beginning android
DESCRIPTION
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Pegantar AndroidMinggu ke-3
Delivered By: Nur Fatih
Outline: Overview Android Project Components Contoh Project Android Menjalankan Project Android
Android is an open mobile phone platform that was developed by Google and later by Open Handset Alliance. Google defines Android as a "software stack" for mobile phones.
Software stack is made up of operating system(the platform on which everything runs), the middleware (the programming that allows applications to talk to a network and to one another) and the applications (the actual programs that phone will run)
WHAT IS ANDROID?
ANDROID SOFTWARE STACK ARCHITECTURE
July 2005 - Google Inc. bought from Danger Inc.
Open Handset Alliance was formed headed by Google which is composed of companies like Intel, T-Mobile, Spring Nextel and more.
In 2008, Android became available as an open source and ASOP(Android Open Source Project) is responsible for maintaining and development of android.
February 2009, the first android version was released, Android 1.1. for Mobile G1.
BRIEF HISTORY
Android 1.1 Android 1.5 Cupcake Android 1.6 Donut Android 2.0/2.1 Eclair Android 2.2.x Froyo Android 2.3.x Gingerbread Android 3. x Honeycomb Android 4.0.x Ice Cream Sandwich Android 4.1 Jelly Bean
ANDROID VERSIONS
ANDROID VERSION MARKET SHARE
Note: When developing an application, consider the market share of the android version. The higher the market share, the higher number your target market is.
WHAT WILL YOU NEED?
•Computer running Windows, Linux, or Mac OS X
•Java SDK
•Google Android SDK
•Integrated Development Environment (IDE)
Note: Based on my development experience, ADT can run on at least Dual Core with at least 2GB RAM.
APPLICATION COMPONENTS Activity
• Present a visual user interface for one focused endeavor the user can undertake
• Example: a list of menu items users can choose from Services
• Run in the background for an indefinite period of time• Example: calculate and provide the result to activities that need it
Broadcast
Receivers• Receive and react to broadcast announcements• Example: announcements that the time zone has changed
Content
Providers• Store and retrieve data and make it accessible to all applications • Example: Android ships with a number of content providers for
common Intents
• Hold the content of a message• Example: convey a request for an activity to present an image to the
user or let the user edit some text
ACTIVITY CYCLE
INSIDE AN ACTIVITY
public class CCSActivity extends Activity{ @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.main); }}
Run in the background Can continue even if Activity that started it dies Should be used if something needs to be done while
the user is not interacting with application Otherwise, a thread is probably more applicable
Should create a new thread in the service to do work in, since the service runs in the main thread
Can be bound to an application In which case will terminate when all applications
bound to it unbind Allows multiple applications to communicate with it
via a common interface Needs to be declared in manifest file Like Activities, has a structured life cycle
SERVICES
SERVICESCYCLE
PROJECT COMPONENTS
SRC• The project source code
GEN• Auto generated code• Example: R.java
Included libraries
Resources• Drawables• Layout• Values like strings
Manifest File• A must have xml file. Contains essential information
about the system to the android system
PROJECT COMPONENT ON ECLIPSE
Auto-generated: YOUR SHOULD’NT EDIT IT! Contains IDs of the project resources Enforces good software engineering Use findViewById and Resources object to
get access to the resources Ex. Button b =
(Button)findViewById(R.id.button1) Ex. getResources().getString(R.string.hello));
R CLASS
R.JAVA CLASS
DRAWABLES
Eclipse has a great UI creator Generates the XML for you
Composed of View objects Can be specified for portrait and
landscape mode Use same file name, so can make
completely different UIs for the orientations without modifying any code
LAYOUTS
LAYOUTS - CONTINUATION
LAYOUTS - CONTINUATION
LAYOUT SAMPLE<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="fill_parent" android:orientation="vertical" >
<TextView android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="@string/hello" android:id="@+id/tv_hello"/> <TextView android:id="@+id/textView1" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="Large Text“android:textAppearance="?android:attr/textAppearanceLarge"/>
</LinearLayout>
res/values/string.xml
MANIFEST FILE
INTENTS1. Lunching a new activity without expecting without expecting a result
2. Lunching a new activity and expecting a result when it finished.
CalledActivity.class
On Eclipse IDE. Go To File > New > Project > Android Project
See image at the side for the prompt that appear. Click next button.
SAMPLE PROJECT
SAMPLE PROJECT Select android version.
Tip: select the latest OS version available. You can add minimum and target SDK on your manifest file to support earlier android versions.
SAMPLE PROJECT Provide package name of
your project. Valid package name consist of two names separated by a period.
SAMPLE PROJECT Provide package name of
your project. Valid package name consist of two names separated by a period.
Optional: Change minimum SDK for the lowest android version your application will support.
Hit on finish
SAMPLE PROJECT - LAYOUT Under res/layout on your
project explorer. Open main.xml. Create a layout like this:
In main.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="fill_parent" android:orientation="vertical" >
<TextView android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="@string/hello" />
<LinearLayout android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" >
<Button android:id="@+id/button1" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="@string/button1" />
<Button android:id="@+id/button2" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="Button 2" />
<Button android:id="@+id/button3" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="Button 3" />
</LinearLayout>
<EditText android:id="@+id/editText1" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:ems="10" >
<requestFocus /> </EditText>
</LinearLayout>
SAMPLE PROJECT - VALUES Under res/values on your
project explorer. Open strings.xml.
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><resources>
<string name="hello">Hello World, SampleProjectActivity!</string> <string name="app_name">SampleProject</string> <string name="button1">Button 1 Clicked.</string>
</resources>
NOTE: string with name button1 is being referenced by Button 1 android:text property. See main.xml in your layout.
SAMPLE PROJECT - SOURCE Under SRC on your project
explorer. Open SampleProjectActivity.java. Change code to this:
See comments for better understand.
import android.app.Activity;import android.content.Intent;import android.os.Bundle;import android.view.View;import android.view.View.OnClickListener;import android.widget.Button;import android.widget.EditText;import android.widget.Toast;
public class SampleProjectActivity extends Activity implements OnClickListener{ /** Called when the activity is first created. */ @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.main); Toast.makeText(this, "Hello.", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show(); //referencing components in our layout as set in setContentView, - main.xml //findViewById is used hence we components in our layout will be called //through their ids as set in android:id properties. See main.xml in your layout. Button btn1 = (Button)findViewById(R.id.button1); //one way in handling click event btn1.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View v) { //Toast is a prompt that will notify user of what has happened in the application //but not requiring user an action. Toast.makeText(getApplication(), "Button 1 Clicked", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show(); } }); Button btn2 = (Button)findViewById(R.id.button2); Button btn3 = (Button)findViewById(R.id.button3); //Other way of handling event inside an activity btn2.setOnClickListener(this); btn3.setOnClickListener(this); }
@Override public void onClick(View v) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub switch(v.getId()) { case R.id.button2: EditText editText = (EditText)findViewById(R.id.editText1); editText.setText("Button 2 Clicked!"); break; case R.id.button3: // Intent with out waiting for result. // This is creating a new view and passing the new controll to the next view. Intent intent = new Intent(this, NextActivity.class); startActivity(intent); break; } }}
SAMPLE PROJECT - SOURCE Create NextActivity.java Right click SRC folder >
New > Class. Change code to this:
import android.app.Activity;import android.os.Bundle;import android.widget.Button;import android.widget.TextView;
public class NextActivity extends Activity{ @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); // you can have a new layout. but for this example // we will be reusing the main.xml as our layout. // we will just manipulate the text to inform user that //a new activity has been created. setContentView(R.layout.main); // setTitle - change the title of the next view setTitle("Next Activity"); //setting page title TextView pageTitle = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.pagetitle); pageTitle.setText("Hello, You are now in the Next Activity Class."); Button btn1 = (Button)findViewById(R.id.button1); btn1.setText("Option 1"); Button btn2 = (Button)findViewById(R.id.button2); btn2.setText("Option 2"); Button btn3 = (Button)findViewById(R.id.button3); btn3.setText("Option 3"); }
}
SAMPLE PROJECT – MANIFEST FILE
Open Manifest.xml in your project explorer.
Register NextActivity class to your project.
Your new manifest file must look like the code at the side.
Save all the changes
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" package="com.sample" android:versionCode="1" android:versionName="1.0" >
<uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="8" android:targetSdkVersion="15"/> <application android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher" android:label="@string/app_name" > <activity android:name=".SampleBradActivity" android:label="@string/app_name" > <intent-filter> <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" /> </intent-filter> </activity> <activity android:name=".NextActivity" android:label="@string/app_name" /> </application>
</manifest>
SAMPLE PROJECT – RUN YOUR ANDROID APPLICATION Right click your project name in your project explorer >
RUN AS > ANDROID APPLICATION. Emulator will boot up. Wait until home screen is shown. Your application will be displayed on the screen. You can now enjoy the application.
Congratulations!!!
Slides by Joemarie Comeros Amparo Installation: http://developershaven.net Google API:
http://mfarhan133.wordpress.com/2010/10/01/generate-google-maps-api-key-for-android/
Android Developer’s Website : http://developer.android.com/index.html
Numerous Forums & other developer sites, including: http://www.javacodegeeks.com/2011/02/android-google-maps-tuto
rial.html http://efreedom.com/Question/1-6070968/Google-Maps-Api-Directi
ons http://stackoverflow.com http://www.anddev.org/google_driving_directions_-_mapview_overl
ayed-t826.html
REFERENSI
XML Layout Android User Interface Droid draw
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