behaviour therapy 1

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BEHAVIOR THERAPYBEHAVIOR THERAPY

(Behavior Modification)(Behavior Modification)

Part 1 (Introduction)Part 1 (Introduction)

Universitas Padjadjaran BandungUniversitas Padjadjaran Bandung

20102010



Origin of Behavior TherapyOrigin of Behavior Therapy

Experimental PsychologyExperimental Psychology

Clinical a pplication of learning princi plesClinical a pplication of learning princi ples

LEARNING PRINCIPLES :LEARNING PRINCIPLES :

HOW DO ORGANISM LEARN ?HOW DO ORGANISM LEARN ?



EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGYEXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY

Classical Behaviorism SClassical Behaviorism SR R

Neo Neo--behaviorism S behaviorism SOO R (ClassicalR (Classical

res pondent/conditioning; Pavlov, Watson andres pondent/conditioning; Pavlov, Watson andThorndike)Thorndike)

R adical behaviorism R R adical behaviorism R C (o perantC (o perant

conditioning; Skinner)conditioning; Skinner)



How can we define behavior?How can we define behavior?

Classical behaviorism : observable behaviour Classical behaviorism : observable behaviour

Neo Neo--behaviorism : not only observable but behaviorism : not only observable but

also nonalso non--observable bahaviour; such asobservable bahaviour; such ascognitionscognitions



What is behavior?What is behavior?

Activity,action, performance, res ponding,Activity,action, performance, res ponding,

res ponse, reactionres ponse, reaction

Behavior is anything that personBehavior is anything that person

says or doessays or does



Types of BehaviourTypes of Behaviour

Overt Behaviour Overt Behaviour could be observed andcould be observed andrecordedrecorded

such as all visible behaviour, facialsuch as all visible behaviour, facialexpression,mimicry, body expression, bodyexpression,mimicry, body expression, bodylanguage, s peechlanguage, s peech

Covert ( private/internal) behaviour Covert ( private/internal) behaviour can¶t becan¶t be

readily observed by other, need s pecialreadily observed by other, need s pecialinstrumentsinstruments

such as cognitions and emotionssuch as cognitions and emotions

A1



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Dimensions of BehaviorDimensions of Behavior

DurationDuration length of time that is lastslength of time that is lasts

FrequencyFrequency number of instances that occur innumber of instances that occur in

a given period of timea given period of time Intensity or forceIntensity or force the physical effort or the physical effort or

energy involved in emitting the behavior energy involved in emitting the behavior



Behaviour Therapy/ BehaviourBehaviour Therapy/ Behaviour

Modification?Modification?

The systematic a pplication of learningThe systematic a pplication of learning

princi ples and techniques to asses and im prove princi ples and techniques to asses and im proveindividuals covert and overt behaviours inindividuals covert and overt behaviours in

order to enhance their functioningorder to enhance their functioning



Important CharacteristicImportant Characteristic

Em phasis on defining problems in term of Em phasis on defining problems in term of behavior that can be mesured behavior that can be mesured

Treatment procedure to hel p that individualTreatment procedure to hel p that individual

functioning more fullyfunctioning more fully Frequently actively involved in restructuring aFrequently actively involved in restructuring a

client¶s daily environment to strengthen thanclient¶s daily environment to strengthen thans pending a great deal of time discussing thes pending a great deal of time discussing the

client¶s past experiencesclient¶s past experiences Give some homework assignment to clients inGive some homework assignment to clients in

which they change their own everydaywhich they change their own everydayenvironments for thera peutic pur posesenvironments for thera peutic pur poses



Behavioral AssessmentBehavioral Assessment

Involves the collection and analysis of Involves the collection and analysis of

information and data in order to :information and data in order to :

1.1. Identify and describe target behaviorsIdentify and describe target behaviors

2.2. Identify possible causes of the behavior Identify possible causes of the behavior

3.3. Guide the selection of an a ppro priateGuide the selection of an a ppro priate

behavioral treatment behavioral treatment

4.4. Evaluate treatment outcomeEvaluate treatment outcome

Functional AnalysisFunctional Analysis



Areas of application for behaviourAreas of application for behaviour

Modification techniqueModification technique Psychiatric disturbance : psychiatric andPsychiatric disturbance : psychiatric and

psychological problems : categories in DSM psychological problems : categories in DSM

IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of

Mental Disorders,4Mental Disorders,4thth revised edition)revised edition) Non Non-- psychiatric problems psychiatric problems



DSM CategoriesDSM Categories

Axis I : major psychiatric disorders such asAxis I : major psychiatric disorders such as

psychotic, shizo phrenia, substance abuse, psychotic, shizo phrenia, substance abuse,

affective disorder, anxiety disordersaffective disorder, anxiety disorders

Axis II : personality disordersAxis II : personality disorders

Axis III : medical (related) problemsAxis III : medical (related) problems

Axis IV : psychosocial problemsAxis IV : psychosocial problems Axis V : global assessment of funtioning scaleAxis V : global assessment of funtioning scale

(GAS)(GAS)



Original aim of the DSMOriginal aim of the DSM

Classification instrument : descri ption of Classification instrument : descri ption of

sym ptom clusterssym ptom clusters syndromessyndromes

Non Non--theoritical : not based on an illness theorytheoritical : not based on an illness theory Only for scientific pur poses : to com pareOnly for scientific pur poses : to com pare

information during course and treatment of information during course and treatment of

psychiatric disturbances psychiatric disturbances



Present use of the DSMPresent use of the DSM

Making an initial diagnosisMaking an initial diagnosis

Choice of treatmentChoice of treatment

R esearch : evidence based treatmentR esearch : evidence based treatment Decision of health insurance com panies aboutDecision of health insurance com panies about

payment payment

Government policy on mental health careGovernment policy on mental health care



NonNon--Psychiatric ProblemsPsychiatric Problems

EduactionEduaction

Sport psychologySport psychology

Community behavioural analysesCommunity behavioural analyses

Business, industry and governmentBusiness, industry and government Parenting and child managementParenting and child management

Develo pmental disabilitiesDevelo pmental disabilities

Self management of personal problems (for Self management of personal problems (for instance smoking and over weight)instance smoking and over weight)

Medical and health care (behaviouralMedical and health care (behaviouralmedicine)medicine)



Self Modification ExerciseSelf Modification Exercise

Identify one of your own behaviours that youIdentify one of your own behaviours that you

want to change and describe itwant to change and describe it

For this behaviour, identify wheather youFor this behaviour, identify wheather youhave describe :have describe :

1.1. Specific behaviour or a generally summarySpecific behaviour or a generally summary

labellabel

2.2. An observable or a covert behaviour An observable or a covert behaviour

3.3. A behaviour or the outcome of a behaviour A behaviour or the outcome of a behaviour



Fin Fin

behaviour therapy 1

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