectful ly to consider the al l ega tion s i!~ t ~la

pres~ nt ind i c t ment and t o ~: o l d th a t these a lle p-"at :Lcn s mus t 1 0

ine v i t a bly e n t a il proo f t ha t the a c c used we r e f£ u.l.l ty of one

o r bo t h of t he of f e n ces o f ylh ic h they wer e acquitted by

Mr . Jus ti ce BEKKER . And .,1y Lor u , t h i s i s no t mere ly beCdi..1S2

the ~vidence wi l l o ve r l ap , that i s to s ay , i t is not meJ.'el'i

because t he f a c t s Hhich wi l l be can va ssed i n evijenc~ arc

the same _ It is b eca use t he crimi na l cond u c t charp'ed is th ;::.

same c rimi na l conduct wh ich f ormed t he bas i s of the f irst

i nd i c tme n t .

My Lor d , d2ai n i f I can go b~ck t o the e xa :nr- l e o f

Q' :fe il l ' s c ase . l'lhe n a :nan , a t i c ke t e xaminer is ch2l r'rr ec '? "J

with no t i s suing a tick e t , t ha t is nc t th e s a lTle c r imina l

co nduc t as t ak i nfT money and no t £ l. vl.ng it to t he Ra i l way s ,

a nd i t ma tters no t that i'C i s like l y t hat in t he cours\~ of t i,e

e v i de n ce sOfTIe r e fe r ence 'Nill be mad e to the o ther "t r a n sacti on ,

to the fa c t th a t he t eak money _ But h m.' di f fe r ent it Hou l e!

be My Lo r d , if the second char ge i s a ch a r ['" E. of t a.ki n~ mone y

and no t payl.ng it over , bec a u se th a t is the SdW€ crimina l

conduct as t he f irst conduc t .

I would like t o draw Your Lordsh i p ' s d 'Cte n t i on to su~­

sect iO!: ( h ) o i Section 5 of the Terro r i sm Ac t wh i ch I q uo t e 30

o n page 30 of t he heads o f ar'S ume n t . Sec t ion. S d e ,:1 1 S Vli ~h

va rious procedural ma tt e r s , ,'!. nd wha t it SdVS i s tha t -

" No t wi t h s tand inr: / . . .

"No t HithGta ndine anything to thL contra py in

any law or the common l aw , acquittal on a

charge of havinr c ommitte d an offe nce unde r

Section 2 shall no t preclude the arra irrnmen~

of the person acqu i tted on any othe r char re ,

a ri sing out of t he acts a lle ged in res pec t

of the charge of s uch offence . n

This shows t hat the l e gislature cccept ed tha-t t he j)l c a

of autrefois acqui t ,.JQu ld ordinarily be available even ",'h E;r ~

the 3ubsequent charge i s brough t unde r some diffe r ent 10

statutory provision or pe rhaps under the common law . I t sey ~

t hat you can ' t please autre fois acquit where t he fi rst in­

dictme nt Has under the Terr ori SM Act , e ven if the second

char~e arises out of the same acts . But My Lore , t he ir.n:)r "'=: i.. :-"~

point is that there is no equ iva lent sec t ion i n t he

Suppression of Communism Ac t . If the accused had f irs "'=: beAn

charged under the Terrori s m Act and acquitted , I cou].dn t t

have taken this point a pnarently . But fort unately , if I :-nay

s ay so , there i s no s uch provi s ion i n t oe Suppress io, of

Communism Ac t .

Your Lords hip will have understood t i1C'.t on my argumen t

a nd on the authorities which I have cited t o Your Lords hi p ,

it clearly does not matter wheth e r o r nOL under tht: fi rst

indictmen t the Court could ac tually have brou-ht in a con­

vict ion for t e rrori s t activities . That of course , is c lea r ,

particularly from Davi dson ' s case where the Court sa i d th at

20

it did not matter t hat on the fir s t indictment the accused

couldn ' t have been found e u i l t y s pecifical l y o f theft . But

nonethe l ess , i t i s perhaps worth- whi l e to po int out to Your

Lord s hip that unde r the first indic t me nt , a l though there i s 30

no r <:! ferenc e i n the i nd ictme nt t o any cherc:e other t han the

charne unde r the Suppres s i on of COMmuni s m Act , tha t the

acc used/ •..

- 95 -

accused could in fact have beell found e ui1 ty if t he ~ ; tat-= hod

proved its case , under Section 2 of t he Terrorism Act, and

thi s fo l l ows fraIT. the t e rms of Section 204 of the CrifY'ir.21

Procedur~ Act: , the terr.'lS of 1",hich I have quote d in ext e n so

at the to p of page 31 of my hec.ds . That s ection reads -

" If in any other case not he r e inbefor e

specifi-:::d the comIiiission of the of fence with

wh ich the accused i s char[,ed as defined i n

the I dH cre ating th e offence , or CI.S s el:

forth in the charge , i ncludes the comn ission

of a ny other offence , th e accus ed may be

convicted of any o ff~nce 30 inc l uded t.Jh ich

is proved , a lthough the whole. o ffence charft;,'ed

1.5 no t proved ."

NOH l1y Lord , t his sec t i on d 0plie s E; ve n if t he offener:.

charved , 1.n t h is case Suppress i on of CommunisJil. Ac~ in t he

first case , doesn 1t always inc2.ude -the other offence, n ame l v

terr orist i c activities , provid ed tha t the first offence as

1 0

set forth in the chc.re e includes th e; commission o f the s e cond

offence . That appear s from th e words of t he section it self 20

but none the l ess t1y Lord , this wus sp e c i fically S0 stated In

a nu~ber of c a se s , inc l udinr that which I have c i t e~

N~ethu ' s case , 1958(4 } S . A., 175 , at page 177 . Thi s was in

the judg ment o f f'ir . Just ice ~~ATERHEYE!~ I.olhich , .. .,as concurred in

by :·lr . Justic 'O: VAN t'NK , ana ~'Ih d t i s cloi!ar l y ind icat ed t he r e

lS tha t if the o ffence as charged in an indic t ment i s also

capable o f beinG another offence , the accused can be convicted

of t h e se c on d offenc e e ve n -thoug h i t i s no t men tioned by

name . it s

My Lord, I should say that in / par ticu:ar a pplicdT.ion 3 0

of t h is princi p l e to certain offe nces under the laY! relat irw

to intoxicati ng l iquor , t he Appella t e Division disdGl"'eed ;" i t h

Np"ethu ' 51 ....

- 35 -

Ngethu ' s case , that t hey did not a pr ee wi th t h a t s t a t ement

of t he princip l e on which Section 204 applies . The relevar.c0

of t h i s i s that the offe nces unde r t~e Su r;-,!'e:::.sion o f

Communism Act as set fo r th in the first indictment , included

the commi ss ion of certain act s which are equivalent t o t hose

now charged , Hith the inten t t o o verthro\>1 th e St a te by

'!iol e nce . The c ommi ss i on o f the offence of t errorist i c

a r:: t' ivities was thus in c luded , and i t matters not that they

wer~n ' t namp.d as ter rori s t ac tivities .

r-:y Lord , this i s Hell illus t rated by the case of 1 0

~ . -, . Vi l ioen , 1923 , A . ~ . , 90 . That was a case of treaf' C'" r:

which arose out of "'the: 19 22 st r ike on the Hitwaters r a nd ,

a nd the particu l a r kind of treason charged was the c!' (~ at in8

of a tu,lUl t o r uproar \Vith hos tile intent agains t the Stat e .

Hoy! :ly Lord , in treason hostile intent: is a n eces sary in ­

gredi ..;nt . It: is not a necessary ingred I en t in sed ition .

Sedi tion is c ommi tted by comrni tt i nr- r. tumul t or an u!!r'oar

without hosti l e intent . Now , t he accused in tha t case had

bee n fo und ~ui l t y of sedit ion , a 1 tho ugh onl y "treason llad been

char~ed . Bu t "the Appel l ate Division he ld t hat i n t err.s cf 20

Section 20 4 of the Code , or rather of the section wh ich Has

the n equiva lent to Section 204 , it \"as possible t o f ind the

::nan !," u i lty o f sedition althou rrh it was not c h <r red , because

as c::arged , the offen ce of treason included s6di t ion , an::::

at t he foot of pare 95 , Si r JaMes ROSE- INNES said , he ]"'",dC C i;:

c l eaI' that -

itTreason does not a lway s ir.clude sedition

but that in t ha t ind i c tment i t inc ludea ac t s

vlh ich ano unt ed to sedi tion ana c onsequently

treason i n that charge included the cO;'l1'1.issiol1

of sediti on so tha t the verdic t \lIas a valid

on e ."

Thi s / •.•

3S

- 97 -

This ~'as appl ied also by t~e Appe llate Division j.n t he

case of R. v . Moosa and Ot he r s , 1960 ( 3 ) S . A. , 517 . The

re l e vance of t h i s case , and Hy Lord , I simpl y quote one cas t:.:

bu t t here are many othe r s , bu t wha t t his s h O'.-1s is t:la t tr.is

app l ies not only to com.~on laH of f enc es but a l so s t atutor y

o f fen c es . That particular aspect of the sec t ion i s deal'!

with at page 532 and it is made cle ar th e. t t!1.i 3 aDp'li ~s 2J.;.;0

to statutory o ffen cEs a nd a l so that it appl ies , previ cGd that

the necessa ry fac t s a re a llel?,ed i n t he c harg e , e ven L t, t}: e

statutory offence is not mentione d by na~e . 1 0

Yo ur Lordsh i p , on r~ad in ~ some of t hese cases on

Sec t i o n 204 , wil l find t ha t so~~ of th e Lea rned J ud~es

refer t o t he offen ce c harged a s the major offence and t he

second off e nce , tha t is th -.: unnal'!led offence , the one Hh ::"c:. ir;

i nc l uded , as t he mino r of f(m c e . I s ubmit the tit i s cl 'O. ;; .. -

tha t wha t the Le arne d Jud e es are re ferrin~ t o is not the

degrae of seriousness of the offences - t hey r efer t c t "I1':_

major a nd minor offences in th 02 same way that one r efers in

l or i c to th e maior pr emise a n d the minor premise o f a n

a r r>: ument . Th E! question under the se c t ion i 3 whc th er the 2:'

O:1~ o ffenC E as c harged , inc ludes the oth C":r .

:)n my a r gument r-;y Lo r d , this doe s n t t r eally matt e r ve ry

much , bu t none the l es s , as a mat te r o f interes t , I do point

out: t o Yo ur Lordship that if the St a t e had pr o ve d wha t it

se t: out to prove in the firs t indi c t ment, a verd i c t of 'Suil ty

of terroristic act i vities could h a Ve been returne d because

e very in3redien t was there. - t he carryin p on of a ctivities

wi th th e ultimat e e n d 0 f ov('}rthrm.ling t he St ate: by v i.ol ~ nce ;

the (loing of ac ts wh ich we r e ca l cu l a t ed t o brin 'l 21.bout a

pOlitica l chanre by un l awfu l means _ that al l falls withi n 3 [J

the Terrori s m Ac t .

My Lord , I mi gh t a l so dele - it is no "t i n my '...rritt e n h ";2dc;

butt •• •

- 98 -

but if Your Lordship woul d be good enourrh to Make a not~ 3t

the foot of page 31. Your Lordship i.-Jill note that it i ~~ a l so

a n o ffence under the Suppress ion of Communism .L\ct , th C'l t i s

Section 11 ( c ), read with Sec tion 3 (1)( a )( i) , that it i s an

offence under the Su ppression of Communism Act simply to be

a ;nember of an unlawful organisat i on , which of course the

African National Congress is - and unlawful organisat i on by

s t a tute and proclamation . Conseque ntly it i s clear ,

applying Section 20~ , that the accused coul d certainly hav e

been found guilty under til e first indictment of being

membe rs of the Africa n ~!a tional Congr ess , and Your Lordship

wi ll remember that in this indi ctment t hey are al l eged to

10

have joined th e conspiracy by becomin ~ member s of the African

~lational Congres s . So a ga i n o ne sees that the very foundatio n

of t he present case is an all er,ation of an offence , name l ';

membership of the African Nat ional Cone-r ess of which the

a ccused could have been fo und gu ilty on the f irst indictment .

In Pa r agraph 17 I make the s ubmiss ion that the ac t s

alleg~d to have been committed by t he accu se d , t ha t is t he

oarticula r ac ts , are substantiall y the sa~e a s those which 20

they were a l leged to have committed in terms of t he f i r st

i ndictmen't . That l S to say , the ev i dence neces s ary to support

~he second indictment would be sufficien t to pr ove a l egal

conviction upon the first, which is preci sely the t est of

aut~e fois aC quit sta ted by Mr . Justice Ko tze in Levy ' s case ,

and in t he othe r cases v1hich I mentioned .

Now My Lord , t o turn to the i ndictments . I woul d l ike

t o s t art off simply by wa y of an illus tration.

In paragraph 18 Hy Lord , I ha ve set out th E: rel e vant

passages . Just to e ivc Your Lordship a first i l lus tratio n 30

of th~ type of comparison on which I am [!o ing to e Mbark a

Parag raph B of the nresent indictment set s out t Jl <" claSSES o f

acts / •••

- 99 -

a c t s Hhicr. t he ac cused are a l le f;re:!. t o have commi t t f.;d Or'

carrlcd out , and Your Lordship s ee s that in B. ( x i ii ) -

" ( a ) Becoming and !'eT'I a i ning me~bers of the

ANC;

( b) recru i ting and , encQura,'?' .1.n;r t he recruit ­

ment of , mel~lber s for t j\e 8,"·id Afr i can Nati o na l

Congress;

( c ) admi:;1is teri n~ t he Afri can National Con ~~ ress

oath to the sa id members; and

( d) es t ab l ishinc: comlni tt ees and l or branc r-. {;? s o f 1 0

the sa i d Afri can National Cons ress . I '

And paragraph C. 3 says -

"Eve r y member of t he African l'Jat i onal Con~ res5 ,

i ncluding t he accu sed , accepted t h e sa i d DIan

ana worked a ctively tcwards its impl e r:en tatior •• 11

Now as You r Lordship recal l s , in t ~le fir s t indict"",en"t

the c l asses of ac t i v i ty car ried on by the accused are also

se t out , and the re i t is sa i d ri ,c-i1t i n the fore front , t ha. t

wha t t he accused did wa~ t o es t ab l ish grcups and co~ni~ te es

wi t hin t he ANC , exactly what t here lS in th i s i ndictment , 20

excepting that here "the Prosecutor chooses to use the

phrase llcommi ttees or br anches" ins t F.:' ad of n commi ttees or

z roups" .

Then ( 2 ) ~n t he first indictne n t - they

'Jdid administer a nd/or tak e t he oath of

t he said o r ganisat ion ; 11

'.,Jhereas in the rresent indict~e nt the terill is - H ad!nini ste rir:. f~

t he African Na tion a l Can ;r'ess oath t o the sa i d r.lembers il•

In para rraph (3 ) of th~ f i rst i nd i c t nent t he activ it y

,Jas "thu t t he y _

!l<li d r 'ec rui t me mb ers or e n courage one a noth er

t o r ecruit members for th e said orga n i sa t io n ; 11

Here! •••

30

- 1 J 0 -

Here it is - "Recru iting a n d encouragi nc: th o:> r (. c rui t ­

ment of 'members for t he said Afri can National Congress . 1i

My Lord, these altera tions in the pre cise lan~u~r e

ha ve no significance . If they were int entiona l, thev .... 'ould

be co~plc tely ho pe l ess as devices for avoiding the pl~a

of autre fois aC quit , but I don ' t f or a mome nt be lie ve that

thos e chanpes were adoDted with that end in V1 C'tJ o

l'1y Lord , a s I ha ve sd:!. d , paragraph C. 3 of t he n resent

indictme nt says t hat - " Eve ry member of the African Hational

Congx'e ss , includ in~ t he a c cused , accept ed th is p lan" - tha t 1 0

is the plan of viol ent ov~ rthrow of the State - " and tolOI'kc d

actively t OHards its impl e JTIent atio n." In the old indic t ment

i ~ is c>.lle ged that t he accu~. ed act ed in concer t and with

common purpose to re- establi s h and b uild up the ANC , knovling

that its ultimate aim Has th e vio l e t overthrow of the State ,

and saying t,at their pa r t i cipation in the common pu r r ose

is inferred from t heir havin fT taken part in t he: acti vi ties

mentioned in th e indictment . So By Lord ~n that wa y I propo se

to compare every sing l e one of the categori es o f acts

relied on by the State h e re .

The n My Lord , I Hi ll a l so have t o compare t he s pE-cific

ac ts charged a p,ainst each accu sed , a nd I will p.iv~ Your

Lord3h i p an e xampl e of th~ sort of a llegat i on whiCh run s

righ >: through this indictment - there are dOZe ns of the m.

Here in r e l a tion t o Accused No . 3 , this is vlhat is s a id,

as one of th e ac t s o f the accu sed from which the accus ed ' ~

adhe'~ence to th e co nspiracy , etc . , i s inferred , and I will

read i t in full , g ivinrr the name s in <, te ad of the numb ers -

lIOn the 2nd May , 1 969 , at the house of Winn i e

20

t1ande la , Jackson Mahlaule r eport ed tha t Pholotho 30

,:tOd o the r s were investigating th e possibility of

acqu~ri ng a farm wher e mili tary trai n ing and the

testing/ ••.

- 1 0 1 -

t es ting o f bombs coul d be c a r r i e d out, a ll thos e

present be ine in fa vour of th is proj e ct . 1l

My Lord , in the f irst i ndictment it i s sa i d that -

" On t he 2nd Hay , 19 69 , (th~ same date) at t he

hous e of \V inni e ~1andel'::>_ (the sa!::e p lac e ) ,Jacks on

11ahlaul e (the sa:ne pe r son) stated t o amonf:

othe r s Davi d Motau and 1:li!1nie Hande! 2 , th a t

Pho lotho and o t hers we re invest L::atin,.. the

pos s i bili t "j of a cquirinr a f a r m Hhe r e milit a ry

training and t es ting of bombs c ould be carried 10

o ut.!!

I t is perfectly plai n , h ere o ne has a n a ll~gation that

th .i. S a ccused Dn t he 2nd May , 1 9 69, on a particul ar OC C2.S10n,

s t a t e d that certain nerson5 we r e :i.nvestie:at inf' th ·2. Doss ib i li ty . -o f acquiring a fCl r m \vhe r e milit ary t r aininJ? a .:ld t es ting of

bomh s c oulJ be c nrri~d out . Th at is an a llegation o n v.lhich

h e was acqu itted , and here in t he ne w indictment the

activity char p"ed ae;ains t him is th e ma k i n r of p r ecisely t h e

same statenen't a t t >.e sa:n<e p l ac e . All that i s added is that

all those prescnt we r e in fa vour of t h i s pr o j ec t . But of 20

course , as f r..r' as t he accused himse l f is concer'~led. , h is ac t

1 5 making the stat e me n t .

It would r eally , Itlith submi ssion , not be poss i b l e t o

cred i t that if this indictment had fo llowe d t he pr e cise for :il

of t ile fir s t in d ictment , the Prosecutor ',]QuI d not ha ve seen

at a g l a nc e that this is j ust no t possible . But by r eason

of t h e way these allegation s a r e mixed u p , I 'nirht e ve n say

con ft.:sec! , in the two i nd ict:.'.ent s , and ! don I t l"".can delibera t ely

con:used , it 1 5 ne cessarv to go throu ? h therr. onE: i:lY on~ .

My Lord , as I say in pa r a!} raph 1 9 , tha t by reason of 3U

the fact that 1n the prese n t ind i ct lrler: t the old a l le~at ions

are s et out in a diffe r e nt order , it is necessary to e xamine

e ach/ • • .

- 102 -

each one individual ly , and it ... iill b e foun d t hat the r e are

some new allegations in the present indictme nt but t hese

relate not to the activities of th e accused but merely t "J th e

a cti vi ties o f co - conspirators . For e xample , i t is a l l eged

in t .1e further particulars at page 89 th tJ t the rrt (.. mbers , a nd

1 quo te - simply the me mbe r s -

!lv/ere party to the broadcasti ng of me ssages

by Hoscow Radio Station on the 27th April,

1 9 70"

,:;.. t vJ:: . .'.. c h st il?e My Lord , the a ccused had been i n cus tody fol"' 10

n (~arly a y ear , no t only i n cu s tody but i n solita r y confine ment

fer most of t he time .

\,/ell My Lord , this is Co ne w a lleGa tion , it was n ' t ln t he

01 <1 indiet;ne:1t , bu"t t h i s 211r-: gati on do es not a ttribute any ­

t hing ne ... / to the acc1..ls c c anc! i t cannot disguise t h e sl!b ­

stantia l i dent ity of the offences charged in th e t wo indic t ­

ments . The accused ' s re3pon s ibility, i f any , for the n E. l,o/

allegations depend s on their ad he rence to the self- same con­

spira cy , ... h ich ~,]a s t he f ot.:ndation of t he fir s t indictme nt . I t

1S a s ingl e cons piracy and the St ate ' s d ifficulty her E. l S 20

that its pr esent case re s ts on t h is conspiracy and it

ther(!fore , has to charge a con spiracy and it has t o cha :::,[e

the '~onspiracy tvhich was the e ssence of the firs t indictment _

But l nsofar as the State char ges ind ividua l acts ,those aCL~

s i mi·.ar l y were charge d in the first indictme nt .

My Lord , it is said that a reviewer of books who w.::!. s

d.eal..ng with a no vel by a n au t hor' who t e nded to r e !Je,Jt hiT"'s e l : ,

said th a t it was s i mply a case of the old characters a n d the

o l d ~. ncidents unde r new n ailies . My Lord , these a r e the o l e

char"'_cte rs and t he o l d incidents unde r the same naJ.\e .

Furthe rmo r e , insofar as "the re are a f e w a ll e e a tion e:

, .... hic h t ... ere not found i n the fir s t ind ictme nt, tha t i s no

an swer / •• •

?G

- 1 03 -

anSW8I' to the special pl aa and i t does no t de f eat it . I n

such a c a s e My Lord 1 '~lhat the Court will do is uphold t hE.

plea on t hose p c.:. r ts of the i nd i ctme n t which wer'G. th.;;: s ubject

of t !)e pr'€V i OllS char ee , and i t woul d the n be f()r the

Prosecut or , i f he saw fit , to at temr- t to d Iilen d his i:idictmen t

by del e t in9" thos e parts of it . That Has the Drccedur e

followed in the Nat a l ?rov i ncial Div is i on loll t he cas e of

R. v . Sl e ngwd , 1958 ( 4 ), 160 , at paEe 1 61. v.!ha t h appe ned

there ~,j'a s t hat t he first ch a r Ge covered a c e rtain !1criod of

ti r:te ~ The SG co:1d charIJ e covered t he s ame ~~ri od of til'ne 1 0

but 21so a l ate r period . It Was held thDt as far a s t he first

period WdS concerned , autrefois aCQuit was a ~ood rlea but

not t o the second per iod , a nd consequent ly t he CrOHn Has

given t he ri gh t to a~enC th~ charge so 2.$ to delete t he

G.arlic r period .

:'ly Lord , i n this case it I.-Ji ll rap idly becof!le clear tho. t

al t hough s uch a procedul'e ~vould b e t heoret i cal ly ope n t o t he

Prose c u to r, it ',·mu l ct l eave the i nd ictment s o t runc a ted as t o

be mean i ngl ess .

At t h i s stage My Lor d , I woul d l ike t o t urn t o the 20

i ndict ment i n de t ai l , to t he t wo ind i c t ment s i n de ta i l . My

Lord, i t mi !!ht be conveni ent if I started off by r ivin;- Your

Lord .sh i p t h e old numhe r s of the p res e nt ac c used , OP po ss ibly

I c o u ld PU"t t hat on a s!-'u3e t of paper and hand it in t·o Your'

Lo r dshi p t omor rOl.-1 .

BY To l E COURT : Yes .

HR. KENTRI DGE: Be cau se 1 n some cas e s t h e nu mbe rs ar (~ th8

same but i n mos t cases t hey a r e c h c nged . I t make s i t un­

fo rt una t e l y a I i t tl e bi t mor e di ff icult to fo1 1 01.v .

My Lord , the fi r s t po i n t t hat Your Lords h ip wi ll noti ce , 3u

I mus t point out, is t hat in t he pr eser,t indic tment 1:ho:: per io d

co ver ed is June , 1962 , to May , 1 970 . In the fir s t i ndict~cn~

t he ! •••

- 1 0 t~ -

the period Has October , 1967, to June , 1969 .

I should like now to go t hro ugh the ac t s in detail in

t he: indictments , s tarting Jo n par agraph B on pege 2. T11 t;~ fil'zt

act in par agraph B on page 2 - You r Lordsh i p remer b~rs t ra t

pa r ag raph B sets out the categories of acts - B(i )( a ) i s -

"By under going tra i ning of a military !1a tu!'(~ ,

in guerilla warfare , in t he use of fi r e arms a nd

in the manufacture and use of e xplosives , t<Jhich

"tra iiine could be of u se to a ny pe r son intenCl~"r,~~

t o endange r the ma int enance of l aw and order in 10

the Republic. II

This i s do compl e t e ly new category of ac t which is not

fo und in the old indictment , a nd it is the on ly one ldhic J-. loS

really new . But as Your Lordship will see in due cours e , ~he

only pe rson who i s al l eged t o have committed any act in "this

cat egory is Acc used No . 1 , Hith whom I am no t conce rned I n

t l-tis argume nt .

The next c a tegory i s -

"By unde rgoin s traininp" in "the theory of

Comlnunis41 , wh ich tra ining could be of use

tc any person intend in~ t o endanger t he main-

tenanc e: of l a.H a nd order in t he Republ ic . "

My Lord , those words - "which training could be of use

t o ar.y pcrson intend ing to e ndanger the ma inte nance of 1 2 hl

and o ..... dep in the Re "..)ublic ll, that descri ption f ol l ows the

\"O rd~"h "~ of the Terrori.sm }\ct , but the ac t of co urs e , Has t he

under go inG of training in the th020ry of COrTIJ'l1uni sIn . In t he

old ind ictme nt, on page 3 , paragraph 9 one has as one of the

20

ac ts - the pro?agation of th~ communi s t doctrine by means o f

di sc uss i.on s , speech es and l ec tures . So in the new indictment 30

instead of t alkin f7. of under.·r:ro in;; tra inine; •• • , in the nl~ ·." in-

d ictme nt , i ns tead of using t he concre t e lanru a~ e of

d i sc ussions , I • ••

- 1 05 -

di s c ussions , s pe eches and l~ c tures , t~c Prosecut or s i mply

spe a k s of unde::-'!!o i n'"' tra ini n p.. in t he t: heor y o f c C!!I.'!1.uni sm .

ltJhcn \rl e c OJ'!'e t o t he de t a il s We wil l s ee t ha t th a t tra ininft

c o nsi s t s of disCllSs i Jn s , s pee ch e s ~ n u l e c t ure s .

The ne xt , B. (i i ) at tJ"le f o o t of page 2 o f t h e:: p r esent

i ndictment i s -

"By incitin~ , en co ur agl ng or procu:i. ng per sor:.s

t o undergo t he afore sa i d training , or t o f i nd

qua li f i e d i n s t r" Jcto rs a nd p I ec e s Hhe r e t !"'ain in ~

c ould be g i ve n t o p 2 I'SOns . 1t

The r e My Lo r d , vIi th r <; g a r d t o t his one fin d s in pa 'J" c t, of t he old i ndic t me nt , i n paragr aph 20 , \.lh a t t h e y d i d , the

\vay it was pu t t h e r e \.,ra s -

"dis c us s the f e asibility of s en din p c8rt~in

membe r s out of t he Repub l ic a nd l or d i G e " c o u!"af! E

certa i n members t o l eave the Republ ic i n -t he

i n t er es t s of t he or {!an i sation . '•

Agai n , I-.Then we come t o t he f urthe r part i c ular s , one .... · i ll

s ee that t he actua l way of do i ng i t was the same a lle"?;ed ir.

t he pr e s e nt indi c tme n~ .

Then My Lor d , on page 3 of t he present inG i ct~ent , sub-

l?ar agr aph s (ii i) iind ( i v ) _

" . t t · . ~y a ernptln~ , conse nt 4o F- or t eK i nf. s t eps to

un der go t he a f or esc:. i d trainir.~ . ' :

And ac ts a f~er r e ce iving the s aid t r a i. niof!. . That ;'ty Lor e , is

a l so e n tire l y new, like s ub- paracr raph ( i ), a nd like s ub-

LO

paragraph ( i ), i t anpl i es entirel'.' t o Accused Nc . 1 . He 1 S

said to have un de r gone the tra i ni ng , t o h a ve r ece i ved t he

training , t hen t o h.=t ve entere d Fhode sia and othi; r p l a c e s , 1: 0

ha ve plotte d r OUTes for gueri l l a f ighter s and to have con - 30

ducte d guerilla fi gh ~ers f r om Zambia t o Rhodes i a . 5c Lo r j

a lthough t hi s i s new , it i s confined t o Accused No . 1 . Th~re

i s / •• •

- 1 G6 -

1S no a llegation t hat any others of the accused c a~rie d out

such activities .

Then My Lord , paragraph (v) on paee 3 of ·the p r(~S e ilt

indictment -

"By having arranged for radio broadcasts ":: 0 be

mad e fron Tanzan i a , Cairo ana t1oscow, 1D ""hich

persons Here incited or e ncouraged t o pre pare fo:::',

and take part in , an armed uprising a r ains t the

GovernMents of Rhodes i a and th€! Republic . "

Th a t in a s i ITilar s e: nse is new , but similarly Ny Lord , 10

and needl es s t o say , none o f the present ~ccused are in t he

part i cul ars actual ly ch ar fe d with having 2rranr ed r adio

broaC: ca ;:; ts to be made fron Tanzania, Ca iro and Hos cow . This

was done by co- conspirators a nd not of course , by these accused

the:ils e l ves .

Then l'1y Lord , para(l('a ph (v) (b) on par.; e 3 -

"By encoura.ginr persons to listen to the broadcasts

from s t a tions in Tanzan ia , Cairo and i'1o s cow . "

That i s t o be found ~recisely 1D the last ind ictment ,

page 4 , paragrap:~ 17 where it is sai d t hey -

"Did encouraee members to listen to radio

broadcasts by the Afri can National Congress

in Tanzania . "

In the new indictme nt the words nCairo and MOS CO\l.· H

ha ve been added .

Then Hy Lord , sub- paragraph ( vi) _

"By encoura,!':in ~ pe rsons to g ive aid to ar,d

co - operate with gueri l la fighters within

Rhodesia and the Re public t¥"ith intent to bri n '7

20

about the violent overthrow of the said Stat(~ s . n 30

That f i nds its paralle l c n page 3 o f the old i ndictme n~ ,

paragraph 1 3 _

nDi d / •••

- 107 -

"Did discuss t he e sta1.Jlishme nt: of c ontact

"'Ii t h guerill a figh t~ r5 ir. the ever. t of thel!'

arrival within t he Re publ i c ."

In th.-; new indict me n t Rhodesid lS a dd ed in a na th~

Hords _ "with inte nt t o bri n g about the vio lent 0v e:ctnrOIi '

of t l le said State s" , but in other parts of the f irs t ind i c t -

ment th a t int e nt My Lord, i s repeate d ti:n:= and a r; a ln . As I

hav o::: saicJ , i t is pu t in in diffe rent nI e c e s - if t: h e y Her e

a ll in t he same p lace t h is -"" ould be a much s horter t ask .

The n l'-ly Lord , s ub - paragraph (vii) of the pr e sent i n- 1 0

d ictme nt, at the fo ot: o f ';;a pe 3 -

"By a d voc a. 'ting t h(; a Cc 8 p tanc e of th e Cor,muni s t

thGo r-y teach in ,']: t he viol ent ove rth ro'll o f t he

State . 11

The old ind -i.. c"tr.te nt , par e 3, paragr aph 9 -

"Dl'd . t h ' - d t' b propa g rl1:€ I~ cc r~~,\UnlS '_ oc r~n e y means

of discus sio ns , s peeches and l G c1:u~e s . 'r

And !~y Lord , \.Jhen He come t o the uarticulars 1n t he

fil'st indictment , of thos e s peeches a nd l ec tures , it Hill h e the r e:

said/that t he cormnu!1is t doc trine t oo was one t ea ching t h e 20

viol ent o verth ro',l o f the State .

The n at t he to p of puge 4 , sub- !'a r aFraph ('" i ii) -

" By pre paring and dis tributin f. pamphl .... ts ,

l eafl e ts , bulh.: t i n s , mag azin e s and circ ular s

i nci t ing pe rson s to take part in , and prepare

for, a vio l e nt u pri s in? against the Sta t ~ . "

There , on pd'l e 3 ) paragraph 8 o f the o l d i nd ic t !nr~nt -

" Did prepar e , d iscus s , distribute , po s s e s s

or c o ncea l li t e r a tur E:: a nd/or c orre sponden c e

of t he said African National Congres s •• • " JLl

And ~1y Lord , wh en one looks a t the det a i ls o f t h i s 1 i t >2ra tl.!re :

will see t hat this wa s a lle ged to be literature i nciti n g

p f'! r sV_'1 s / •••

_ 1 08 _

persons to t ak e part in and pr epare for a violent uprisinG

aaa inst the State .

D~SCUSSION BENE;LN THE COURT AND MR . Kl:NTRIDGE RE ADJOURNMLN T .

COURT ADJOURNS UNTIL 10 . 00 A . M. ON 2 5 / 8/70 .

COURT! •••

- 1 09

CDU."T RESUt1ES AT 1 0 . 0 0 A. i1 . ON 25/8/70 .

Hf- . KENTRIDGE ADDJ\.!:SS ES T~l E COURT : Mv Lord , t n : 5 MorninJ7

my l earned friend , Hr . So!?,got , a l sc appears !'lith me on

be half of a cc used Mos . 2 t o 20 .

BY Ti ' !:: COUPT: Ye s , I have no't iced t ha t , Hr . Ke n"Cr i dg E:. .

KR . KENTF.. I DGE : :1y Lord , i n t he i nd ictme nt I we.s .:!.t nage 1+

and I dEalt with sub - parar raph (vii i ), and I noV! r ead s ub­

paragr aphs ( ix ) and (x ) _ ( ix) an d (x) r e l a t e to ~ c t s of

sabotage of Go vernmen t build in ~s , ins talla tions , power

stations , pub lic or private buildinfl s .:tf'.d priva t e: pr o pert y , 10

and inspecting Gove rnme nt ins tallations , tra ins and bui l dinfs

wi th in t e nt to commit acts of s abotar e thereat . l'i:; :"o r d ,

l.0 t he firs t ind ictment, o n pa ge 2 , t he equiva l e nt a l le~dtion

1.5 JT:ore particularized - page:: 2 , paragraph 5 - t hey

" Did ins oect trains and r .:i ilway ins t e l lations

>?t Braamfo ntein , Croesus , Booysens and CrOt,' n ,

a nd did search for th e Langeberg Ko - or . 3pk ., Hi -ch

the object of finding suitab le t arge t s ~nc

methods f or t he co~mission of acts of sa botd(1e . "

':vhen we come !'ly Lord , t o t he detail s on '~1hi ch t hi s 1S 20

based , one sees tha t there is a compl ~ te ove rlapping .

Sub- para[ raph (x i ) on pacre 4 of t he prese n t indic tT!len·t i s ­

" By procurin13 or c;ncouT'agin ~ persons or CO!i -

sentin £: t o procur .:. f i r earms , explosives or

i ng.cedi e ryt s for the manuf ac ture of expl osives . "

My Lcrd , tha t Your Lords hip will s ee on page 2 o f t he

first indic-rment , paragraph 6 -

" Did devise mea!1S for obtai nin~ ex? l os ives . "

And again to,'h en we come t o the de t a il s , onc '.vil l :"a.e: t ha t

the y a r e both basad on the sa!Tl.e details . The n ~.~y L01'd , 30

par arr -.: .. h (x i i ) on pa ?'c 4 o f t he ne ... : i ndict l"ent _

il By i nciti ng or e ncouraginp per sons t o k ill

p'') !''son s / •••

- 1 ~ 0 -

persons ~.;ho h od given e viden ce aga ins t members

o f the A: rican Nati onal Congress a nd South A fri c~ n

Communi s t Party i n pr evious cases and persoil s

whom t hev suspec t ed of having s u pplied i n ­

forma tion t o th e Police or a tt empting to kill

the said pe r sons , and/ o r encouraging per sons

t o des troy t ile p r iva t e prope rty o f the s a id

suspect ed person s . "

I f Your Lordsh i p l ooks at th e fir s t indictment , and I

wi ll j u s t give Your Lor d .5h i p a n e xampl e - at page 22 whicn 1 2

is in t he f urther pa rticulars , Your Lordshi p will see tha t

this is a l s o i nclu ded th e r e . On pa ge 22 of t he fir s t ~ n­

d ic t~c nt on e has a s ummar y o f the mee tings . The ve r y f irst

meeti ng t h e re at t he t op o f the page - " No . 4 and Sikos ana ,

as me mb e rs of the Discipl inary Committee , were e nt i tled t o

trace and murde r po lice info r '1le r s ." The third on t hn"t paP."€

is t o th e same effec t , t he t h ird mee ti ng , a n d s o , althour h it

do esn ' t appear cl ear ly from the way it i s p l eaded , t h is is

also t he case in connec tion with th ~ docume nt s mentioned on

page 29 . I f Your Lordshi p will a t paf.e 29 look o t t he 20

part iculars g i ven t o r eques t , ( a ) , ( b ), (d ) , ( d ) , a nd ( e ), in

sub- parag raph ( a ) t he r e is a r e ferenc e inter a lia TO a

publication , tha t is No . 1, dat ed 26/2/ 68 , and No . 7 , a rerc:r't

t o the A. N. C. Confere nce he l d o n 1/ 6 / 6B . My Lord, tha t t hose

items similarly r efer t o this question of inci ting pc rsoJl :=

to kill informers , a ppear s from the det a il s given ~n the nc\t.'

indic t men t at page 1 8 , in t he l as t two paragraphs o n t hat

pa ~c and the fir s t paragraph at the top of pa? e 1 9 . On pa~e

1 8 t he circular is not o nly mentioned but it i s als o said

t hi"n: the na me s o f persons havi n rr assi s t e d t he St a t e in 30

in vc·; ti cat i ng s ubvers i v e a ctivities we r e set out . In ( d)

it is a llep.ed that 0 number o f accuse d -

" prepar ed / • • •

- 111 -

n ••• prepar ed , d is~ussed , dis tributed the

circular dated 26 . 2 . 1 9 68 in Tt lhi c h persons

l ... e re inci ted to kill certair. persons \-'ho held

[, i\' :: n evidence In previous trials or who!'!'!

tilev suspected of hclvin(" gi v ~n inf::lrmation

t o the police . a

P.nd then ? t t he top of page 19 - paraar .::.rh ( e )

"The sa.me i n<.: iteiT'e nt was embodied ir. t h_

l\e.port t o t he A.N . C. Conference held o n

1 . 6 . 1968 prepared, discusserl and distribute0

by these accused . "

10

So Hy Lord , nlthoup- h it 1 5 s et o ut in a 50;!le!olhat dlf feren t

Hay i n thi s ind ictment , in t hat th e de t ails of wha t i s said

in t he pa:nphlet a re se t out, a nd in t he first indictment t he

pamphlets are siJ'!lplv r e f e rred t o , nonetheless t he a lle rr a tions

are the same . But as I 90inted out yes t 0. rday , if t he. s ame

stv l c h 2C been adop te d in t ile tv.JO indictments , the simi l arity

woulo be so obvious as to r.~ke argum~nt unneces sary .

T~en t1y Lord , back to page 4- o f t he present indictment ,

~2ragraph B(xiii) . Your Lordship wi ll rec a l l that I have 2U

al r eady rea d that out - ( a ) i s beconi ng members of the ANC;

( b ) r e lates to the r ec ruitment of rne!!".be r s; ( c ) administer ing

the oath, a nd (d) establ ish ing conrnittees a nd/or branches .

If You,:, Lordship Hi ll look at page 2 of t he o l d indic t men1: ,

it is all there . Right at the top it is alle~cd that the

accused -

••• hein l"'" o ffice bearers , officers , members or "

act i ve supporte r s o f the unlawful organisation ••• "

In other word e , it i s alle~ed that they are J1\embers .

Then in parag raph 1 on t ha t page it says they es t ablisheaO

groups and com'1.ittees within the ANC . The ProsecuteI' here has

decided to c a ll it "branches or committee s ".

Than No . 2 on pag e 2 of the o ld indictment IIVi d / ....

- 112 -

" Did administer an u l o r t:ake the oath o f the

said organisation . II

Administering the oath My Lo rd , i s (xiii )( c ) o f t . lE:

? res e nt indictment .

Page 2 of the fir st inclictment , par agraph 3 _

"Did r ecr u i t membe:rs or encourage one

a n o ther to r e cruit membe:rs ••• II

My Lord , t hat i s pre cisely paragraph (xiii )(b) o f the

pres~ nt i ndictment .

Th en on pag e 5 of the prese nt ir.di c tment - paragraph 1 0

(xiv) -

1iDi stributing or p lay inr r-rarrlophone recor ds a nd

tape recordings cont.:;.ining speeches • ••• II

For t ha t My Lord , one has to go to page 37 , paragraph

(b ), a t t he top of page 37 o f t he parti c ulars t o the first

indic tment , a nd here one has the de t a ils of the gener al

a llega tion where it says -

"No . 3 told S i kosana th a t he ha d a rra nged with

1'lrs . Gaz ides to ha ve a t ape r ecor ding made by

Gazides about terrorists who h a d re turne d to

the Repu b li c shortly b efor e . "

When we come to t he detai l s of these t ap,'!s , My Lor C,

t ... e w.i. ll see t he s i milari ty .

Then Ny Lord , at pa~e 5 of th e pres e nt indictmen .... ,

B (xv ) -

"Inciting or procuri n e persons , by wn y of

speeches , andlor consenting to take part 1n

a viol e nt u pr ising agains t the State ."

20

\.-/e ll Ny Lord , that ~enerali ty is of course , a t t he hen!' t

of t he f i rst indictment , as one sees from page 1 8 . In 30

parag r aph ( oj ) the whol e object of t he accused i s said t o h iJ. v€

be e n the v io l e nt overth r m·, of t he State , a nd when we come to

the/ •••

- 113 -

t he speeche s , we will see th a t the actua l spee c hes re la-tin~

to the viol e nt overthrm.;o of t he S·ta t e a re the samf1 in bot~

ind i c tments.

Then l-ly Lord, on pa~e 5 , par ag raph C, t he act ua l t € r' f!lS

of the conspiracy . As far as ( 1) i ~ concernec , as I hdve

a lre ady indica t ed , tha t i s the same con spiracy as th 3 t st u t e d

in sub-para~raph ( d ) on ~a~e 18 of the first ind i ct~e nt .

Insofar· as it i s said in ara g: r a ph C. ( 2 ) that this p la::--~ vIas

pu t into effect in 1 961 , tha t is not part of the old indi c t -

me nt . The old indictment o nl y starte d in 1967 . l1ut as ! 10

have submitted to Your Lords hip , whe r. dealin~ ltli t h the l aw

r e l a ting to conspirac y , a conspiracy remains t r,.;' s a JT1e , \.-!hatever

d i ffe r e n t means a r e chosen to i rn.D leme nt it , and e ve rvone Hho

t akes part i s a member of the same conspiracy , e ven if h e

joined it a t a later time .

Then Ny Lord , s u b - paragraph C. (3 ) -

"Eve ry r.lembe r of t he African National Conr; r ess ,

including t he accused , acc ept ed the said pl an

and vlorked acti vely towurds its implementat i on . "

That a gain is s u b- paragraph (d) on page 18 . 20

Tt-.(=n s u b-pa rag raph C . (4) - the p l an was t o be i mpl e me nted

1-n tHO s tages , the f irst s tage waG dire cted a t the commission

of acts cf se.botage . My Lord , tha t I h ~ve a lready rn~:",tione d ,

that is c o vered inter a lia by page 2 , para~raph 5 , of t he

fi rs t ind ic t~e nt. The second stage of the conspiracv it is

said in par av raph C.( 4) , was to a rrange fo r tra ining of

participants in the art o~ g u e rilla warfare . Ny Lo rd , t hat i s

a re- Dhras in ~ or a re - hashing of what i s t o be fo und o n _ u

par;r;: 3 , par aer aph 1 3 , of the old indictment , vlh ich cover~ the

es t a blishme nt of contact with g Ul=: ri l l a fighter s in the .a ve nt 30

of t he ir a r ri va l within the Republic .

Then in paragraph C , al thoue h the se are sa id t o be the

terms I • • •

- 11 4 -

term.s of the conspiracy , as was e x pl ained by my l ear-ne'd

f r i e nd in hi s furthe r parti culars , from ( 5 ) onwarc s were

t he a ct s don e in purs u a nc e of the consp i racy , YOl.: r Lo r ds h ip

will see t ha t sub- paragraphs ( 5 ), ( 6 ), a nd (7) r e l ate

en ti re l y to Accus ed No . 1 . Paragr aph ( 8 ) on pau e n - th o

ANC a nd the othe r o r gani s a tions and co-cons nira·~or ., -

" • • • arra nge d f or such training f acil i ties

t o be p r ovided for p r o a pective trainees in

Russia , Egypt , Tan zani a and e lsewhere , '1

The r e too , t h a t r e l a tes e n1:ire ly to persons othe r t h a n 10

the ~resent accus e d .

COURT ADJOURNS .

COURT RESUI1ES .,

liR . KENTRIDGE CONTINUeS ADDRESS I NG THE COURT : On p2r,e 6 ,

paraz r aph 9 , My Lord , it say s -

"The second stage of the plan commenc ed i n

1962 and continued un t i l t he p resen t da t e . "

\'1e ll My Lord , i t is not a lleged that anyone d i d a nyt;. i nr:

~_c t :i_ -'e in that r e gard among the a ccused , othe r tl-tan ; ~o . 1 .

Then in s ub - parag r a ohs ( 10 ) and (11) we a~ain have 20

a ll e ~ ut ions rel a tinr. entire ly to Accused No . 1. The n i n

pa r ajj r ap',l (12) \'i e h a ve a llegation s of mi lita ry or s e lTt i -

mil i t a r y C' per n t ior.s i n Rhodesia duri ng 1 96 7 anll 1968 a n d

19 7 0 . Hell again Your Lor d s hip ,.J i ll see , o n l ooking thro ueh

the de t a i l s , that dl l egations i n thi s conn ectio n , dil'ect

..l lle gatio r'J s , are confine d t o Accused No . 1 . Then para!?: r aph

(1 3 ) -

liThe g uer illa f i gh t e r s '",e r e ac tive l y s upporte d ,

e nco urage d a n d d i rected by means of rad io broad-

casts from Tanzania . They we re issued with

tra ns mitter radios and instruc t ed to liste~ t o

the rad i o s tat i o ns i n o rder tha t t h ey mi,..,ht

r e ce i ve / •• •

3 0

- 115 _

receive instruct i ons or information in re~ard

to their military operations . "

Ther e d!!.ain it is not a l l12e-ed that any of t h('; other

accused , that is other th,,;n No . 1 , h ad any 'Par t in t he iSSU F;

o f t rans m.itter radios or t he radio broadcasts fro !':'!. Tanzani a .

Th.r:n in sub - pardpraph (14) it i s said t ~at the ANC and the

meMbers and o t her p-2 rsons printed , publ ished and distribut ed

pamph l ets , bulleti ns a nd magazi nes mentioned Unde r' t he na mes

of tf".e individual acc us ed , in which the conduct of th'~ vio:t. ent

campa i g n by the g ueri l la figh t ers was encoura~J :;d a n d 1 !)

p r omo t e d . The a.ccused and members of the A~~C He r e encouragE:L

to give t he fi ghters act i ve assistance and circulars and

repor t s prepared by the ac c used in th e Renublic we re putJli'.sh~c~

i n t he ma.gazines Sechaba and Mayibuve , Hhich were issued b V

the overseas b r anch of the ANC .

This generali t y is goi.ng t o be supported i n t he i ndic t­

ment by the specific de tai l s as stated under the n ':HPe s of

the accused . At thi s s tage I need only refe r Your Lordshi r­

to page 27 of the o l d ind ictment - the answer to the r equest

a t 7(a)~ ( b ) and ( c) , and there a l l these bulletin s and 20

publicat ions are men t i o ned , incl udim~ Mayibuy€ cmd Sechdba ,

and when we c eme to deal with the individual acc used ' s

respo~sibility for the c istribution of th~se pUblications , we

wi ll see that t]le p ub l icat i ons r efer red t o and the dis ­

tribution of the m are exactl y the same in th e t\'lO i ndic-t:rn0.1i:s "

Then on page 7 of t he present indic t me nt , ( 1 5 ) -

liThe accused Nos •. 2 t o 20 incited or encoura.~ed

one another , mG mbers and supporters o f t he ANC

to t ake part in , and prepare for a vi o l (m t u p-

r ising agains t the S t ate ."

That again Ny Lo rd , is sub- paral;raph (b) O~ pag:: 18 . -

I'?articulor's o f the manner in which , places a t,

and / •••

30

- 11 S -

and da t es o n whic n the s e acts Her e cO J":'.Mi tte d

are set out un der the na~es of the ac cused i n

parag ra phs B. ( v i), (vii) , (viii ), (ix) , ( x :,

(xi), (xii) and (xv)."

Whe n He come to tha t My Lord, we wi ll find t1'1at th '~

acts are t he same .

Then in sub - parag r aph (1 6) -

" AccL:sed Ho . 4 an d l or other a cc used , acti:;v! ('In

behalf of t he ANC , c onducted corres pondenc e wi tr,

t 'w eve r seas bra nches o f the AN C a nd SACP .

Accu s"O'd No . 4 ~ xchanged corresponde nce Hi th one

Paul J osf'ph , suh'1l.itted r e port s to him, e tc.

Some 0f the re i-'orts were r<=p r oduced 1n Sechaba

a n d 11ayibuy~ . II

10

The rr:: , i::- Your Lordsh i n will look at th e old indictme nt ,

pa~e 2, paragraph 7 , i t is there said t ha t the accu sed _

"Di d di s cuss , distri bute or possess publ i cat ions,

iss ue d by the ove rseas branches of t he ANC

and these othe r organisations , and d id conduct

corresponden c(~ t~1i th the overseas branches of

the AN C an d lor with the aforement ioned co­

conspirators. "

An d t hen , v-lith r egard t o that de tailed a llerdtion about:

20

P.ccu:..,ed No . 4 e xchan e ing corre spondence Hith Pa ul Jos2ph , i f

Your Lordshi p looks at page 28 of the old indictment , the

answ \ ~r to reques t 7 (b) - and this is e xact ly '..Jhat is s a id -

t hat Accused No . 3 who is Acc u sed No . 4 in th e p r esent indi ct -

FleDt ~ wro t e l ette r s to Paul Josep h and rece ive d l et ters fra n

h im , a nd t he p2rt icul a rs are set out - we will f ind, My Lord ,

t hcv a r e e xactly the same l e tte r s . 30

Then s ub- paragraph ( 1 7) on page 7 of the p r e s e n t ind i:::-c­

ment say s -

" It I ...

- 117 -

li l t was part of t he conspiracy that the al!TlS

and obj ect s t hereof s ho ul d be achie ved by the

fol l oVl ing means •• • "

And t h is i s a repetition of Hhat has gone before - ( a )

l S es tablishin~ branc hes and committees o f the ANC , which

'.~' e h a ve had a l ready -

II • •• wh i ch had t o , a nd did , function in

accordance wi. t h t !'Je " H Pl an u, r e ferred t o

in paragr a ph 13 . (v ii i) un der the naMe o f

accused No . 2 . II

~·le l l Ny Lord , whe n we come t o paragr Rph B. (viii) under

the name of Accused No . 2 , ',Ie tvil l d eal with th "" t so- called

pl an . Then (17)(b) at the £'oo t: of p dge 7 -" By r ecruit ing me rnJ:.e r s an d adminis t ering

the Af>.!C oath t o the m. " We have dealt tvi th t ha t - that was a l s o In the fi r st

indictment . (17)( c) -

"Arranging and address ing mee tings of members

and suprortc rs , at wh i ch t he ach ieveme~ t o f

1 0

t he aforesaid aims v1as ad vocated . Details a r e 20

:;,e t out in c ert a i n p~_ragraphs unde r the na!':1es

of th .3 accused . II

vJel l My Lor d , th03 cene ral eq uival ent to t hat is t o De

found o n pa~e 2 of the first indictme~ t , in para~raph 4 -

the r.: rranging , attendinr and addressing o f me e tin(J" s .

Then a t the top of pa~e 8 of the pre sent indic tme n t ,

sub- paragra ph (d) - now M¥ Lor d , the s~ are all r enetition s

of wha t h as gone b e f o r e so wl)at I would like to q ive Your

Lordsh i p if I coul d , i s s i mpl y t he p a ge and pa ragraph nu:Wc. r

of the equiva l e nt in t he fi r st indi ctment, until we come 30

t o some thing n ew . Then s t a rt ing at th ~ top o f page 8 , s u b­

paragraph (d) - I r e fer Your Lordship t o the fi r st indictment ,

paee / • • •

- 118 -

paee 2 , par ar; raph 7 . Sub- paragr aph ( e ) - a lso pa~e 2 ,

para: r aph 7 , and pare 3, paragraph 8 , o f t he firs t indict­

:rIcnt . The n s Ub - parag r aph (f ), vlr i tin e l e tte r s t o roe ::1.bc r s

a nd s upporters - t he first indic t ment , pare 4 , paragraph

21 . Sub- parag r aph ( g ) , th~ sabotage one again - page 2,

?aril -raph 5 o f the f i r s t i ndic t ment . Then sub- parag r a ph ( h ) ,

in c i ti ng pe rson s t o undergo training - that I had. better

r eau out , My Lord - (h ) -

" Incit inf' o r encouraging bantu me l es a nd

fema l es t o un uer~o tra ining e ithe r a broad

or t ... i t h in t he Re r;ub lic , II

'l'h a. t Nv Lc r d , is to be four_d o n page 4 , parag r aph 20 ,

0:; "":~. ~ ole.:' in ::'t ic tmen~

"Did di scuss th e feas i bility of se nding cert a i )}

mC1T'.De r s out of the j{epublic a nd l or d i d en­

cQ'..l ra~e certC'.in me mbe r s t o l eave the Re public

in H.e inte :'e ::; t s of the orga nisation . "

10

When t.,le COJ71e to the de t ai ls one , .... ill see t ha t the details

refer to the same mee tings a n d incide nt s .

The n s ub - paragraph ( i ) -

" By in s truc ting me J""'.b e r 5 a nd supporters b y way

of speeches o r pUblica tion s or books in t he

Corr~unist doctrine r e l a tinc t o the ne ed for a

violent r e vo lut io n ••• "

Th a t i s ~n the fi r s t indictme nt , pag e 3 , p<'l. ra p-" r aph 9 ,

l.,lhich speaks of propap:atin;:, the communis t doctrine by means

of d :'sc us s ions , speeches a nd lectures . !'-!hen t he pFi. rt icul a r

disc l.. ssions , s peeches an d l ec ture s are foun d , i t wi ll be

seen t ha t in the first i n dictment t oo th e communi s t doc t rine

r e l ai;c> d to the need for a vio l e nt r e vo lution .

Then s ub- parar; l'aph (j) is -

nBy e nco uraging members and support e r s t o

l i s t en / •••

20

30

- 11 9 -

listen in to r-adio broadcasts froT:! Tanzan ia ,

Cairo and t1oscow ••• "

There the r e ference in the first indictment is page 4 ,

para~raph 1 7 , and that I ha ve already po inted ou t in anothe r

cont '~ xt . Here the Pros ecuto r has foun t! something new . In

t he old indict me nt it was said tha t the accused e n courarzed

r.:embers to li s t e n to radio broadcasts in Tanzania . I n th~

new indictment the words "Cairo and Moscow " are added , and

it is also added th Cl. t members were furnished Hi t h details o f

times and waveleng ths . But Your Lordship will see , when :..,·e 1 0

come t o t he details , th a t that addit i on is nothing netve

Then ( k) -

!lOy sending me mbers t o othe r branches and making

':i s i t s t o other branches ••• II

Your Lordsh i p will not fin d t hat said in so many words

~n t he old ind ictr:1ent , but Your Lordship will see whe n th0

meeti ng s are dealt with in the old indictment , that in fact

"'lhat. is disclosed is a seri e s of meetings a t which member s

Hent to various branches in fur t he r a_nce of the al l eged

cons piracy . 20

Then a t the to? of page 9 of t he present indic tm~nt,

sub- naragraph (1) -

"By associatin (" themsel ves wit h , and

publ icisin p the a r!Tled opera'tions of th e ~ uerill a

fi gh'ters in Rhodesia in thei r speeches an d

writings . De t ails are set out in paragraph

B ( vi ) under the nc;!.me s o f the accused . II

The general al l egation i s on pae(! 3 , paragraph 13 , but

the de tailed a llega tions will be found \oJhe n we come to the

indiv idua l acc us e d .

Then s ub- paragraph ( ~ ) -

!l ily associating t he!nse lve s '.oJi th t he ac t s of

sabot are / •••

30

.- 1 20 -

sabotage commit t e d 1n t he Republ i c during the

years 1 96 1 to 19 65 , a nd espec i a lly , l audine th •.

acti vi ties of Loabile i n committing sabotag ~

in 1965 . Detai l s are set ou t l a ter . "

Your Lordsh i p will find on paee 3 , para~raph 15, th ~

ac cu., ed a r e _:::>. lleged t o ha ve a rra nged th e funera l o f Loabi l -= -

" ••• t he at t endance of members and t he

del ivery of speeches in furtherance o f t he e5ms

of the orpan i satio n . 1f

The s :,-:-eeches are o f course. , the s aJTle . -I C-

The n if Your Lordship toJould also make a no t e a e ain s l: t!iat ,

on page 37 of the o l d indict ment , sub- par agr aph (n), t here

Your Lordship Hil l see anothe!' r e f e ren ce to the particul a r

spee ch which Has prel)ar ed by Accused No . 3 - tha t is not.1

Accu s ed !\!o . 4 - .1.S read by a certa. in l1anapho l e at the

fUner'a l of Loab i l e , which re l ated t o the ANC figh ti ng f or

victory and so on .

Then sub -pura~rJph ( n ) -

" By l audin i! the members of the ANC a:1d SA::::F' ,

servine prison sent e nces i n the Fepublic, a n d

t he co- conspir a t ors mentioned in Ann exur~ A

as their leade rs a nd inc iting people to pr e pa r e

for the viole nt ove rthrow of the St a t Q • ••• "

And again de t a il s a r e promi sed . The r e Your Lordship

will f i nd thi s on page 26 o f t he old indict ment . If Your

Lord",hip ',.m ul d n o t e , page 23 and th .; r e f e renc e t o the fir s t

me et: n r- mentione d on tha t page , and also the l as t s ub­

pa~af. raph on page 37 . There Your Lordsh i p wi l l fin d a

rf'.!fe 7'ence 'to a cert a in Lekoto , a nd Leko to was a l so a person

20

Hl!o h Eld died , he had a fun eral and as the s peech(::s ind i cate , 30

he h ."'_ c be e n in prison , and th i s was apparently ma de the

o ,!, T)o:::, :un i. ty of l audin~ peopl e who had se rved pr ison sentence s .

Then/ •••

- 1 2 1 -

1'hen sub- paragraph ( 0 ) is -

"Ey employing c ode ~vor1s , code nar,es and

t ar.ing precaut i onary me asures t n avoid

detection o f th G; ir n ames and ac tiv i t ies . "

The equivalent is on page 3 , paragraph 16 , of the old

i nd i c t ment - the secUI'in ~ of post boxe s a nd cov e r ~.d(h:\csses I

and on pagE 4 , sub- pur agraph 13 of the f irs t ind i c t flen T it

i s sdid tha t t hey e mployed mea::;;u r es to cor:ceal the act i vit ies

of the or'1;an isa t i on . " Measur es to c o nceal the ~'1ctivi t ies

of the o r Gan i s a tion " ~ n the n et.J indict men t has b ecome 1 0

"pre cautionarv measures t o a vo i d detec t ion of the i r nanes

and ac t i vities !! .

BY THE COURT: What ~ s t his l as t reference? Page 1 8?

MR . KEt,l TRI DC[; : No , sorry My Lord , pare 4 , p <'l r agr a ph 16 j of

th e f irs t i naictment - t h ey

" d i d empl oy meas ur e s t o c onc eal the

act ivi ties of t he: orga nisat ion . "

Then in t he a mendmen t t he r e is a new s~b- paragraph ( p )

pe r sons who had gi ven ,,,hi ch a eain relates to the k illine- of

e vide nc e a ra ins t member s of t he ANC . If Your Lords h i p wo uld 20

just ma kE. a note t h a t ·U.dt i s e xact ly t he same a s sub­

pararraph ( 1 2 ) o f parar raph B of th i s ind ictrr:e n t , y]i th whiCh

I ha v e a l r eady dea l t . And s i mila r ly the new ( q) - clis ­

tri butin : a nd p l ay inr g r arr:o phone r ecords - is a l so f o r soml:

reason a ropetition of s ub- par agraph ( 1 4 ) of p~raBraph B of

the presen t indict ment .

5Y THt.: COURT : Please re peat that , Mr . Kentridgc .

i-fR . KI:NTRIDGE : The n eH ( p ) i n th e amendmen t makes exac t ly

the same a llerat ion as the Pr osecutor h a s out in s ub-

par a.g ru !)h (x ii) of par a r; raph B of t he pr esent ir.dic t ~~e nt t 30

!.-I ll i ch I have dea lt wi th , anci the n ey1 ( q ) , t hp. playinr.: of

~ramophone recc rds , i s exactly t he same as sub- parap.raph ( xiv )

of I • ••

- 122 -

o f pa ragrarh B of the present indictment . For some r e ason

or other it was put in , as many of these t hinps are , under

bo t h h e a d in :-s .

My Lord , t:he indictment now proceeds t o se t out t he

de t ai ls of the act"s of ea -=~ accused . ~'Jha t vle had in E( xi': )

and ••. , ~n B and C, VIas simply a summarv of t-lha t t he

individual a ccuse d are alleged to have done , and now '-le come

to the detai Is of the ir acts . It begins wi t h Accu sed No . 1 .

What he dit. doesn ' t affect rae i n t his arg ument , but I .. m uld

s impl y ask Your Lordship t o no t e that it is in r e l di: i o n t o '\ ~

ACCU3ed No . 1 that allegations are made about acts or

terrorist activity in Rhodesia and e l sewhere , a nd the uncer-

goin~ of training .

I now come to pave 1 3 of the ind ictment , Ny Lo r d , t!l ,-.t

is t he activities or a cts of Accused No . 2 - Accu sed No . 2

i s Sa mson Ndo u , and in t he last indictMent he Has Accus ed

No.1 . It is alle~ed here t ha t Accu sed No . 2 comQitted L ~e

foll c~winr. ac t s , and the Prose c utor the n sets out seve ral

page s of these ac ts - they fO from page 13 to page 20 . There

~ re 67 ac~s a llege d against Acc used No . 2 , Rnd it is our 20

submi ss ion that every one of t hese 6 7 act s i s to be fo und in

t h .:: f i.rs \: indictmen1: .

The f irs t act i s tha t at a weetin? ~n the house of

Accused l~o . 10 , in the mi ddle of 1968 , Accused No . 2 verbally

e nco uraGe d o r inci t e d accused Nos . 7 , 10 , 11 , 1 2 and Mas hab a

· 0 underro military training . On pae e 25 , the t hird Meeting ,

l • ."hich r eads 110 . 27 , is t his pre ci se mee ting - i t is a mee tinr

in t he nOU E': of No . 1 0 in the middle o f 1968 . Those p resent

are .. iven , the speake r s are riven , a n d if You r Lor dship bears

in mind the t r1as haba was Accused No . 7 in th e o ld indic t P'.ent, 30

Your Lordship will h e re s e e t hat No . 1 who is t he pres e nt

No . 2 , was said to be a speaker , and the {'ist of Vlh a t was

s aid/ • • •

- 1 23 -

s aid was tha t they had to fieht the Go· ..... ernmc n t a nd t ~.=!. t th~y

~·lO t.:.ld r ece ive military trai:1 ing . All that i s adde d i:1 t DC

nre5 ~"'n t indictmE:!l1t i s the wor ds li to which t hey e.~{'(!ed " t but

th a t .,f co urse , does no1: af fe c t No . 2 hi mse l f .

Then t he second act on pacr'2 1 3 of th e Dr esent 5_ndictT"lc nt ,

,J.~ain a mee tine in t he house of Accused No . 1 0 in 1958 , and

.!-\cctl.s ed No . 2 v~ rbally incited 0 :::' enco uraz ed Acc used Nos . 10 ,

1 1 , 1 2 , 1 3 , tlshay i s a , Thag e , Ndbe l e and Phill ip t o underfo

mill. tary train in.g , t o wh ich t hey a .g: r e e d . Th e. t is a l s o on

par;(" 25 of th~ old indict J"I.en t - i t is mea ting No . 29 on th a t 1 0 a

i:ar::t.: , VJhich i s describc:.d as a :nee tin g: on / Sunday in 1968 .

Accused No . 2 , t hose nresent also include d t he s a me Nshayisa ,

Tha,:,e , !Mveh: and Philli :? , C!nd the p'is t of i t is t hat sore

of t h(: ("" r oup Hould r'e ceive mi litary tra ininp i n Tanzar:.ia nne

othe r s woul d get scholas tic tr3inin~ .

The third item relates to t he 2nd Hay , 196 9 , at" the

house of Accuse d No . 4 , Accused No . 5 r eported t o Accused No . 2

and o t~e rs tha t No . 14 and others He re investiga t ing t he

possibi lity of ncquil."ing a f arm where mi lita ry train ing nnd

t he t es ting of bo:lbs could be carried out . On pa~e 22 of the 20

f i rst i ndic tment the 1 25 t meeting , No . 9 , the same dat? , tn~

2nd ilay , t he sa;.]e p l ace , t ha t i s the hous e of f;!i nni~ liande l a .

A.?ain this accused bein,," the r e , Accused No . 5 - {""ho \'1aS "the

old Accused No . 4 - dn d t hi s i s how it is put in the o l d

indictment -

" Repor t ed t hat No . 15, Goldman and Oprer man

we r e inves tigatin~ the p0ss ibi l i t y of acq uirin?

a far;.; t""here mi lita ry t r a ining a nG t cs tin !?; of

bOr;"lbs coul d be carried out. "

In the pr e sent ind ictment· the words " t e s t ine of b ombs !! 30

;.. s alter ed t c read - li the testing of bombs ", a nd the r e is nn

addit ion o f t he phr ase - "all tho s e present be i r..g i n f a vour of

t his/ •••

_ 12 tl -

t h i s project ." That of course , !1v Lord , adds not h i n p'; t o th f2

meeti n p. , the Vi s t of which wa s set out in the first in(l i ct l'::r.nt ,

Then ( d ) on pap-e 13, t ha t is a mee ting in the hous : (" ,

Accu s ed i~o . 10 . Accused No . 2 encouraged Accu se d !'lo s . 10,

11 , 12, 1 3 and others to raise funds t o cover their

tra v,..; lling e xpe nse s t o Ta;1zania when t hey were to be sent to

unde rro mi li t a ry trainin~ . The old ind i ctment , pa ge 25 - ! ~y

Lore , this .... loul d appear to be the same mGe ting & 5 No . 29 on

parE: ::: 5, judg inP.' by thos e who are present , what wa s sai d ,

~.:h e v e n l',C and t r,e t i me . Your Lordsh i p will see t h a t in sub-1 0

P2!' 3.Ct'dPh. ( d ) r o dnt e at a ll is given .

The n unde r the next head i nr B(iii) on pare 1 3 - at a

me e ~ ing durinp July/Auglls t , 19 68 , at th e houses of Accused

~os . 7 a n d 11 , Accus e d No .7 t eld Acc used Nos. 2, 1 0 , 11, 13 ,

I'ls hayis2 . .ol nd Tha)!e that the y would be tra ined in methods of

sabotage , an d a ll pr esen t we r e in favour o f thi s proposa l .

The t is the meet i n ), on p age 23 , meeting No . 1 7 . Agai n th e

same hous e , t ha"t i s that of Nos . 7 and 11 , the same t ime

des c ribe d as cTuly/Auf, u s t , the same accus ed the r e c:. nd a l s o

Mshay i sa a nd Tha~e , and wh a t wer e the y told ? 20 That the ;" woul d

be trained in me thod s of sabotage . Al l tha t is added here

are ~ ;le words - Ha n d a ll present were in favour of this

pro p')sal . "

Then Hy Lord , the last item o n page 1 3 - on the 1 4tp

January , 1969 , a t the house of Accused No . 4, No . 4 t o l d

Accu:;ed Nos . 2 , 3 , a nd 5 and Sikosana th a t t hey would have to

choo .;e sor.teone to act as a go - between between th em and the

~uer~ll a figh t ers . The eq uiva l ent h e r e i s at t he t op o f

paf,e 37 , t he second item , that is s ub - parag r aph ( e ) - there

are ~wo " e t s " on pa,-~ e 37 a nd it is the one a t the to !) of ?C

the pa ge , a nd. he r e simi l a rly , No . 3 t o l d No . 1 a nd Sikos a oa

::ha t No . 6 t.;as appr oached by s omeone to a ppoin t a lia ison

officer/ •. •

- 12-5 -

o~fi.;er be tween the Sowcto gr oup and the l eaders of "the

t e rrorists . No . 3 t old lIl' os . 1 , 2 and 4 and Sikos a na that

t hey h a d to e l e ct such d li .;!. ison offic e r . The only d iffEr ence

is t ha t in th~ present inuic t ;nent thi ~ person i s described

as ~ ~o -be tween - in t he o l d ind ictment he wa s a liaiso n

officer . I~ th e new i nd i c t men"t t he se people are t o l d thOL

t i1ey ~·!ould ha ve t o C:100s e h im , and in t h e f irs t i nd ictr.'len~

it is 53 id t ha t they had to e l ec t h i m. We ll Ny Lord ,

r eally •••

Then at the t op of 'Page 14 of t he pr ese nt i ndic t Men"t - 10

A;: c used No . 2 ndvocat ed the acceDtance o f the Communis t the or,:!

in t he follow i n g manne r . Then ( a ) -

" During 196 7 and 1968 a t Al exandra he p r opaf""at ed

co~~unism to the l o c a l ANC group as be ing the o nly

s oluticn to the economic pr oblems of t he bantu . "

t1y Lord , o n page 31, paralI r aph 9 , s ub- parag raph ( x) -

" Durin g 1967 3.nd 1968 he propa[at~d Communi sm.

t o the membe rs of the Al e xandra grou p as t he only

s o lution to "th e E::conomi c problems of the ba ntu . "

Yo ur Lordshi p coul d a l so add t o that a refe rence t o 20

nare 39 , sub - parag raph ( b ) of para~raph 19 . I don l t ne ed to

r ead i t.

Then bac k to Dage 11,. , sub- parag r aph ( b ) -

" Durin r 1966 he l ect ured t o t he members of the

Di~Dk loof ANC gr oup on aSgec~s o f t he doctrine

re l a ting t o the class strupgle in a capitalis t

soc i ey t a nd that the i mpl ementation of th e

cowmunist doct rine woul d e limi nat e t he

gri o:! vance:s of the ban t u . 1I

Your Lords h i p sees it r eads r ather odG l y . He l ectured 30

on aST)ect s of the doc trine and t hat t he i mpl eMe nt ation of th IS

communi s t doc t r ine w:Jul d e liminate the grie vances of th(~ bant u .

On/ •••

On paf'A 31 0= "the first i ndic t ment , parar,raph 9, sub-

pa r cl raph (vii) -

"de gave lec tures to the DiepkIoof p:roup

members in 1968 on aspec"ts of the doc trine

relating to the class s truc- rr le 1n a capitalis t

s ociety a,d e xpl c: ined t h.at t he ifTlpleI".entation

of the comfTlunist doc t rine would eliwinate the

grie vances of th e bantu. "

The Hard " e xDlained" has been dropped a s c l early a

typi~g error from the present indictment. The words

a re ~ xactly the same .

Then s ub-paragraph (c) on page 14 -

"During 19 68 he , Accused No . 7 and Mashaba

addressed the sai d Di epk l oof gr oup ana stressed

t:h o2 ne ed to fight the whi te section of t he

popUlation in order t o brine about economi c

cha nges in favour of t:he bantu . II

1 0

Page 31 , paragraph 9 (v) - t he same three peo7)lo ,1c d r o::.s"-.':' J

t he l)iepkl oof r r oup member s and stressed the need t c f irl'h (

the whi t:e section of the popul a tion in or der t o e r.C th~ ';' 0

e conomic prob l ems of t he bantu . v..'hereas in the first

inaic t ment the speeches \-1e r e s ummari sed as be ing 1n order 't o

end the e co~o~ic pro~ lems o f t he bantu , what i s now said is

in order to br ing about e conomic c han g:e s in f a vour of the

bantu . A descript ion without a differe nce .

Then ( 0 ) on page 14 -

" Durin g 1967 and 1968 he, Accused Nos . 3, 4 , 6

dnG 7 e xpl a ined tne merits of the commun is t

sys t er.\ t o ?roup members a t meetine.s or l.n con-

versation in Sowe to, and the need for a vio l e nt 30

upri sinr t o e nd th e capitalist sys t em ano

e stablist: a communi s t f o r m of state ."

That ! •••

- 127 -

That ply Lord, i s the same as a rain on page 31 , para:·~.::.ph

9 eiv ) . It is again the same accused and it is sa id t hat

they explained the merits of the communist systf' f!'! to r: r ouD

memb~rs at meeting s in Sm"eto 01"' in the cou!~s e of conver­

satil)n , 'the? stressed the need for a vio lent upri sin9" to eml

the capitalist system and es tablish a communist state . He ll

Hy Lord , the Hords n i~l thee course of converse.tion ll arE

c h;::. n e.e d to !lin conv(;!'sat ion" .

Tilen ( e ) on page 1U of the present indictrn.e r.t -

HIn June, 1968 , Accused Nos . 2 , 3, 4 , 5 , 6 , 7, 10

8 and 9 prepa red , distributed and e xpla ined t wo

l e ctures , entit l ed "Text Book : Po l it ical Economy

(John Eaton) - June , 196 8 . ''' '

In the fi rst indictment , on page 29 , ad para3raph 8 ,

i terns Nos . 8 and £) , these very sam9. accused a re said to ha ve -

"Prepared , dis tri tlu ted and e xp l ained inte r alia

two lectures entit l ed : "Text Book : Po litical

Economy , Jun e , 1968 . " 11

For some reason here I1John Eton" Hhich may be the ne.ID(!

of an author , has been insert ed .. But t:t:e l ectHres are t h ,,,, 20

same .

And then, if YO"..lr' Lordshi p v!i ll also l 00k , in conne ction

Hi-ch that alle~ation , at pa.ge 31, paragraph 9(i) , the first

item on the page -

"They pro par,ated t he communist doctrin e (these

accused did , it is said) by distributing a nd

discussing t hese same two lectures . Text Book :

Pol itica l Economy . "

If 'four Lordshi p reads pnge 29 ",lith the t(,!=' o f paGe 31,

Yo ur Lordship sees th a t they are the sa.me lectur'€s .

Th":!D Gub - paragraph a t the foot of paf e 11+ -

HDur inr the period 1967 to 1969 , Nos . 2 , 3, [~ ,

5 , I •••

30

- 1 28 -

5 , 6 , 7 , 8 an d 9 discussed a nd distr i but ed

t he unGer ne n t i oned pamph l e t s , i ss ued by t h~

ANC ••• "

An d t hen t h e re i s a l is t o f pa mnhl e t s . If YOL'r Lorcs~i ~

looks at the fu r t her parti c ul a r s o f the f irst i ndi ctment ,

page '27 - he r e are t hese pamphl e t s - "We bri n,.,. you a r.1ess ;:!'f" c -

The A. N. C. call s fo r Ac t ion" . Your Lordsh i p w::' l l find t heir.

in p~ragraph 7 ( a ) on page 27 - e xac tly the sa~e o~e s -

'" 'He brin ~ you a message - The A. N. C. call s

for Action " , 1 C,

" We are a t t\la r l1 ( pamphl e t ,

" ~!e a r e a t 1,/ar" ( bookl e t) ,

"Mayib uye " ( bullet i n ) ,

" Sechaba " " .

In the new i ndictment My Lord , it r eads - " Se chaba" ,

" Hayibuye " - in t he o l d one " Mayi buye " , II Sechaba" .

On page 2B, in s ub - par agr a ph (i\ the r e is a l so a r("-! f€l~CnCe

to t he d i s t r i buti on of " iJe a r e a t War" , but My Lcrd , it is

the same five documents , di s t r ibut ion a nd discus s io~ of t he

sam~ fi ve documents . 20

Then ~y Lor d , a t t he t op o f pafe 15 , a c t ( g ) -

"Duri ng 196 8 Accused Nos . 2 , 3 , 4 , S , 6 , 7 , 8

and 9 di s cussed and d i s trib ut e d t he S. A. I . C.

pamphl e t "Freedom Fighter s on the Mar ch " . "

Page 27 o f t he o l d indi ct men t , par agr aph 7 , SUb - p2.rar r::.p1lf

( b ) a n d ( c ) -

II During 196 8 Nos . 3 and ot hers (who are now

part i cul a rized ) r e c e ive d , dis c uss ed and

dis tribute d t he S. A. I . C. parn.phl e t "Free dom

Fi.r.h t e r s on t he :1ar ch" . "

':'he n on pa ge 1 5 , ( h ) -

"On th e 6 t h Februa ry , 1969, Acc used Nos . 2

a nd / •• •

30

- 129 -

and 4 discus sed an A. N. C. paJ'!l.phlet issued bv

the overseas branch of th "3 A. N. C. which Has

similar in content ·to the freedom Ch c:.rtcr ann

advocated the adoption of th ·2. princi p l es s et

out there in . II

~1y LorJ , page 28 , sub- paragraph ( h ) -

" On th\~ 6th Februa ry , 19 69 , Nos . 1 and 3

discussed ( that i s the present: Nos . 2 and q )

an A. N. C. pamphlet is s ued by t he overseas

branch l.Jh ich Has simi l ar in conten't to the

Fre edom Charter' . n

r·l y Lord, t he PrOS2clltor here has a dded the wo r ds -

10

" and adv(lcat~d t be adop t:ion of the principles set out t he r e in . '1

\\le11 l'1y Lo rd , that takes it no further .

The n sub- parag r a. ph (j.) -

ll Accused No.2 prepared a written l ecture,

entitled I' A Call to the Poor'l and handed it

to Sikosana , i n which he advoca.t ed the l 11 -

tensification of the class struf!r l e t o b r ine-

about the violent overthrow cf the capitalis t

State . "

Page 29 , p a r ag r aph 3 , sub- par agraph ( b ) -

"He pre?are d a lecture entitled itA c a ll to

t he Poor" and fa v e it t o Sikosana ."

It is the same l ec ture, I1y Lord .

20

t1y Lord , t o the bes t of my knowledre , in conne ction with

t h i s pa rt i c ul ar accused , one finds nothing new here . Howeve r ,

I go on t o sub - parag raph (j) -

" In i'larch , 1969 , Ac c u sed No .2 prepared a

l ecture , advoca,tin[ inter a li a , th e ador tion

o f Le.ninism a nd r ej ection of c apita l i sm . "

On paf€ 31, sub- paragraph 7, the Y'e i s a re fe r e nc e to

No . 1/ ••.

30

- 130 -

~Jo . 1 g ivinr l e c1:ure S t o the Di epk l oof ", r ou p on the ca~it a li s t

s o cie ty , and exp l a in ing tvhy the commun~st doctrine shoul c be

i r.:p l Qme ntE:c . He a l so i s a lleged in sub - par aer aph 10 on r uge

31 1:0 ha ve propag a t e.d c ommuni s m to the membe rs o f t ~'le

Alex~n dra grou p , and My Lord , on paee 4 1 th e re is a refe ren c~

t o No . 1 d i s cus s ing the ? r epara t ion of l e c t ures lh.~ aling with

t he differe nces be tween Chinese and Russ ian comr:-uni sm .

My Lord , it is n o t pos s i ble to say positive ly t h? t 'th i s

par Ti cula r l e cture ~vas a part o f t he o l d indictmer; t - ~ne C~~

only

n a me .

say it l ooks very Much like the t hing und e r 10 5 ,,:!: me ano the..:,

NOvl My Lo r d , Od -

li On t h e 18th March , 1969 , Accus ed No . 2 said

t hat the A. N. C . should apply the teachin g o f

Len i n in regard to re - empl oying f o rmer me mbers . "

Ol d ind i c tme nt , par e 4 1 , s ub- paragraph (n ) -

HOn the 18th Nar ch , 1969 , he sa id t ha t the

organ i s ation shoul d e mpl oy t he teachin[ of

Len in in regard t o r e - e mploying former jT\e J11bers . 1I

Pap,e 1 5 , (l) -

"On tlle 24th Mar ch , 1969 , Accus e d Nos . 2 , 3 a nd

4 d i scus s e d the pr e parat ion of l ec tures d ea l inp.

\.-, i t h t he ideo l og ica l difference s be t we en Chinese

e nd Russ i a n communi s ts and betwee n Social i s m

and Marx ism. "

Ol d i ndi c tment , pUfe 4 1, sub - par a g raph ( 0 ) -

" :::>n t he! 24th tiarch , 1969 , the s ame three d i s -

c usse c the pre parat i o n of l ec ture s de a linr

wi t h t he ideolog i cal diff erences be t we en Chinese

a nd Rus sian communists a nd be twee n Social i sm

an u Harxi s m. "

The n My Lord , we ge t a new category of acts at t he f oot

o f I • ••

20

30

- 1 31 -

o f ~a£e 1 5 - t he B(viii) acts - ( a )

"Accused ~ !os , 2 , 3, 4, 5 , 6 , 7, 8, 9 , 14

and 20 prepared, discussed , d i stribute.d or

at t empted t o dis t ribute the f o l lowing docur.c nts . "

And noVl Ny Lord , we hav e the docurt.e nt s , an d the se a r e

to be foun d on f.l<leC 29 of the o l d indictment . One can tak ~

them one by one . The first cnG here -

"Circular dated 26 . 2 . 1968 pos t ed on a wall on

the corner of Fox and Von Brandis Stre l:: t s ,

.Johannesbul'e . I ' 1 0

No . 1 in t he old i nd i c t ment - one da ted 26 . 2 . 1 96 8 posted

on a wall on t he corner o f Fox a nd Von Brandis Streets . .:"1'=

Hard "Johanne sbu r r- " has n ow been added .

Th e n _

"Cif'cular dated March , 1968 . n

One dated March , 1968 , in the o l d indict~e n t .

The next one -

"Ci ::-cular da t ed Narch , 1968 , " Remember

Sharpvil l e " . "

And t he ne xt one - "Remember Sharpvil lel!.

The ne xt O:1e -

"Circul ar dated "1arch , 1 968 , addressed t o

UBe CO l...i.nc i llor . "

In the old i ndict rr:ent - addr essed to UBe Counci l lor ,

da t eci Ma rch , 19 68 .

The next one -

"Circ ular undated , "A call t o the Peopl e of

Sout h Africa . "

The same in the first indictment .

The ne xt one -

" Circu l ar undat ed "A" t o ' N' PLan ".

In the o l d indictment , on l2. entitled " HAil th~ ' 11 ' Plan . 1I

Ne xt , ! •••

20

30

- 1 32 -

:~e xt -

"Re port t o the A. N. C. Conference hel c on

1 . 6 . 1 9G3 . '·

In -:he o l d indict:ment - " RF.por t to the A. N . C. Confercn cf!

he ld o n 1 . 6 . 1 968 . "

Ne xt -

" Articl e entitled "Africans lon South Af!'lc a "

dated f1arch , 1968 . 11

In the o l d indictment - "Art icle entitled II Afr i'=! ans in

Sout h Africa ll, dated March , 1968 . 10

My Lord , if the paralle l system had been follo w.:d ir

eVery othe r secti on of t he indictment, it woul d hav e: a ll !">ce"1

very much s impler and pl a iner .

Then sub- parag raph (b) on page 16 -

"Accu sed No . 2 pre pared the docume nt:s se t o ut

in parag r aph B(vii ) ( i) and ( 5 ) supra . !1

Tha t i s the lectures abo ut Lenini sm a nd n.t.. cal l to t he

Poor" . The r e again , that is th.2: same allegation tha t appear's

on p :.e..: 29 unde r s ub- pa r agr aph (b) - it A Ca ll for the Poor II

whic~ t he same accused i s sa i d t o h a ve pre9ared .

Thf::n sub- paragraph ( c ) -

'I In 1968 Accused No . 2 de livered a batch of

parrphle t s to Livings t one I'lancoko in Port

I:li zal>e th for di s t rj.b ution . II

Th~ old ind ictme nt , pa ge 30 , s ub-pa r agraph 6 , t he first

item on th~ pare -

l'In t he l a tte r half of 1968 No . 1 de l ive r ed a

ba t ch of pamphlets to No . 21 (that is Hancoko )

f o r distributi on in Port Elizabe th . 1I

20

Ny Lord , f'ia ncoko was an accu sed in t he old ind ictr.tent . 3U

Sub-Fa ra ~ raph ( d) -

" Accu sed Nos . 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 and 6 discussed t he

pr e paration/ • ••

- 1 3 3 _

pre ? ara tion of pa nph l ets at t he house of No . 6

on t h e 27 th Dec e mbe r , 19 68 . "

Pag e 23 , mee ting No . 12 , saT'1e hOUS E , also') 27th DecE: jI'b ..:! r ,

1968 , sam8 p -= rson s , g i s t o f mee t inr- - dis cus s pC1!T!phlets o f

t he A. N. C.

~'; u b - paragraph ( e ) -

"In Januar~' , 1969 , Accused No .. 2 deli ve r e d a

qU.=:lnt ity O C pamphle t s t o Livi ngston e Manco;.;:o

in Port: t: l iz ube th f or dis tribution . "

The sajlle all e gation My Lord , old i ndic t JTIent , pa g e 30 , 1 0

parc~ra ph (xv i ), Janua ry , 1969 , the same pac.phle t s , !~o . ~ -

t h a t is the prEsent No . 2 , t ook a quantity t o No ~ 2 1, t h a t 1. 5

~1anC0 ko, in Fe rt Eli zabe t h , for distributi on the r E.' .

Sub- pa ragraph (f) -

"On 6th Februa ry , 1 969 , Accused i'!o . 2 t o l d

Accused No . 4 that the Fre edom Ch arter shoul d

be embodied in the ne xt p2.T"lphlet , t o VTh i ch

Accused No . lJ agr ee d . "

Ol d indic t ment, page 28 , sub-paragr aph ( h) , t he s a me two

p,;: r s ons , a s a in on ·the 6th F~ brua'I"Y , 1969 it i s said -

.: Dis c u s s ed an A. N . C. pa mphl et i s sued by the

ove r sea s branch wh i c h was simila r in cont e nt

to 't he Freedom Char ter . "

Then sub - par a gr aph ( ~ ) -

"O n t he :£ 2r.. d March , 1969, Accused No . ? t o l d

Accus ~d No s . 3 , 5 and Sik:osana tha t they s houl d

ron ~o an d distr i bute further pa mphlets , t o which

Acc used Nos . 3, 5 and Sikosana arr r'e e d ."

20

Old i ndictment, ?a~e 30 , sub- paraeraph 1 8 , the s a~e da t e ,

the sam\.;! a c c used t o l d th e s a me persons tha t t hey s houJ.ct 30

r oneo a nd d i s tri bute furth e r pumph l e ts.

BY THE COURT: 'Nhat sub- f!a rag raph on pace 3D?

t~R . KC ,, '.l.'R I DGE :! .. •

- 1 34 -

MR . KENTRI DGE : The l ast one , Hy Lord , pag e 30 , sub- pa,ragr aph

(xvii i) , of t he old i ndi c tment .

The n ,1 1: th ':;! f oe t o f page 16 of the p r es ent i ndictne :1 t ,

sub- pa r cg ra ph ( ~ )

"Accuse d ~Io . 2 t o ld Accu sed !los . 3, 5 a nd Silco s a na

t hat they sho uld pr e pare and di s tr i bute furth~ r

p:3 l!'phlets , to vlhic h t hE:: said accused e.g r e ed . "

Al s o o l d i nd i ctme n t , page 30 , sub- para g r 2ph ( Yi '(), 1 v

Lord , t he date i s t he r e put in -

" On the 16th April , 1 969 , he told those S aTl'P

t h ree t o prepare a pamphlet to c o mmemorate t h n

26th ,June . II

The n a t the t op o f page 17 , My Lord , the r e i s t h~ seme

a l l e zation about preparing pamphle t s to commemora t e -<;:l e

26th J une , to which t he accused agreed . Also (xix) o n pa p,€

30 0: the o ld indictment .

i1y Lord , if ite m ( h ) at the f oot o f pare 1 6 t<Jas in

. ~es pec t of a d i ffer ent mee ting , t h E:: n perha p s if my l e a rned

fr ~,~nd wo uld give us a date for i t , we could check up ;'I,ore

close l y on that on e .

Thc n on page 17, goi ng t o sub- paragra ph ( j )

'IOn 2nd May , 1 96 9 , Accused Nos . 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 a nd

Si kosa n a d ec i ded t o prepare a pamphlet f o r

d i s tribution on 26th June . '1

Th a t is t h e o l d indic:tme>nt , page 30 , par a g raph ( xxij ) ,

a rn l~ e tine on the 2nd Ma y , the SaJ!le pe r sons - it \Yas deci de d

to pre f'a r e a parph l e t f o r distri bution on t he:: 26th June .

Th e n sub- par a e raph (k) -

"Accuse d No . 2 pl"' e pa r ed a l ecture en ti'tl e d " The

10

20

Hope of t hB Strugg le" advocating the ove rthr otoJ 30

o f the pr e s e nt S t a te . '1

Tha t i s f ound on pa ge 29 o f the o l d indic t me n t , s ub-

paragr aph i •••

- 1 35 -

pa ragr aph (c) - t he same acc us e d pr e par2d a l e c t ure e,n: ~ t l e d

"The Hope of t he StrU8 € le" , a nd he a ctua l l y del ivered it

to t~e :::>ie pkloo f g r ou p . ! don ' t t h ink f'l y Lord , tha t mV

l earne d f r ien d s ugGes t s t ha t h 2. pre na r ed two l ec t ure s

,~n tit:l e d , "The Hepe o f th~ St r ug gl e ".

Hy Lord , H e n OH corr·e t o the r r o ur of a l le !:,<l tions

r e l &t i. ng -to sabota ze , and possibly Your Lordshin ~i ,,' ht f i n d

i t c o nve nie n "t t o t ake the a dj our:1J!lent bt:.- f o r e I D ~ s s :m t o

C0 URT ADJ OURNS AT 11. 1 5 A • • '1.

COURT RESU i":r:S AT 11 . 30 A . i-1.

HR . KENTRIDG E CONTINUES ADDR[ SSING THE COURT : My Lor el, I :ve.5

a t pa~e 17 o f t he pr esent ind i c t ment , I t e li' I3 ( i x ) - t ,:e

sa~o td ge one s .

Sub-paragr aph ( a ) -

"During J a nua r v , 1 ~69 , at mee ting s he ld in t he

ho use of Accused No . 4 , Accused No r. . 'l , 3 , '+ ) I ,

a nd Siko san& con se~ted or encourag e d on e a not her

t o c ommit act s o f sabo tap. e at Govern~en t a nd

private p r operty . " 20

i1y Lord , t hese va r i ous meeting s a r e detail ed i f! t he o l d

indi c ~~ent at p a ge 22 - me c ti n r No . 5 and me etine No . 6 o n

the 14th e n d 17th Januar\l l~espective ly , at the ho use of

l ~ in!1 ie Hande l a . In the one c aSE it says the V di s cus se:d the

fe~~ sibi l i ty o f c ornm.itting s a bo tage and i n the se c ond t ha t

t he y sHould de s trcy power s t a tion s . And the n aga i n on pa Q" c 23 ,

t he s a :ne p l ace and al so i n Janua r y , it say s the y d i s cusse d

the burnin :::; of tra in s o n t 11..:! s ug gestion o f No . 1 .

I a l so r e f e r Your Lor dship t o pa?e 40 , sub-par3 ~ raph ... BY TH r~ CO URT : Yo u r ef e r r ed me t o pa Q'€ 23? 30

HR . KEN'IR I DGE : Yes t1y Lord , p ate 23 , me e tin t" !'>!o . 11 . An u

t !le n pare 40 , My Lord , under the he ading of "Infot'i1dl

Di f.:i CUss ions ll J • •

- 1 36 -

Di s cus s i on s " , Pdf€: 40 of the o l e indictme nt , sut: - pa r ag r aph ( k )

a t t he f o o t of the page , al s o i n January , 196 9, t h is accu s ed ,

i t i s alleg~d s a id that -

(b ) -

" Ac ts of a rso n Mu s t be committed on a count rv ­

Hi de s c a l e ."

The n ~n t he pre s en t indict~ent , pa r e 17, sub-parap- ~aph

"Duri n g 1968 Accused Nos . 2 , 7 , 1 0 , 11, 1 2 ,

;"!s hay isa e. nd Thalje at a me €! tinE held 1 n tile

house of No . 11 consent ed to underr:o t r ain in". i n I J

me thods of sabotage . "

That Tree ting is cn page 23 of the o l a ind ict r1ler..t , it ~. s

meet ~ n8 No . 17. The gist of the meetin f;!" it i s ·,>c'!.1 d ~ i s "tha "t

they would be trained in me thods of sabotap;: e .

Then pag e 17 , sub- paragraph ( c ) -

"In 19 68 i n the hou se of No . 1 0 , I\ccused Nos .

2, 10 , 11 and 12 , Thage and Phi ll ip , consentert to

under~o training i n me t hods of sabotage . u

That ap pears t o be t he meeting on pa~e 24 of t h3 old

i nd ic tment , vJhich i s l!:a rKe d as mee t i nG No . 21, and it i s 20

sDec i fical ly refe rre d t o the ob t ainin g of e xplo s ives fron i

f r iend 1tlho was employed a t Afri can Ex plosives .

The n sub- paragraph ( d ) -

"On the 31s t January , 19 69 , at the house o f

Makhene in Orlando \rlest , Accus ed Nos . 2 , 3 , 4

and 5 cons e nted t o undergo traininr in m~ thods

of Gabota ,?; e . "

My Lord, t h i s appears t o be the meetinp J!'en t i o n ;'Q O T:

page 26 , t he l a s t one , No . 35, that was a t t he ho us(- of

Makhene on the 31s t January , and the IYis t is t hat t he SE! 30

pea p=. (;: \,Je r e a s ked i f t he y wO:...l l d l i ke t o meet th e pe,:,sons Hho

wo ul d be DreDar ed t o help i n blow up powe r sta ti ons , t hey

re plie d.! •••

- 137 -

replied a ffirma tively . In the ne ~" indic t: ire .... ,t it is r e ferI' Gd

t o as 'bons e ntin;: to unde r~o tr-ainin cr in methods of s 2.bo-t ap ;:; ;t .

It is c l early the same occas ion and mee ting <"'.nd discussion .

Then at the foot of page 17 , My Lord , we SO on to

further a spects of sabotag e , para .q: ra ph B(x), sub- paI'avr .:'!.)).1

( a ) -

nOn the 3rd January , 19 69 , Acc us ed Nos . 2 , 4- , 5

and Sikosana inspec t ed trains a t CrO'Arn Sta tion,

Accus e d No . 2 d emonstrated to the othe rs how

trains should be a p proached a n d set a li r ht: .

The same procedure wa s foll owed a t Braamfontei n

an~ Booy sens stat ions . 11

That appears 1n the o l n indictme nt on pi~.f"e 27 , a.s

parag ra ph S(a), the first parap; r a ph on the pa~€; , and O il. th <.~

same da t e , the salT'.€: per sons, it is said , went fi rst to Cro!·m

S t a t io n , where t hey insn~cted tra ins and the localitv , and

1 .1

where No . 1 - that is t he Dresent No.2 - demon s tra t ec', to t :--t~

othe rs hOT.H to appr oach trains and set t hem a l ip"" ht . There a ft er

they proceeded joint ly to Booysens a nd Br aamfont(.';:in \\Ihc re th ,::

s ame procedure of ins pections an G demonstra1:iof1s wa s f :) l I O'. ... e d ; O

and the r e f erences to Croesu s are dele ted. Those a r e oj

course , My Lord , p r e cise ly the same all ega tions .

At t ile t op of page 1 8 , sub- paragr aph ( b ) -

" On the 3rd January , 19 69 , Accused No s . 2, 4 ,

5 a nd Sikosana went t o Croesus to search f or

the pr emises of the Lange berg Ko-op . wi t h a viet ...

t o investil.!atin ::; the q ues tion of commi.tt inr

sabo t age t here . "

Tha t i s on paGe 27 of the first indi c tment, as pararra ph

5 ( b ) - the same dat e , the s ame pearl e , went to Croesus to 30

search for the premises o r the Langeberg Ko - op . with a v ie·d

to investig a. tin r the Qu es tion of cammi ttin r.! sabo t age ·the r e .

Precis~ lY / ".: "

- 1 3 8 -

Prec i s ely the sane words Hy Lord, ahout preci s e l y the s ame

event .

Then we have a new ca t e pory - B( xi ) - on r a;t e 18 , sl!b-

para~ra r>h ( a ) -

" On th e 16th December, 1 968 , a t the ho u se of

No . 4 (that is Mrs . Mandela ) Accuse d Nes .

2 , 4 and Sikosana encQura8"ed one a n.othe r and

o the rs to t he p rosecuto r unknown a nd/or

consented t o procure firearms . "

, ..... ·1 r; My Lord , thi s meetinG is to be f ound in the old Ina l C ~ -

ment a t page 22 , as mee ting No . q , at t he hous e of HI's.

Mande l a , on the 1 6th December , 19 68 , the same peo!, l e vJere

th e r e a.nd the g ist is tha t they , meanin~ ANC members , would

obt ain firearms .

Then sub - par a r raph ( b ) -

" On the 23r d January , 19 59 , at th e house o f No . 4 ,

Accused Nos . 2 , 4, 5 a nd Si ko s a na conse nt e d to

fi nd it cache for firear ms . 1I

That is also on pcge 22 of the old indic"tme n '.: , & S Mee tinc;

No . 7 , same d a t e , same p l a c e , t he same people , and t~10::'>C~ ii: 20

was s aid that Nos . 3 , 4. and Si kosana were t o l d to find a

cache for firearms which would be obtained for pur poses cf

mili tary trainine of member s .

Then My Lord , the next one , B(xii ), on pafe 1 8 , s ub-

pararr r aph (a ) -

"On the 16th December , 1969 , at a meeting in the

hous e of No . 3 , " •••

I t hink my learned fri e nd wi l l a g ree tha t t hat i s a

mi s print for 16th December, 1968 , as in Decembe r 19&9 tt.ey

",'er e i n t h i s Co urt .

BY TilL COURT : He ap!",ears to agree , Mr . Kentridl"c .

:13 .• LII:Bt NB£RG : Th £l t is s o .

3U

MR . KE.lTRIDGE : / • ••

- 1 39 _

I1R . KENTR I DGE: Sub - para <;raph ( a) -

" ••• a t a me e ting in the house o f No . 3 ,

No . 2 instructed Acc u sed No . 5 and Sikcsane.

t o t race and murd~r police informers , t o

which Accused No . 5 and Si kosana ag re ed . "

That is t he f i r st item on pc.g e 22 o f t he o ld i nd i ctrrc rJt .

t he same .l!lace , the saMe dat e , t he same people , and t l-t t2 \fa"

it is nut there is that -

"No . u a nd Sikosana a s members of the

Disc i p l inary Committee , ~.Jc re entitled to 1 0

trace and rr.urder Do lice informers . "

3Y T;iE CO URT : J ust r epeat t hat p l ease .

MR . KCNTH I DGE: Page 22 of the o l d i nd ictme,nt , t he f irs t i t e." ,

me e ting No . 1 .

Then back t o pa r; e 18 of the pre sent i ndictment , the n.::x1.

i t em , s ub - pa r a qraph ( b ) -

" On the 8t h De c e mber , 1 96 8 , a t e. me e t inG ~n the

hou se o f No . 4 (that is Mr s . l1andela ) No . 2

r epe d t cd thi s instruction t o Accus ed No s . 4, 5

a n d Sikosana . To t h is Accu s e d Nos . 4 , 5 a nd 20

Sikosan a agre~ d . "

That is also on pape 22 , it is the third mee t 5.n l? t Hy Lord ,

where the .'! i s t is t hat the s e peo pl e wer e entitled to t r 3.c e

a nd murder police i nformers .

BY THE COURT: I don 't f o llow t he l ogic . On t he 8th D2c eT'lh r:; r

what ha ppe n ed on the 16th December?

HR . KENTR I9G£ : Yes , it is rather s tra ngely put , Hy Lo r-d . r~(·

Pro s ecutor says , " Repeated th i s i ns tructio :!1t, but I t ake i 1

i t i 3 s inpl y a brief way , avoidin ~ writinn it a ll out ~Bai n .

BY THE: CQJRT : ',l here is that f ound in t he o l d indic-:..mcnt ? 20

J1R . KENTRIDC:: .s : Pa.~e 22 o f the old ind.ic t me nt , th <:.: t h i r d

mee ti r. 'l, . One s ees it is t he sar;;;,:; mce t iw.- and ·the same th i n !'" '.

VlaF, / •••

- 1 40 -

tvas discu ssed .

Then t he ne xt is not a mee ting , it says - ( b)

"AcC USE:d rlos . 2 , 3 , 14 , 5 , 6 , 7, 8,9 and

14 preDared , discussed , distri buted o r

a tt empte d t o d i s t ribute t he c ircular ,

e nt itled " A cal l t o the Pp.op l e of South

Afri ca" in ~-Ih i ch t h e names of per sons s u s ­

pected of hav.in~ assisted t he StatE: in in­

vest i rat i n f, sub ver~ ive ac t ivities were set

out . " 10

Hy Lo r d , th a t i s fo und i n the o l d ind i c t ~;nt at rtlr t~

29 - i t i s ad request 8 ( a ), a nd i L s ays that -

"These persons pr epar ed , discussed , di s -

tribu t ed o r a tt empt ed to d i s tri bute certain

c ircul a r s ••• II

e nG ( v ) i s t h i s o ne - " A cal l t o the People o f S()Ut h Afr: c;;. rI .

All t ha t t he Pr osecutor does he r e i s set out a brief de ­

scr iD t J.on o f the c onten t s of the pamph l e t s .

Th~ n t he last ite~ on pare 1 9 , su b- paragru~h ( d ) -

"Accused Nos . 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 and 14

prepa red , discussed , di s tri but ed t he ci rcular

20

dated 26 .1.1 968 in wh ich pe rsons were i nci t ed

to k i l l certain peI'sons who had p".ive n evide:-,cl3

in pr evious tr i a l s or whom t hey s uspected of

havin !" given info r ma tion t o t he police . II

iJOH My Lord , t his particular c i r cul ar i s alsc men t ioned

on page 29 o f t he f i rs t indic t ment . It ~ s a l so od reques t

8( a ) and i t i s the fi rs t item , (i) , t he ci r c ul a r da t 8d

26~h february , 196 8 , pos t ed o n a wall on t he corner of Fox

and Von Brandis Stree t s . Thi s is t h~ same c i rcuI ':ir .

Then at the t op of paee 19, s ub- pa r agr aph ( e ) -

liThe sarr:e incj t e:nent was e mbodied in the

Repo rt/ •••

30

- 141 -

Report to the P . • . : . C. Confe 'r'ence hel d on

1 . 6 . 19 68 prepured , di s cussed , distribu!ed

by Accused Nos . 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9

and 14 . I,

That also i s O!1 page 29 of t h <-; o l d indictmen+ , 1."1 t>2

self- same pa r'agra?h t-lhere it appears as item ( Vil) .

The n My Lord , the nC:!x t ser ies of act s ascribed t,)

Accused No . 2 r elate tc · hi s membership and 2.ctlvi t ies of the

A. N. C. Sub-paragraph ( a ) -

"Accused No . 2 becamc= a member of t he A . N . C. 1 0

before or dur i n rr t he pe riod bet\<.leen 19 62 a n d

1967 . "

As far as tha t is c on cerned of course , it Has alle ged

in t he f a r rie r i ndictment that this accus ed wa s a m€Pl.bE.!!' of

the A. N. C., in part icular , Your Lord s hip will fina l -t on

page 1 8 - it is mere ly an ~xam?le - but pa~e 18 of t he old

indictment , sub- par agr aph ( c ) (i) -

"This accus ed Has said 'to ha ve been a ner"lber of

the Sowato r; roup of t he A . N . C. i n 19 6 7 . "

So the on ly difference i s tha t nov] the\' s a " h e be e'"!"'!? 2 ..1

a member before or durin,; the period be t we,zn 1 962 ..:n'J 1 9 6 7 .

BY TdE CQUBT : I sn ' t it Doss i ble just t o f"i ve ne th e

r e f erence s?

MR. KENTRIDGE: And not r ead?

BY THE COURT: And not read . Have you perhap s got t.,e

r eferences ready on a ty ped piece of paper or a list? The

comparison s ? It may shorten t he proce~din rs .

MR . KENTRI DGE : My Lord , .. Ie ha ve been try inr to de that. 1£

Your Lordship wo ul d let me g ive s inply the re fe r e nce and then

if my l ear ned fri end disar rees wiLh any of t hem , he Hill no 30

do ub t dr aw Your Lordsh i p ' s attention t o t he ones where he

th i nk s I ha.vE:. go ne wrenq- .

We ll , / •••

- 14 2 -

~ve ll, I wo ul d be r.: r ateful if Your Lo r dshi r wo ul d ...., r e!"er

it because t h is is p-oine t o t ake an awfully lon~ tiRe .

:3 ¥ T; E COURT : Ye3 . In a ny e v ent , what I ha v e done i s :u;t

to no t e t he pa r a g r aph and t he c orresponding oaraS:!'d:,r. ~~n -h ..

o l d i ndictmen t .

f1R . KE NTRIDGE : Ca n I do it t hat Ho.y then , My Lord , f ro n nO'1

0:1 ?

fly -nil; COURT : Ye s .

~ 1R . <i:W.:'R I DGE : On p ':lge 19 , s ub - par a r r aph ( b ) (1) , f irs t

indic t me nt , page 20 , paragraph 3(b )( a )( i ). 1 0

I tem (2 ) - fi r s t i ndic t ment , pag e 20 , par ag: r aph 3( b )( a )

( i v) •

Ite rn ( 3 ) - first: ind ictment , paRe 21, paragr aph 3 ( b ) ( a )

(xi v) •

I tem ( 4 ) - firs t indict men t, par e 20 , para~ra ph 3 ( b )( a )

( xii) •

The n on p~ge 19 , ( e ) ( 1 ) - t hat i s t he one s t artinp -

" In Sept embe r , 1968 •• " - f i rs t i nd i c t ment, page 19 , par arl"'aph

2 ( a ) ( ii ) .

Then i t e n ( c ) ( 2 ) on pag~ 19 - o l d i nd i c t men t , page 19 , 20

pa r ag r aph 2 ( a )( v ) .

Item ( c )( 3 ) - o l d ind i ctment, page 19 , pa r agr a ph

2 ( a ) ( v ) .

I t e m ( 4 ) - o l d i nd i ctment , pa~e 19 , pa r ac r e ph 2( a ) ( vi ) .

Then on page 20 of t he new indictme nt , paragr a ph ( 5 ) -

the equiva l e nt in the o l d i ndictme nt i s a t pa~ e 19 ,

para2~aph 2 (a )(vii i ) .

Then ( d ) (1) - t hat i s t he f or mation of t he Sowe t o b~dnch -

ol d i nd ict ment , page 18 , pa r a gr aph 1 ( c ) (i ) .

The n ( d )( 2) - t he I n t e l ligence Commi t t e e - ol d indict - 3 u

me nt , pag e 19 , par a v. r a ph 1( b )( a ) •• • I a m sorr y Ny Lord , UP)

I gi ve yo u tha t aga in? Pa ge 19 , par ag r aph 1( b ) ( a )( i i i) - th -~ ~

i s / •••

- 143 -

~s a ,:c1i n the Intelligence Comr.1i ttee .

Then ( b ) (3) - the ~quivalent is pa~e 19 , parClb r aph 1 ( b )

(a) , .:l. n d agai n . .. ':Jou l d Your Lordship for t ha t: nut do~m

(ii:') and ( iv ) . No , I am sorry , woul a Your Lordship de l e t.e

( iii) a,n ct put down (ii ) - I rot t he dat e wron"" , it should

be ( ii) . And I would like t o raint out in conn~ction \.J"i t il

th e. t , that a1 thourh the date lS the same a nd th e persons

cor.ce rned ere the same , what is he r e ca l l ed the Or ganising

COTIur:i tt ee appears t o have been c a lle d the Financia l Cn rnmi t1: ee .

Then W 2 come to B(x v ), ( a ) - th :;: equiv a l e nt of t h a t is 10

at page 23 of the old ind ictrr.ent , T!1eeting No . 1 0 .

Then ( b ) - page 2 5 of the o l d indic tme nt , m,:!p. tinp N( , . :JL.

And My Lord it is here I should ment ion that one (!c t s all

t h e s e re fe rence s t o the overt hrow of the St a t e .

!-;y Lord , ( c ) is pag e 25 , mee t ing No . 33 .

Then ( d ) - tha funeral c ~· Loa b ile - p age 38, paraf t':!f'h

1 5 , the who l e: par~.~ raph , from sub- pararraphs ( a ) t o ( h) t it 1 '0

al l about Loab i l e t s funera l a n d i t cove rs every as~c ct of i~ .

My Lor d , that covers Accused No . 2 . There ··!e r e 6"/ i t 'C~ s

there a nd poss ibly o n the basis t hat e na or t~o d a t e s a r e 20

not ~ivent it is dif f icult to identify perha .... s t lNO o r thre-<.:

of them at the most .

t1y Lord , this i s an iMporte nt s ec t ion of t he indictrr t"nt

because when we come t o many othe r accu s e d , t hey siMpl" say

USee under Accu::;ed No . 2 , pa r agr aph sQ- and- s o ll, so on t: doesn ' t

ha v~ to rerea t it.

ThG:1 l'1y Lord, w..:: CO!!l,'; to Accus ed No . 3 , David Motau , and

he Has Accused No . 2 under t he fir s t indictment . Unde r t bi s

accus ed the r e al";':; SO ct llerC'1t i o ns . It appears t o u s th ~t thre~

o ut o f those SO can be regarde d as ne\<,' ones . The fi r st one 30

at t":, e t o p of page 21, the r :'? ferenc e t o th a t f le e t i.n C" i n ~he

olci indic tm~ nt is pa ge 2 2 , mee tin g No . 9 - that is t l""?; one

a bou U •••

- 1 44 _

abou t acquirin ~ th~ far w.

l'1y Lord , the next one , ( b) , as far as we can make e u 1:

t hc1~ meet1-n!; 't/as not incl uded in the first indi :. t ne nt, (JI'

i f j t wc3 we haven 't be e n able to trac ~ it. But it appears t~

us t o be a new a lle~ation . I aD sure my l earned f~iend will

be [ lad to tell me if I am wron~ .

Then (e) - the instruction to Sikosana t o r ec:,ui t

per~on3 - that i s pa~e 20 o f the o ld inc! ictment , pare.3raj"J"

3( b )(a )( vi L Although Your Lordshi!, will see , rr.ay I Doint

thi s out , this is a r a the r stranf€ a l legation because t nc. re 1 J

does";') ' t seerr. t o be anything in it about No . 3 . He seems to

be c onfused here wi t h No . 7 , but be that as it mey , e xa c t ly

the sam~ allegation is ~ade a t the r e f e rence which I gave

you~' Lords h i p .

Then B(vi) (a) - that is t o be found on pa:-e 37 of til ,:

o l d i ndictment , s ub - para :s; raph (h) .

The n ( b ) - that is on page 37 a l so , dnd that i s s ub­

paragrapi1 ( e ). That has a lready been r ead in u noth~r context ,

about the go- be t'Neen or the li a i son officer .

Then (c) - page 29 of "the o l d indic t me nt , parap::'aph 8Ud 20

8 (vii ) , that same A. N. C. Report .

The n B(vii) a nd B( viii )( a ) a r e referen c es back ~o

Accu~,ed No . 2 where He have g iven Your Lordship t he i rf r)r"":"dtlun .

The n ( b ), that 1S the ve ry last item on pai?" e 21 , ahnt. t

thi s document "" A" - Th e 'M' Pl an " . I~y Lord , tha t part:i.c \..l a r

alleGa tion is o n page 30 a nd it is item ( ix ) .

Then at the top o f page 22 , item ( c ) - alsc o n p~~~ ~O

of the o l d indic tme nt , a nd it is item (xvi ).

Then 8 ( ix) and (x) a r e incorpor ated by refer~ nc~ with

'\ccu~ed No . 2 .

S(xi) ( a ) - gOl D &" t o Carl e t onville - that J.:-i tlie o l d

""!.nJictment , page 27 , paragr aph 6 ( a ), word for wo r a .

Then/ •••

- 14 5 -

Then (b) - a l so page 2'1 , par agr aph 6 ( b ) .

The n~xt on E: , ( c) , is page 41 , s ub- paraQraph ( m) . NO'~l

t1y Lor d , doing i t t h i s In' a y , I t ak e:: i "t You r Lordsh i '[l doesn ~ t

want me to point t o ltJha t mi e:h t be di ffe r e n ce s i n l.JordL.:lp.?

He r e it says - lI under t o o k t o ge t e x p lo s ives " , in t nl:~ other

i t says - " offe red to Let e x p l osi vE: s " • If I find any su~-

stanti a l dif fe r e nc e , I wi ll po int it o u t, but ~att ~rs l ik(:

tha t I take it I can j ust • ••

BY TilE COURT: As I have t o l d you, I d on ' t make not e3 of all

the diff e r ences - t hese r emarks I '...,ill have t o conpare myself ~ 0

MR. KE t·:'fRIDGE : Then fly Lo r d , s ub- nar aeraph ( d ) o n p ,,~e ,2 -

" in Octob~r , 1964 , Accused No . 3 p r.ocur ed or e nco ura'I,ed

t-!ah l at~i , Kga?,aso and o t~le rs to mC!ke us e of h i s par'C1'-; e for

t he purpose of manufac t ur i nE. of e xpl osives a nd s t ori ilg

ineredient s f o r e x pl os ives . " As f ar as we knot-I , that is a ne' ·:

al l eza1: :: on .

Then a (xi i ) i s i nc orpora t ed by ~eferen ce .

B. (xii i ) - becar:te 2.. membe r of the A. N. C. durin)! the

period be tween 1 962 and 196 7 . Hi s memb ersh i p of 'tne A. N. C.

is d2al t with in t he firs t indictment a t pa!.'"e 1 8 , para ;-:-ra:i);-: 20

\ c ) ( i ) , and the r e Your Lor ds hi r Hill a l s c n() t e the e J.r).i c r

date i n thi s case .

Then it i s sa. i d - Accused ~fo . 3 "las a member o f t :ll!!

Umkonto l·ve Si zHe i n 196 4 . Th a t s entenc E' is c~ ne ~1 a l l egatio 'l

i ust t hat senten ce .

Then He come t o t he t op of page 23 , ( b )( 1) - th i s i s to

be foun d pr ecise ly on Dape - ~ 20 , par apr aph 3 ( a ) ( i v ).

It~m (2) is a l so p cl :;e 20 , para~raph 3 ( a )(vi ).

I t e m ( 3 ) is page 20 , pc:rar:raph 3 ( b) ( a )(i i ) .

Item (!il i s page 20 , par al?r aph 3( b )( a )(x , ) • 00

I t ~:r. ( 6 ) is pa" e 21 o f t he o l d ina ictme n t , para~raph 3(b)

( a ) ( xv ), t he same 50 0 young men .

I t el"/ • • .

- 1 4 6 -

I t e m ( 7 ) 15 t o be found in t he o l d i ndi ctme n t a t pa~e

40 , par a graph 21 ( a ) .

Th e n fo r i t e rn ( c ), t oward s the f oot o f t he p ~l ,...e , om:

t urn s back to page 19 of the o l d i nd ictme nt , paragra?h 2(a )

(ii i ) .

The n s ub- pClr agr aph (d ) ( 1) i s incor porat e d bv r efer('!' Dce .

Su b- paragr aph ( d ) ( 2 ) - o l d i ndict ment , pa~c 1 9 , pa~a­

g r aph 1( b ) ( a ) ( i v) .

Th ~n at the to p o f pag e 24 , S(xv ) - ( a ) is i nccrp n~f. 1: eU

by r efer ence .

Sub- par aer a ph (b ) - the s peech at the fu ne r al o f

Lekoto i s t o be f o un d o n page 37 of t h e o l d i na ;i c t m(;::nt ,

pa r agr a ph 1 4 ( g ) - \-1o r d for wor d , My Lord .

1 0

The n ( e ) - page 23 of the ol d ind i c t me nt , mee t ln~ No . 10 ,

A. ~J . C. l eaders t ak i ng ove r th e gove r nment o f t he co un t ry .

And ( d ) is par-e 22 , mee t ing No . 2 .

And t he l as t o ne i s inco r po r a t e d by r efe ren ce .

My Lor d , we not" come t o Accu sed No . 4 , Mr s . Ma nde l d . In

the f i r st ind i c tme nt she Has Accu sed No . 3 . On ou r coun t

t here a r e 6 7 al l e g a t i ons a p: a inst he r , o f "" h i ch f o ur c.: p pcar 20

to biZ ne ..... one s .

Start in~ on page 25 , t he fir s t a lleeat i o n ~ s i ncor po rat ed

by r 'efe r e n c e .

Al l e P' d 1: i o n ( b ) is t o be foun d on ? a ge 34 o f t ne o l d

i ndi c 1:me n t , where it i s pa r a gr a ph ( i v) .

My Lo rd , may I j us t make a note o f some thin& he r e ? Your

Lords!li.p s-=€: s t he r e a r e f e r ence t o Umko n to ~'.'e Sizwe . Now 1.n

the old ~' . nct i c tment t h e a bbr'e via1:ion " H. K." i s u s e d , dnd I

und e r s t a nd a nd I art s u r e my l e2.rn e d fri e nd wi ll a~ree , t hc>:. t

" N. K. 1t i s 1:he s t a nda r d abbr e v i a t ion fo r Umkont o We S i zwe . 30

r1y l earne d f r i e nd ha s nodded h i s agr eement t o t ha t .

Then we COfTle t o i te m (c ) on pafe 25 , tha t i s ;-a '"TC 110 of

- 147 -

t h..-?: ole:. indictment, paragraph 20 Ca ) .

Su b- p.:rar:ra p'ii ( d ) is similal~ly rage 40 t J: ~ragr<lpt. 20 ( d ) .

Sub- paragr aph ( e ) is i ncarpor e. ted by referenc e , and t w-;I:.

we cO to B( vi) ( a) - t hat is t o be fo und on pa p,e 36 , ?~r~qra ~h

13( a ),

The n ( b ) ~s Pd ~e 36 , para~r~ph 1 3( b ) .

An d ( e ) is page 36 t parar raph 1 3 ( c ) . He r E! the order is

follo;.]ed , Ny Lord .

The n ( d ) - page 37 of the old ind _:'ctment , p ar8: f'l: t'a p.L

13(d ) ,

Then ( e ) is r~~? e 37 of t h e o l d ind ictme nt , paragraph

1 3(e) .

( f ) , also 9a£e 37 of t h e o ld i nd i ctment, abO l;"C raul

J oseph . That i s paragr aph 1 3 ( j ) .

( R) , t he l as t" item on pa!~€. 2S of 1:~ C pr esent ir,d i c t ment ,

1.5 pa £:>? 37 , paraeraph 13(k ) .

( h ), at t he t o p of pag e 26 in the first ind ictm~ nt , i s

naS e 37 , parag raph 1 3 (1).

And (i) is ~are 37 , parag r aph 1 3 ( n ) .

10

My Lor d ( j ) on pag€: 26, as f ar as He ·can finct , apr> ·z ar-s 2C

to be Cl n e w al l e,?:ation . '.Jhen I say th o.=! t l'1y Lord , it mc: y be

that t he same occa5ion is to be foun d i n the old indict!Ttent ,

b u t we can ' t identifv it , so on th e face of it i t i s a new

a llerration .

Then g(vi i )( a ) ~s incor po r a t ed by refere nc e .

(b) i s to be f o und 0 n pare 31 of the o l d i ndictment,

pa.r agra ph 9(xi) , a l so ~'I'"'T'd for wor·d .

J} (viii)( a ) i s i r,e o rpl) r<'l. t e d by reference .

h Ot" , a s far .:lS (b) i s con cern e d , My Lor'd , t he, a l legation

r~gardin :: thi s pa~nhlet i s not in th(.: o l d indi c t r.18!1 t, but 30

I 30m infD r~r.ed , and i f necessary we will ShOH Your Loro3hi p ,

that th i s l e cture was handed i n as an e xhib it at the fir s t

tri a l! •••

- 14 S -

trial . I will gl. ve that information to Your Lordshi? , \-/ e

will find the exhibit number of it and tel:!. Your Lordship ). n

due course . 3ut the alle~ation doesn ' t appear in the first

indi c tment .

Then ( c ) , t"nd t i s towards the feot o f pag e 26 , t~lat

,-las on page 29 of the old i nd ictment: , and that "I d S par ar:: r .=tph

S(d)(ii,) .

Then (d ) at the end of page 26 , a l so pape 29, pA.r.::l.[, ranh

8 ( d)(iv ) - that i s the parnphl e t about Lekoto ' s fUne:.."'al .

Then at the top of pa8"e 27 , ( e ) - pa .... e 30 , pa r eJr"l.ph 1 0

8(d)(vii ) .

(f) - page 30 , paragraph S ( d )(x).

( g ) - page 30 , para~raph S ( d )(xv).

Your Lordship \4il l see in the present inc.ictr1ent , ~;,"'e

27 , par agr aph ( g ) it says - " Accu sed No. 3 r ead out a l etter •. II

~ . .Je ll My Lord , this i s a mi spr int , I pres ume , for Accused !Jo . II

beca,Jse we are dealing ' . .,lith No . 4 he r e . 1.'1 the last indic t ­

men !; she was Acc u sed No . 3 . I wonder if my l ea rned frien ~ s

would confi rm that " 3" is a misprint for " 4 11 ? On e can see

~n the f irst ind ictment it r eads just like thi s , on 23/1/ 6 8 . 20

BY THE COURT : So I wHl am€nd No . 3 t o rea.d No . " , Mr .

Kentridge . Yes?

MR . KENTRIDGE: Then (h ) i s incorporated by r e ference .

Then (i ) is i n th e fir s t indictme nt a t T'age30 , pal"'.:l[ raph

S ed ) (xx ) .

Then B(ix)( a ) is incor porat ed by refe r e nce .

And ( 0 ), Hhich has also actually be e n mentioned to Yo ur

Lords hip , is pase 40, par agraph 21(k) of the o l d indictmEn t .

Then the ne xt items are inco r poratec by reference .

The l as t o ne at the foot of the page , about Soman e , 3J

ki ll in r hi~ and bur~in~ his car , is pa~e 40 of t he last

indictment , paragraph 21(g ) .

Page/ •••

- 1 49 -

Pa ~e 28 - membership of the A. !II . C. - a~ain th e I' 8f e r enc€

to the f i r st indictmen t .; ~ . .. , pa g e 18 , pa r agrap h ( c)(i ), but

here too t·1y Lord , the r e is a d i f f erence i n t he peri od .

Then ( b )(1) is incorporat ed by reference .

( b ) (2) is to be foun d in t he o l d indictment on j)a" ~~ 1 9 ,

parag ra ph 3A (a)( i ) .

Then i tem ( 3 ) i ~; pa~e 20 , para7r~ph 3 i1 ( a )(ii >.

Ite~ ( 4 ) i s Pdg ~ 20 , ~aragra ~n 3D ( a )( iii ) .

It e r"; (5) - page 20 , p aragraph 3B ( a){i i i ) an d (v) .

Then Item ( 6 ) is Da ";E 20 , paragr aph 3fHa)(ix) .

:-':y Lord , coul d I e,1!ain po i n t sOlJ'le t h ing ou t t o Your

Lord shi p , i n connection with a n ame Your Lordship wil l C Oi~0.

acros s . In that oarae raph one see s t !1e r.am~ o f i1a shaba . H;.;

was ;Io . 7 in the o l d indictmen t a nd i s no lo nJ2; er a n ~cCU S G d .

His name a ppears fro m t i:;:,e to time .

The n item (7) is in the old i~d~ ctment pa~e 20 , nar2 -

~raph 3B Ca ) (x).

I t em ( 8) is para~raph 3B ( a )( xvi) a t parre 21 .

1 0

T!1 .,:m ( c) and (d) a t the fo o t of t he page , are incoq:,0 r a t e d

!)y !"' :~ fer.:.. n cc .

So a r e t :le firs t t wo i t l~ms a t t h e t op o f pa'Ie 29 .

Pa r ar raph (c) - Ac cu sed Ho . t o l d Hohal e tha t s h,~ v70uld

fi Gh t in th ..; front line - t h e t is r.,d f"E: 40 in 'the old ind i ct­

me nt , rar a f r a""l h 21 ( e ) , ~'lOrd f or word .

Then ( d ), t h i s in c i dent on t he 1 8th J une , 1 9G8 , at h e r

office - we can ' t t race it and it s ee ms t o be a ne w

,:lle r a t ior . .

Thep. in c o nnection with t h i s accuse d , t h-: r e i s a n

aDc ndmen t which i s a t p a ge 92 of the pape r s . Your Lo r ds h ip

20

will se o;! tha t the r e is a s peech whi ch ''''as nad e 8 y~ ars ato , 30

o n t h e 26th Augu s t , 1962 , at a conferen c ..? of t h e Tra ns vC".:, l

Indian Youth Cong ress in Johannes burc: . Nv Lord , that i s ) n CH

a ll G; ·' n tio n/ •••

- 1 ,0 -

a l legation in thi s indi ctment .

No W' Ny Lo r d , th a t conc l udes th cl t a ccu s e d who had c.

(;' r ea t number of a llegat ion s a rains t he r name .

ThE. n e x t" :is Accused No . 5 , Mah l a ul e , vJ ho T..JCS ,\r;cuS t;-u

No . 4 i n t he l as t case . Aga i ns t hi s na~e •• , unJ~r hi ;::: .'1a:'E

thL.re a re 40 a llegations , oaa ch on e of wh i c h i s t o h e fOllnc'.

in the fi rs t i nd ictnent .

I f I can s t a rt on page 30 , fortu nat e ly most of t ' .esc

a r c i nco r por ated by r efe r enc e - item (b) , that i5 t!le ;;Jc c o:ld

item on the pa~e , th~t nee ting i s in the fir s t indict~ent , 10

paCe 24 , meetinr No . 22 .

Item (c) is page 25 of t he fi r st ind ictment - mee t i l1 l"r

No . 26 .

Iterr ( d ) i s page 26 of the f i r s t ind i ctment - me·~tiT' ··

No . 34 , tha t is t he meeting in a ca r .

Then i t is a ll incorporat ed by re f e r e nce until hie corr:c

t o 8 (ix) item ( c ) - t h a t i s t hree items fro m t he foo t of t he

?a~e - abo ut Accused No . 5 describin ~ t o Sikosana how t o

J:la]rt;: bo:nb s . He re th e r e ference t o the old i nd i c t me nt is

p:1!]'e 4 0 , paraeraph 21 ( d ) . I s hould ar.d My Lor d , tha t t he 20

d a t e is added he r e - it i s wor d f or Hord the same e XcEpt t hat

t he da t e , 9 . 1 . 69 . i s put i n here , wher~ as i n t he f irs t ind i c t ­

".len t t he r e i s no date .

At t he top of t he ne xt pa ~e , i t em (b ) - pa;e 26 , t hat i s

-3 1 50 t he 5ai\e mee ting in the car, pa e e 26 o f t he o l d indi c t J'le nt ,

mee tl.ng No . 34 .

Th e n IH x i ) deal s with hi s me mbe r sh ip . Th a t i s a l so in

the o l d indic t me nt at pa p;e 1 8 , pa r ag raph C(1 ) , membe r ship of

the Sowe to grou p , but C!:!,!a i n hi s membe r s hip he r e i s p r e - da t ed .

BY THE COURT : Hh i ch o n e are you r e f e rring to? O( xi) ? 30

11R . KEaTRIDGE : No, s o r r'Y My Lo r d , a t pae~ 31 of the rre s ent

indictment , B( xiii )( a ) (1) .

BY I ••.

- 1 5 1 -

9Y T:f£ COURT: ~~hat is t h ~: corres :lo nd ing r eferf:!r':.c (; ?

i'iK . KENTRI D8E: Page 1 8 , par agraph C{ 1) . I was d']din Dc, int Ln:!.

01; t Hy Lor-d , tha t the dat e is ea.rlie r he r e .

The next a l l e r:a tion i s (c)(2) - In November , 1 ~1 68 , Rt

t i le house of Accused No . 2 he a dministered t he o:1"th . Th i-: t i5

~age 19 0: the old ind i c tme nt , paragr aph 2 ( iv ) .

;~ o . 3 - pare 19 , par~~!" a. ph 2{v i i ) .

And th~ n ( d ) (2) - th~ Dis ciplina ry Commit t ee - page 19 ,

para~l~aph 18 ( a) ( v ) .

And e ve r ythinr e lse is i ncorpor ated by r eference . 10

The ne y.t , Accused No . 6 , Shabangu , was Accused ;Jo . 5 in

the first ind.ictment . Your Lordsh i~ will find there a r e 22

a lle,!ations aca i n st hi"1 , ~l l of which \o.lere i ncl uded in t l l€ first

i ;-d ictment . Host of th em a r e incor por a t ed b v referenc~ .

The t h ird iter. on paRe 32 , that i s IH i y.J , t ha t is in

t"1 a first i nd i c t me nt , ?d l':e 40 , p~:t' ''!r. rarh 21( h ) .

Then S (xii i ) - h i s me mber shi p . AIJain 11y Lord , firs t

in dic t~ent pa~e 18 , p~ra~raph C(1) a n d a~a i n it is pre- dated .

Then the n e xt items are incorpora t ed by refer e nct:: until

we ge t t o IH xv) ( b ) - t he on;? s t a rting - "In N()vemb~ r 1 968 20

Accused Nos . 4 and 6 told Accu sed Nos . 3 , 4 , 6 , 'J , e t c . II

Tha t i s o n page 22 of t h e o l d indictme nt , it is l!l€c t i n r; No . 2 .

( c ) at the foot of pa .... e 32 i s pa ge 23 of t he o l d indict ­

me nt ) mee t i n p" No. 10 .

The next one , Accu sed No . 7 , J oyce Sikakane , an acc\Jse j

in t he o l d ind i c t ment under Uo . 6 . My Lord , the re are 60

al l egatIons a~ains t t h i s ac~ u sed , 59 of whi ch ap~ear in t !lC

o l d ind ictment and one of Vlhich is n eH .

Ny Lor d , th ey s t a rt on pa~e 33 , a nd it is i t el! (b) , ar.C

that mee ting i s i n the 0 1 0 ind i c tme nt , oa :' e 24, :b . 19 , 30

a bout rece ivin~ mi l itary trni n inp. i n Tan zani 2 .

Item ( c ) i s page 24 of th ~ o l d indict r'H~ nt , me ,,: t in ""- No . 20 .

tlS / •••

- 1 52 -

As far as we can make out , pararraph ( d) i s t he sa~e

meeting a t page 24 , mee ting No . 20 . Thes e word s - "she said

sh e kne tv someone Hho coul d train th e:.1 . "

( e ) - procurinp, pe rsons t o lea ve t he Republic fo r

traininE in Tanzania , is ~dge 40, pa ragraph 20 ( e ) .

The n B( iii )( b ) - the on(:. s t arting "In t he l a tter h e lf

o f 1968 • •• " That i s page 25 , n:eet ing No . 30 .

Then B(v ) , about broadcas t s from Tanzania , i s !Jage 38 ,

par a?, raph 17 ( b )'

The n S (vi)(a) - in the o l d indictme nt it is page 37 , 10

paragraph 13(e ).

Then the l as t item on pa~e 33 , that ~s item ( c ), i s a l so

on .oage 37 t and it i s par agraph 13( i) .

Ptl..rt? 34 , ite!'1 ( d ) - in t he first indic tme nt it is pap'e 24,

mee t i nrr lI.Jo . 23 .

(e) is in the fi r s t i n d ictment at pape 37 , it is

pa r aJI 'dnh 1 3 ( g ).

Then B(vii )( a ) i s incorpor a t ed by refer e nce .

Iteo ( b ) i s page 31, paragraph 9( a )(vi)~

I t em (c) is pare 31, paragraph 9 ( a ) (vi ii) .

Iterr. ( d ) i s page 31, paragr aph 9 ( a )(ix ) .

Item ( e ) is page 39 , paragr aph 19 ( d ) .

Then on paz e 35 , ( a ) is i ncornorated by reference .

And ( b ) i s to be f ound c n page 27 , paragraph 7(f ) .

The ne xt three items are incorpora ted by reference .

B(ix)(b) - s t arting , "In ,J une , 19 68 , in the house of

Accused No . 7 •• ", that is page 23 of the o l d indictme nt ,

mee "ring No . 15 .

Item ( e ) is pa.ce 23 of the o l d ind ic t J!lent , me ,~ t:in '; No .

Ite J"!'l ( d ) is page 23 o f the o l a i ndictme nt , rnee t i nr No .

Then i;( xi)( a ) - that mee t i ng 1n the c l d indictment is

page 24 . meetine No . 2 1 •

The/ •• •

20

1 " , ,

1 il:

- 1 53 -

The l a st i t e m on page 25 , item ( b ) - o f t he r~es 6 ~t

inc!ict men t - i s pa;J; € 24, me e t in?: No . 21;' .

Then on pa~e 36 , S ( x ii ) Ca ) i s inc orpor aTed by r e f 03 r ence . .

a (xii ) ( b ) , t h a t me e ting i s in the o l d i nd i c t ment at

page 23 , a nd it is meeti n~ No . 1 6 . The o ne a~out sett inr

t he car of So mane a l i ght .

The n tHxiii )( a ) - memb e rshi p o f the A. N. C. a ga. i n . It is

:;ao?;e 18 , paragra ph C( 1) o f t he cld i nd i c t ment , ap'ain with t he

di ff e rence in d a t e s .

NOH the ne xt My Lord , i s B(xi i i) ( b )( 2 ) , r eci.di n,g - "In 10

Jun e , 19 68 , she r e cI'ai t e d Acct.: .se d No s . 1 0 , etc . " ThC! t i s i n

t:he o l d i ncic t ment" at page 20 , pa rap.r a ph 3 ( a ) ( ii i ) .

The n i t e rn !Jo . ( 4) - In J une 1 9 68 Accused .~lo . a s ke d

S i ko sa!16 t o r e crui t n e w me mbe r s - tha t in t h e o ld inc! i ctT!,e n ;:

is 3 ( b ) ( v i) ,

I t e m No . ( S) i s pag e 20 , 3 ( b) (vi i ) .

And i t e~ ( d ) ( 2) , t he se con d frem t he bottom o f Lhe

pa~e , i s i n t he c l e i n d i c t ment , pag e 19 , pa ra~ rarh 1 B ( ~ )( i i ) .

And it e m ( d )( 3 ) ,.;h ich is the l a s t item o n r-d O' e 36 , i :3

in the f irst in dic tm~ nt , pape 18 , parap r a ph ( e )( 1ii) . 20

At t he t op o f ~a~ e 37 , i t em ( 4 ) - about t he ra i 5in ~ 0

f ina n c e - that i s i n th ~ o l d i ndi e t me nt , pa?€ 34 , i t E: !;, ( xi ) .

l'nen the ne xt ite m o n th a t par:e i s 13 ( xv ) ( e ) - a bou "'.:

o vert h r ow i n g the "\>7h ite l1 go ve rnment - tha t i s pa"" e 39 0: t t'e

c l d i ndic t roe nt , p~ra r.raph 19 ( e) .

Then ( d ) r e l a te s t o a mee t i ng ~n J une , 1 96 8 , a nd o n pr.~e

23 , flee t ing No . 1 8 . Th i s appe a r s t o be the s a me rrtee t in0' s ~a "'e

23 , meeti nf No . 18 . Yo ur Lordship , .... i ll see the: '.vor d i :1:· i s a

l it t l e dif f e r e nL .

'f h ( ) . t h ' f d . J f ' ', ' 3' . en e 1. S e rr.e e t~nv re e rre t o 1.T'! 1: 1e _lr 3t ~ n Cl lc 1: -

,A.n d ( f ) i s in t he o l d i n d ictmen t a t f'a~e 25 , "1~e t. i nr ?·lo . 32 .

I t o l d / " ,

- 1 54 -

I t ol d Your Lords h i p t h a t the r e was o ne n e w all ef a t i ~n

about t h i s accused , but I di dn ' t po i nt o u t t o Yo ur Lordship

wha t it i s . I t is on pa ge 33 of t he new i n di ct~en t . ~our

Lordsh i p sees B( i i )( [ ) - " See Accused No . 3 , pa ra~r~ph

:, . ( ii )( b ). " tlel l , un der Acc used No . 3 i t was a n eltl

alle~ at ion , s o i t a l so co unts as a ne w al l e cation ior t his

a c cused .

NOH Hy Lord , I have fi ni shed Ac c used No . 7 and! no''''!

come t o Ac cused No . 8 . This i s at page 38 , i t is Accu s£(.'

t io . 8 , L. Nd z an ;:e , an d i n t he l as t • •. !1y Lo r d , t he name 10

s~ o ul cl r e ally be Nd z ang a , I am t o l d . At al l e ve n ts , thi s

s a me acc used was a l so Ac cused No . 8 i n t he fir s t tri a l .

I n the case of t h i s accus e d he re t here are 32 al l e z a t ion s

a gain s t h i ;!! , a ll o f wh i ch appear ed in t he fi r s t in dic t Ment .

The fi r s t four are i n corpor a t ed by r efe r e n c e , until '~le

ge t to B.( ix )( a ) - " On 21. 4 . 1969 ne a r the ho us e o f Ac cusec

No . 14 • •• " Th a t i s in t he f i r s t indictme nt on pa )"" e 26 ,

mee t ing No . 34, t ha t i s the mee ting i n the c ar .

Then B( xi i i ) ( a ) (1) i s t o be fo und in the o l d in dict]Te!r~

a t page 1 8 , par a gr a ph C(1) . 20

Th e n t here i s item ( b )( 2) - " I n t he mi ddl e ,:)f 1£6 13

Acc used No . 8 we nt t o Por t Elizabe th t o recrui t membe!":3 : (' 1"

t he ANC. II Tha t By Lo r d i s in the fir s t i n di c t men t a t Dar e 2Ll ~

pa r a gra ph 3B( a )( ii i ).

No . (3 ) h a s the Same r efe r ence - par:e 20 , parur; r aph

3B Ca ) ( i i i ) a n d ( vi i i ) , t h e.t is Cradock as wel l as Port

El i z a be t h .

Then we go ove r t o t h e ne xt page , pClg e 39 , the f irs t

item t he r e a bo u t the Di sc i p l i nary ComT"' i ttee .i s i n t he o l e.:

i n d ic t ment at page 19 , par a [!. r aph 1 B( a )( v ). 30

And the n ite m ( 4 ), t he r e f e r e nce i s t o pa rr e 34 of t he

o l d i nd i c t men t , paragr aph 1 1.

Then/ •••

- 1 55 _

rhen No . ( 5 ) about the Organising COlTlnittee , I I"E::fe r Your

Lordship to page 19 , paragraph 2(a)(ii) . In this c as e YCI.T

Lordshi p Hil l note that th e al l ee-ation s are not nre c isBl 'j

the same b u t the occaSlon seems to be t he sawe .

And then on page 39 , the second last item , ( b ) - Aupus t,

196 8 - that is o n pa?e 29 of the old in f ictment, rara~ T'a l ' l l

8 ( a) ( vii ), wh ich r efers to the sal'!le report of the A. N. C.

Confe r ence . My Lord, th~ re may be another reference t o thi s

als o . I am sorry My Lord , I shou l d give an addi ti.:- :1 d.l

reference . Al so at page 29 , paraf raph 8 ( d) ( v) . 3ut i n t h i s 10

c onn ection there 15 also sOiJlethine to whi ch I wan t to dra l.']

Your Lorcsh ip' s attention . I t says - " Accused No . 8 h a n ded

f1ancoko a copy of the r eport ••• " at na,7e 39 , the s econ d l a s t

item of the presenT indictment . Ma.ncoko was Accused No . 21 in

the first indictment , so ltJ'h e n he <,~ r ... pcar5 in t he first incl.icT-

ment he is call~d No . 21 .

Then Hy Lord , at pa,'3e 40 ~ve have Accused No . 9 - very

short - a ll incorporated by reference , exee!"t for her mef!'ber-

ship of the A. N. C., and there dp.din as f a r as t h at is con-

eerned , it is the old i ndictment, pa~e 1 8 , pararraph C.1. 20

i'ly Lord , her name I understand, i s also spent iJdzan ?- d , not

"ldsange , the ~<Ji fe of the previous ac cused .

Therl we come to page 41, Accused No . 10 , J oseph Z~.:-, 2 )_. ::. l a .

He is Accused No . 10 in both indictments .

Ny Lord , I should say with r oeard to Accused ;,10 . 9 -

I didr. ' t g ive Your Lordship the fi gures - there. \,'ere 1 8

alleg ations a~ ainst her, all of which ap~ear In the f i rs t

indictmen t .

:.'lhen He come t o Accus e d No . 10, Jose ph ZikalalA. , the r s

a re 4 3 alle~ations again3t him , all of Hhich a re in the o l d 30

indi.-::tment . Ky Lord, if I COUld de a l with pC!r:,e 41 . Th e first

ite ms are incorporate d by refe r ence , until we CO!lle to ( e ) .

OrJ ••.

- 1 56 -

On page 41 , item ( e ) , the fi&th iteM froi the top . TD

tho old indictment it is page 25 , meeting No . 30 .

Item ( f) i s also Dage 25 , JTleeting ~J o • 3 1 •

Then we come down the page t o B(vi) ( 0 ) - about t ili <~

notebook . That in the o l d indictme nt i s pa[,e 37 , rara8 '1"' ~: 11

1 3 ( m) •

The n a t the foot of the page , the advocacy o f

communist theory , itef!'1 ( a ) at the foot of t he page about

lecturing , i s page 31 , paragraph 9(a) ( vii). But I should

po int out to Your Lordship in tha t conn e ction that the 1 ~

n umbe r s o f t ho se who were pre sent do not t a lly . So Your

Lordsh ip mi ght mark tha t one wiLh a que ry .

Then page 42 , at t he top of the paP:€ , th a t is ~n t he

o l d indi c t~ent at pa~e 40 , para~raph 21(i) .

Then B( viii )( a ), a bout t his S . A.I. C. !,~mrhl .;; t "Free~oi

Fi ghter~ on the March", that is in t he o l d in d ictmen t at

~age 27 , paragraph 7( c ).

Item ( b ) is also CO. t page "27 , parae r aph 7( e ).

Item ( c ) i s Dare 2 8 , paragra ph 7 ( g ).

Then ~y Lord , on page 43 , the first four iteMs are 20

incorporated by r e f e r ence . Then He cOlTle to B(xii) ( il ) - the

Diepkl oo f rJ1ee ti n~ . In t he o l d indi c t ment t hat i s page 25 ,

mee tinr No . 25, abou t buroinr the " ~overnmen t - owneci" c ar c f

SO Mane .

Th e n B( xiii ) (a) - old indictI!1~nt , pa r2!? r a ph 1 ( c)(i) ,

page 18. As fa r as this is concerned t.~y Lord , t hB da t e :i. :

un c h a n ge d . Your Lordshi p sees thi s accused is on ly a lleped

to ha ve be come a member i n 1968 .

Then My Lord , two items below , B(xiii)( b ) ( 3) - " DuY'in p

"'1ay- J une , 1 968 , Accused No . 10 founded a youth c lub a t Di c p- 3 l)

kloof •• • " That is pqge 20 , ite~ 3 ( a )(ii) in the ol ·J indictme n t .

Noto· My Lord, that i s the en c o f that accused , a nrl a l Lho ur h

i t I •••

- 1 57 -

it i s on ly 12 . 55 t U loJond..3r' Ir1hether it coulC! be convenient

t o t ake the afjjournl!e rl t no,<] .

COURT AD,)OURNS AT 1 2 . 55 F . M.

COURT RES UMES AT 2 . 1 5 P . 11 .

HR . KLNTRIDGE CONTIl-IUES ADLJRESSING THE COURT : hy Lor d , I a~

at page 4 4 - ACCU3~d No . 11 , Da v id Tsotetsi . In t he first

case he was also Accused No . 11 . The r.e are 32 a llep-3-.: i on:.;

agains t hi~ , none of which i s new .

~\y Lord , in th '~ n~,·: indictment all the alle,£1ations a"rai nst

h i m 3. r e i ncorporat ed bV r e f e rence t o 0 ther accused , exce p t 10

for his !!.1e mbe rshi n of the A . N . C. which i s to be fo und a.t the

foot of pa~e 44 . In th~ fi r s t indictnen t it is on pa ~e 18 ,

pa ra~ra~h ( c) ( ii ), and in t h i s C2se th e da t e of frlemb e rshi p

of 196 8 r er.ains t he same in both in dictments .

Then My Lord , Accused No . 12 , Georq:a f"!Ok~'.' C bo , on par ~

46 . de was Accused No . 1 3 i n the fi r s t indict ment . Th:~ :r E:

a re a l so 32 a llega tions dga i n st h i ll' a n d these dre i denlic ;:!. l

to t he 32 in t he first l ndic t men t , and here too i n "': ;1C= indict-

me;"}t all the alleg;a ti c n s against him a re SE.t out by re f erence

to o the rs , except for h i s mei"Wer ship at the top of pnf,e 1.;7 , ~ (J

\..Jhert=! Your Lordship will see tha t he re too hi .:; me,::.bershi r i s

only fro ~, 196 8 as it was i>1 the fi r s t indictr.'"!.ent t and t he

r eference t () the f i rst indictmen t is par-e 1 8 , par ap-rdl)h ( c ) ( ii : .

Then Accused No . 1 3 t lJ . C. Nobanda. I n the f irs t inn ict -

ment he ,,;as Accused No . 1 4- . There a re 22 alle""a tions a~a inst

h.i.l~, and they a r e all to be found in the first ir.dictrlent .

They a r e also incorporated by r efe r ence , apart from. his

mePlb 8 rship o f the African Na'ti onal Con <; r es3 , t.Jhich i s at t i1e

foot of page 48 , a nd there t oo My Lord , i~ is c0~ f i nad t o

19 68 or.w2.l"d s ) and the correDor.dinf r eference in -:he f irs t 30

i n dic tment is page 1 8 , par agraph ( c )(ii) .

l1y Lor d , Accu sed No . 14 is o n pC'€"e SO, he lS S~l!",ue l

P!lOlo tho / •••

Collection Number: AD1901 SOUTH AFRICAN INSTITUTE OF RACE RELATIONS, Security trials Court Records 1958-1978 PUBLISHER: Publisher:- Historical Papers, University of the Witwatersrand Location:- Johannesburg ©2012

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