behaviorist perspective ppt
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BehavioristBehaviorist PerspectivePerspective on on
Language Language Learning Learning
Baki Dursun Baki Dursun Language Language Teaching Teaching
Who is Skinner?
What does he say about learning?
• · Known for operant conditioning• · A stimulus is provided• · A response is generated.• · Reinforcement is provided which could be positive or negative.- Learning takes place by reinforcement, if there is an unwanted behavior
punishment takes its turn.
Stimulus- Response
What is operant conditioning?
Examples for Operant Conditioning
Positive Reinforcement
Stimulus
Response
Operant Conditioning Negative
Reinforcement
Consequences that are reinforced (negatively or positively) will be
repeated but that are punished will not.
What does he say about Language Learning
Behaviorist Perspective on Language Learning
Assumptions from «Verbal Behavior»
Echoic Behavior • Echoic behavior is the primary form of verbal behavior of language
learners. These verbalizations include repeated utterances, as in (1)
(1) PARENT: [pointing to cookie] That’s a cookie. Can you say ‘cookie’?CHILD: Cooookie
Mands(short for deMANDS)
• utterances that are reinforced by the elevation of deprivation. So for instance, if a child were hungry or cold, her requests (as in (2))
• (2) Cookie.• Directives such as “Stop,” “Go,” and “Wait” also count as mands.
Tact( short for contact)• Utterances that are produced when the speaker is not deprived are called
tact• verbalizations that the speaker produces to provide information instead of
attending to states of deprivation• Different from mand
Interverbals• These include such things as “Please” and “Thank you.” • used in discourse situation and pertain to the interactive nature of dialog
• SPEAKER A: Who’s your favorite graduate student?• SPEAKER B: You
Autocliticts • attempted to deal with internal speech, or thought.• Autoclitics, by his account, are subject to the same effects of
reinforcement as verbalized speech and that previously reinforced internal, or thought behaviors, will influence not only current and future thought but also current and future verbal behavior.