beginning piano for the classroom

Beginning Piano For the Classroom

Lou Warde

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Platso Music Copyright © 2020, Platso Music

International Copyright Secured All Rights Reserved

4th Edition

3

Table of Contents 5-Finger Position…………….……………….……............................................. 4 Reading Music………….………………………….….......................................... 5 Right Hand Review Worksheet………….…...…………...................................... 6 Rhythm……………………..…….………………................................................ 7 Left Hand worksheet………….…...……………………...................................... 8 Half Notes and Whole Notes..........................................…………….…………. 9 Reading in the Grand Staff……………...…………….….................................... 10 Playing Two Hands Together…………….…...………….................................... 11 Dotted Half Notes…………….…………………................................................ 13 Eighth Notes……….............................................................................................. 14 Chords, Ties....................................................................................……………… 15 5-Finger Positon in G……………………....……………………...…………….. 16 A Little Jig, Dolce................................................................................................. 17 Chord Symbols………….…...………………….………...................................... 18 The Octave Sign.................................................................................................... 19 Moving Away From 5-Finger Positions, Little Scherzo.............……………....... 20 The Major and Minor Chord..................…………………...…………………… 21 Three Days in November……………………………...….................................... 22 Let It Be..............................................……………..………………………...….. 23 Accidentals, Study.………...........................................……....…………………. 24 Key Signatures......………........................................………………………..….. 25 6/8 Time Signatures (2 Etudes) ............................................................................. 26 On Yonder Rock Reclining, Romance................................................................... 27 The Scientist.......................................................................................................... 28 Left-and Build-up (Study)………………………………………………………………. 29 Dotted Quarter Notes and Dotted Eighth Notes.................................................... 30 Für Elise................................................................................................................. 31 My Immortal........................................................................................................... 32 Musette……………………………………………………………………………………. 33 16th Notes, Tambourin………………………………………………………………….. 34 The Entertainer…………………………………………………………………………... 35

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5-Finger Position

1 = Thumb2 = Index Finger3 = Middle Finger4 = Ring Finger5 = Pinkie

5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5

Left Hand Right Hand

"Middle C"

In music, we identify notes by letter names: A B C D E F G. Each white key on the piano is assigned to one of these seven notes and these notes are repeated all the way up the keyboard. (see keyboard below)

To help you learn the notes on the keyboard quickly, we will begin playing the piano in 5-finger position. This means that both hands stay in one position, each finger being assigned to only one note. For instance, in the right hand, the thumb (1) plays only C; the index finger (2) plays only D, and so on. (see below.)

In piano music, you will often see numbers next to notes. These numbers represent the fingers of the hand, telling you to use that particular finger when playing that note:

Finger Numbers

Introduction

The Music Alphabet

Since there are many C's – G's on the piano, ou may be wondering, "How do you know which C to play in the right and left hand?" In 5-finger position,–the thumb in the right hand will play "Middle C", which is the C right in the middle of the keyboard, if you are playing on a full-sized keyboard, which has 88 keys. Most of the keyboards you will be playing have only around 66 keys. Therefore, middle C on these keyboards is not exactly in the center. Your teacher will help you locate where middle C is.

Notice that the black keys on the piano keyboard are grouped in sets of two's and three's. These groupingsallow us to quickly locate the white-key notes. For instance, the note C is always the white key before the two black keys. D is always the white key in between the two black keys, etc. (see below)

Use the ring finger when playing this note.

pinky ring middle index thumb thumb index middle ring pinky

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F

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w w w w w w w w w wA B C D E F G A B C

Middle C

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Right-Hand

Left-Hand

Reading Music5

This is a staff

We place notes in the spaces and on the lines in the staff.

In piano music, we read two staffs (or staves) at the same time. The top staff, played by the right hand, hashigher-sounding notes, and the bottom staff, played by the left hand, contains lower-sounding notes. The notes are different on these two staves, so a clef, placed in front of each staff, identifies the notes we're reading in that staff. Clefs are simply large letters that identify one pitch (note) on that particular staff.

This is called a G Clef. It surrounds the line that the note, G, sits on. It's also called a treble clef because its staff contains high-sounding notes.

The clef evolved to looklike this – a "fancy" G.

This is an F Clef. It surrounds the line that the note, F, sits on. It's also called the bass clef because it contains low-sounding notes.

Since piano music is written on two staves, it's called a Grand Staff. Again, the right hand plays the notesin the treble staff because the higher notes are on the right side of the piano keyboard, and the left hand plays the notes in the bass staff, since the lower notes are on the left side of the piano keyboard.

Notice below how the notes from the bass staff connects with the notes in the treble. The C in between both staves is called Middle C. It is also the C right in the middle of the full-sized keyboard, which has 88 keys.

The clef evolved to looklike this – a "fancy" F.

The Grand Staff

Each note on the staff correlates to a key on the piano keyboard. Here are the notes in 5-finger position:

As already mentioned, you will be reading music on both staves. The right hand will play the notes in thetreble staff, and the left hand will play the notes in the bass staff. The reason for this is simple: The higher notes are on the right side of the keyboard, where the right hand will be, and the lower notes are on the left side, where the left hand will be.

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6

Review WorksheetA. Write the letter name of the marked keys.

B. Write the letter name of the note in the staff. Note that all notes are in treble clef.

D. Draw the indicated note inside the staff. (Draw hollowed-shaped notes as in exercise C above)

1. ____ 2. ____ 3. ____ 4. ____ 5. ____

6. ____ 7. ____ 8. ____ 9. ____ 10. ____

C. Place an X on the corresponding piano key below the staff. (See A above)

16. F 17. D 18. G 19. C 20. E

11. 12. 13. 14. 15.

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Bar or Measure

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RhythmRecognizing notes on the staff is only half the challenge when learning to read music. Knowing when to play the notes and knowing how long they last is equally important. This part of music reading is called rhythm.

The key to understanding rhythm is to know that music is always played to a beat. Beats are markers in time. Those markers tell us exactly when to strike a note and how long to let it ring. A note may last for one beat, four beats, a half a beat, or any other division of a beat. But there must be a beat as a point of reference so that we know exactly when and how long to hold notes. As you play, always be aware of the beat.

Music is organized into groups of beats. Beats can be grouped into any number, but the most common is four. To the right is a Time Signature. The top number tells you that the music is orgnaized into groups of 4 beats. These groups of beats are called bars or measures.

This is a quarter note. It lasts for 1 beat.

In music, silence is called rest. This is called a quarter rest. It means silence for 1 beat.

Beats: 1 2 3 4

Below are six rhythm exercises using quarter notes and quarter rests. Each exercise is 4 measures long.

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8

Review WorksheetA. Write the letter name of the marked keys.

B. Write the letter name of the note in the staff. Notice that all notes are in bass clef.

D. Draw the indicated note inside the staff. Draw hollow-shaped notes. (see exercise C above)

1. ____ 2. ____ 3. ____ 4. ____ 5. ____

6. ____ 7. ____ 8. ____ 9. ____ 10. ____

C. Place an X on the corresponding piano key below the staff. (See A above)

16. F 17. D 18. G 19. C 20. E

11. 12. 13. 14. 15.

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& ÓHalf Rest ∑Whole Rest

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1 ˙ Ó ˙ ˙ œ œ œ Œ

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2 œ œ ˙ œ œ œ œ w

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3 Œ œ œ œ ˙ œ œ œ Œ œ Œ

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Half Notes and Whole NotesWhen a note is held for 2 beats, it is called a half note:For now, you think of a half note as lasting for half a measure.

Beats: 1 2 3 4

When a note is held for 4 beats, it is called a whole note:Again, think of a whole note as lasting for a whole measure.

These are the corresponding rests. It's easy to confuse the two.

Below are exercises in quarter note, half note, and whole note rhythms. Note that the notes are in bass clef.

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10Reading in the Grand Staff

Ode To Joy Ludwig van Beethoven

Clair De La LuneFrench Folk Song

Frère Jacques French Folk Song

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11Playing Two Hands Together

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Dotted Half Notes

3 beats per measure.

Dotted half notes last for 3 beats.

Playing Two or More Notes Together in One HandIn this exercise, the left hand plays two notes together. Note that the thumb will always play the G.

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Eighth NotesEighth notes lasts for half of a beat.Here's an 8th note and 8th rest:

Since they last for half a beat, we can fit two 8th notes in one beat. These two 8th notes are beamed together:

When playing two 8th notes, the first one is played right on the beat, and the second 8th note is played at the second half of the beat. When counting 8th notes, the first one is called by whatever beat it lands on, just like quarter notes. For instance, "one" or "two." The second 8th note is always called "and."

Beam

Beat: 1 2

"one and two and"

halfway point

This is a repeat sign. It tells you to go back to the closest facing repeat sign and play that music again. If there isn't a facing repeat sign, go back to the very beginning.

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This curved line is called a tie. A tie attaches notes of the same pitchtogether to extend the duration of that pitch. In the example to the left,the whole note F in the first measure would normally ring for only four beats. But since it's tied to the whole note F in the next measure, it rings for four more beats. In other words, the F rings for a total of eight beats.

The Tie

Tie

ChordsThe basic chord is built with three different notes – a Root, 3rd, and 5th. The root is the foundation of the chord, so every chord is named after the root. For instance, a C chord's root is C; a G chord's root is G, etc. The 3rd and 5th are just distances, or intervals, from the root. For example, C is the root in a C chord, and should be thought of as 1. Since C is 1, E is 3 (a 3rd from C), and G is 5 (a 5th from C). (see right)

1 2 3 4 5Root 3rd 5th

C Chord

The notes in chords can be played one after the other or simultaneously.(see measure 9 and last two measures below.)

C Chord

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1 2 3 4 5

s a d g j

5 4 3 2 1

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16

5 Finger Position in G

Tip Toe StaccatoA dot at the notehead means to play the note staccato, an Italian termmeaning, short and detached.

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2. (2nd ending)

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(Play this bar the first time, then repeat.)

(On the repeat, skip the 1st ending and jump to this bar.)

Dolce

A Little Jig

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18

Chord SymbolsIn popular styles of music, it's common to read chord symbols rather than actual music. In this setting, it's the player's choice how to form and play the chords. When playing a C chord for instance, you can playthe notes, C, E and G, in any order and you can play as many of these notes as you wanted. Additionally, you can play these notes one after the other (called arpeggios) and/or all at once (called block chords).

When playing chords in popular styles of music, usually you will play the chord in the right hand and the bass note in the left hand. Most often, the bass note will be the root of the chord, but it doesn't have to be. So, how do you know what bass note to play? If you see a single letter name, suchas C, it implies that the root will be the bass note. If a note other than the root is to be the bass note, that note will be written after the chord,following a slash. For instance, C/E means C chord with E in the bass.

The three notes in a G chord are: G (root or 1), B (3rd) and D (5th).

Chord progressions are a series of chords put together and usually repeated. Songs, for instance, are merely words and a melody sung over a few chords that are repeated.

A basic chord symbol, such as G, is simply an abreviation for root, 3rd and 5th. But we can add other notes to chords. These added notes are indicated not by their letter name, but by their distance from the root. For instance, if we wanted to add F to a G chord, it would be shown as G7, since F is a distance of a 7th from G.

The G Chord

C C/E C/G

1 3 5

G C

Fingering

Chord Progressions

The G7 Chord

G–RootB–3rdD–5thF–7th

Root 3rd 5th

G

135

5

1

1

35

When playing chord progressions, we want to minimize hand movement as much as possible. We accomplishthis by moving our fingers to the closest notes. For instance, when moving from the G to C chord below, you will keep your thumb on G, since that note belongs in both chords, and move your 3rd and 5th fingers one key to the right to play the E and G notes.

Bass Notes

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19The Octave Sign

Notice the G and C chords in measure 6 will be played an octave higher than written. The term, loco, in measure 7 means to play the chords in their normal register.

The Octave Sign

An octave is an interval that is eight notes away from the starting pitch. No matter if the octave is up or down, the resulting pitch name will always the same as the pitch you started from.

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8C C COctave higher ( ) Octave lower ( )

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20

Little ScherzoDmitri Kabalevsky

(1904 - 1987)

Playing in a five-finger position is beneficial when first learning to play piano because the hands stay in one place, making it much easier to learn the notes on the staff. However, most piano music does not stay in one position. The hands usually shift and the fingers stretch a little to reach certain notes. Such is the case with the pieces you will now learn.

Moving Away From 5-Finger Positions

Notice in Little Scherzo below that both hands play in treble clef. Notice also the new note, B. (see right) This is actually the same B that sits on top of the staff in bass clef.

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9 Crimes

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There are four basic types of chords: major, minor, diminished, and augmented. Each of these chord typesproduces a different quality of sound. Almost all popular songs use only major and minor chords. Diminished and augmented chords are used mostly in jazz and classical music.

The Major and Minor Chord

Am

When a chord is identified by just one letter, i.e. G, it means that the chord is major. When an "m" follows the letter, i.e. Am, it means that the chord is minor. The "m" is simply an abbreviation for minor.

The A minor and F major chordF

Notice that the Am and F chord share two notes – A and C.

Amor

DreamsPlay Dreams and 9 Crimes an octave lower than written.

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1

2nd time: Play both hands an octave higher

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2

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3

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A sharp sign ( ) before a note tells you to play the very next key to the right, which usually is a black key. For example, the sign next to the note, F, tells you to play "F sharp", which is the black key just after F.

s A flat sign ( ) before a note tells you to play the very next key to the left, which usually is a black key. For example, the sign next to the note, E, tells you to play "E flat", which is the black key just before E.

f A natural sign ( ) before a note cancels a sharp or flat so that you play a note in its natural state, which isusually a white key. Be careful not toconfuse this sign withthe sharp sign. It's easy to do at first.

nAccidentals

24

s f

Study

Accidental Rule: When a note is altered by an accidental, if that note(s) appears again in the same measure, it will automatically be altered also, and thus, an accidental is not necessary on that note. For instance, in bar 5 below, B in the bass clef is altered to B . The second B is also B , even though there's no flat sign before it. In the next measure, however, a flat sign is needed on the first note, since this is a new measure.

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DanceFrom "Twenty-four Little Pieces", Op. 39 Dmitri Kabalevsky

(1904 - 1975)

Notice the flat sign ( ) after the clef on every staff in Dance below. This is called a key signature. A key signature is a convenient way to tell you which notes will be sharp or flat throughout the piece, making it unnecessary to place accidentals on each of those notes. Because the flat sign below is sitting on the line where the note B sits on, this key signature tells you to flat all B's – not just the B sitting on that line. Since all B's are flat, if the composer wants any B to be natural, he must place a natural sign ( ) in front of that B, which he does at measures 7 and 8.

Key Signatures

This key signature tells you that all B's will be flat.

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bn

The only difference between a major and minor chord is that the 3rd in a minor chord is one half step (one key) lower than the 3rd in a major chord. The root and 5th are the same in both chords. Notice to the right that G and Gmchord shares the same root (G) and 5th (D). But the 3rd in the G chord is B and the 3rd the Gm chord is B .

G

R 3rd 5th R 3rd 5th

*This is a tenuto marking (–) tells you to hold the note for its full duration. In other words, non stacatto.

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Carl CzernyEtude

68Normally, the top number in a time signature tells us directly how many beats are in each measure. (also , )are unique in that we have to first divide the top number by 3. Why? Because there are three eighth notes in each beat, not two, as in . Dividing 6 by 3 tells us that there are 2 beats in each measure with 3 eighth notes on eachbeat. (Notice below that three eighth notes are beamed together, indicating that these three eighth notes belong to one beat.) So while there are indeed 6 eighth notes in each measure, there are only two beats, not six.

EtudeJ.B. Duvernoy

89

68

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68 Time Signatures 128

We count as: "ONE and a TWO and a", emphasizing "ONE" and "TWO", like "Bubble Gum, Bubble Gum."

All F's are sharped.

Note the pedal markings under measure one and two below. = pedal down, = pedal up. Pedal throughout.

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On Yonder Rock RecliningD. F. E. Auber(1782 - 1871)

Romance Beethoven(1770 - 1827)

Up to this point, the music always started on beat one. But music doesn't have to begin there. Notice that inboth pieces below the first measure is incomplete. These are called pick-up measures. The pick-up measurein On Yonder Rock Reclining tells you that the music begins on the last eighth note of beat two. In Romance, the pick-up tells you that the music begins right on beat two.

Pick-Up Measures

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SarabandeGeorg Friedrich Handel

(1685 - 1759)

Dotted quarter and Dotted Eighth notes

AriettaDaniel Gottlob Turk

(1756 - 1813)

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MusetteFelix Le Couppey

(1811 - 1887)

Dynamics (Volume)π p P F f ƒ (very soft) (soft) (medium soft) (medium loud) (loud) (very loud)pianissimo piano mezzo piano mezzo forte forte fortissimo

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Tambourin Louis-Claude Daquin(1694 - 1772)

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1 25

35

The EntertainerScott Joplinarr. L.Warde

beginning piano for the classroom

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