Beginning the world as we know it.

Reading for Next Quiz

Cracking – 213-220 Fast Track – 286-291, 303-304 Text – 599-618

Bonus- How did war invent the pencil? Text page 576

Before the IR, there were 3 sources of power: Muscle, wind, water

Each had + and - : Muscle: works anywhere, but expensive and tires

easily Wind: free, but undependable Water: constant output, but must be on a river

“If only we could combine the advantages and minimize the costs, think of how much work we could get done…”

The first artificially powered engine Could run 24hr/d Useable anywhere Needed a constant supply of fuel (usually coal)

Credited to James Watt, 1775 First used in mining, then textiles,

transportation Kicks off the Industrial Revolution

Biggest change for humans since the Agricultural Rev

18001800 1 ton of coal 50, 000 miners

18501850 30 tons 200, 000 miners

18801880300 million tons

500, 000 miners

19141914250 million tons

1, 200, 000 miners

Coal Mining in Britain:

1800-1914

Coal Mining in Britain:

1800-1914

Social People moving country to city, farm to factory Rich richer, poor poorer Expanded middle class

Economic Production moves from small shops to factories More products at lower prices

Environmental Increased mining, deforestation, air pollution

(new) Technological

Automated machines, rapid transportation and communication

Factory ProductionFactory Production) Concentrates production in oneConcentrates production in one

place [materials, labor].place [materials, labor].

) Located near sources of power Located near sources of power [rather than labor or markets].[rather than labor or markets].

) Owning requires a lot of capital Owning requires a lot of capital investment [factory, machines, investment [factory, machines, etc]etc]

Textile FactoryWorkers in England

Textile FactoryWorkers in England

18131813 2400 looms 150, 000 workers

18331833 85, 000 looms 200, 000 workers

18501850 224, 000 looms >1 million workers

The Factory SystemThe Factory System

× Rigid schedule, 12-14 hour day.Rigid schedule, 12-14 hour day.

× Dangerous conditions.Dangerous conditions.

× Mind-numbing monotony.Mind-numbing monotony.

Textile Factory Workers in England

Textile Factory Workers in England

Industrialization By 1850

Industrialization By 1850

The Impact of the RailroadThe Impact of the Railroad

World Manufacturing Output: 1750-1900

World Manufacturing Output: 1750-1900