behavioural differences in wolves and dogs ...9/30/19 1 behavioural differences in wolves and dogs...

21
9/30/19 1 BEHAVIOURAL DIFFERENCES IN WOLVES AND DOGS Christina Hansen Wheat Overview 1. The Domestication Syndrome 2. What is in the literature on wolves and dogs? 3. The Dog Wolf Project 4. Results from the Dog Wolf Project Domestication syndrome |d ә mest ә k ā SH( ә )n sindrōm| noun The general alteration of 1) morphological, 2) physiological and 3) behavioural traits occurs simultaneously in domesticated animals

Upload: others

Post on 20-Oct-2020

3 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

  • 9/30/19

    1

    B E H AV I O U R A L D I F F E R E N C E S I N W O LV E S A N D D O G S

    C h r i s t i n a H a n s e n W h e a t

    Overview1.  The Domestication Syndrome

    2.  What is in the l iterature on wolves and dogs?

    3.  The Dog Wolf Project

    4.  Results from the Dog Wolf Project

    Domestication syndrome |dә mestә kāSH(ә )n sin drōm|

    noun

    The genera l a l terat ion o f 1) morphologica l , 2) phys io logica l and 3) behavioural t ra i ts occurs s imultaneously in domest icated animals

  • 9/30/19

    2

    (Belyaev et al, 1985; Goodwin et al, 1997; Künzl & Sachser, 1999; Trut, 2001; Hare et al, 2012; Wilkins et al, 2014)

    Defenders.org

    Saxony-Blue.com

    Imgur.com

    pets4homes.co.uk dhn-hes.ca.uky.edu

    WIL

    DD

    OM

    ES

    TIC

    Künzl & Sachser 1999, Hormones and BehaviorTrut et al. 2004, Russian Journal of Genetics

    DO

    ME

    ST

    IC

    WI

    LD

    DO

    MES

    TIC

    WIL

    D

    WIL

    D

    DO

    MES

    TIC

    DO

    MES

    TIC W

    ILD

    Mark Adams Photography gettyimages.com

    Slate.com

    A G G R E S S I O N

    F E A R F U L N E S S

    S O C I A B I L I T Y

    P L AY F U L N E S S

  • 9/30/19

    3

    Figure 1 !!

    !a! b! c! d! e!Figure 1 !!

    !a! b! c! d! e!

    D O G S

    W O L F H Y B R I D S

    Dog Mentality Assessment Test

    Figure 2 !

    !

    a a a a a !!

    !!

    **!

    a a a a a !!

    ns! ns!

    ns!**! **!ab ab a bc c !! a a a ab b !!

    a b ab bc c !! a a a a a !!

    GS AM SH CW WH !

    Play

    fuln

    ess!

    Socia

    bilit

    y!

    Agg

    ress

    ion!

    Fear

    fuln

    ess (

    strat

    le)!

    Fear

    fuln

    ess (

    soun

    d)!

    Fear

    fuln

    ess (

    ghos

    t)!

    GS AM SH CW WH ! GS AM SH CW WH !

    GS AM SH CW WH ! GS AM SH CW WH ! GS AM SH CW WH !

    H a n s e n W h e a t e t a l . 2 0 1 8 . J o u r n a l o f C o m p a r a t i v e P s y c h o l o g y

    Figu

    re 2

    !

    !

    a

    a

    a

    a

    a!!

    !!

    **!

    a

    a

    a

    a

    a!!

    ns!

    ns!

    ns!

    **!

    **!

    ab

    ab

    a

    bc

    c

    !!a

    a

    a

    a

    b

    b!!

    a

    b

    a

    b

    bc

    c

    !!a

    a

    a

    a

    a

    !!

    GS

    AM

    SH

    C

    W W

    H !

    Playfulness!

    Sociability!

    Aggression!

    Fearfulness (stratle)!

    Fearfulness (sound)!

    Fearfulness (ghost)!

    GS

    AM

    SH

    C

    W W

    H !

    GS

    AM

    SH

    C

    W W

    H !

    GS

    AM

    SH

    C

    W W

    H !

    GS

    AM

    SH

    C

    W W

    H !

    GS

    AM

    SH

    C

    W W

    H !

  • 9/30/19

    4

    A G G R E S S I O N

    F E A R F U L N E S S

    S O C I A B I L I T Y

    P L AY F U L N E S S

    Figure 1 !!

    !a! b! c! d! e!

    BUT HOW ABOUT WOLF - DOG COMPARISONS?

    1. AGGRESSION Wolves are less aggressive than dogsAggressive encounters

  • 9/30/19

    5

    2. FEARFULNESS

    Wolves are more neophobic than dogs

    DO

    GS

    WO

    LVES

    3 . SOCIABILITY

  • 9/30/19

    6

    Wolves are less at tached to human caregivers than dogs

    Gre

    etin

    g

    Aggressive encounters

    4. PLAYFULNESSPlay behaviour

    Wolves engage more in social play than dogs

  • 9/30/19

    7

    Partial conclusion1.  A general lack of consensus among studies

    •  Smal l sample s izes•  Methods are no t s tandard ized across s tudies

    2.  Too broad behavioural definitions?•  F o r i n s t a n c e , 1 2 s u b t y p e s o f a g g re s s i o n i n d o g s•  W hich s ubty pes o f b e h a v i o u r s a re re levan t i n a

    domes t i ca t ion se t t ing?

    3.  Does one shoe really fit all?•  Should we expec t s imi la r b e h a v i o u r a l ch an ges

    ac ross a l l dog bre e ds?

    WHEN DO SPECIES DIFFEENCES ARISE?

  • 9/30/19

    1

    T h e D o g Wo l f P r o j e c t

    Stockholm University

    Purpose and aims

    •  When do spec ies d i f f e rences in wo l ves and dog ar i se?

    •  Compare b e h a v i o u r a l dev e lo pment in d ogs and wolves

    •  Raise dogs and w olves unde r iden t i ca l condi t ions

    10 days to 5 weeks•  S o c i a l i z a t i o n s t a r t s b e f o r e e y e - o p e n i n g•  2 4 h o u r s s o c i a l i z a t i o n•  B o t t l e f e e d i n g e v e r y 2 - 3 h o u r s

  • 9/30/19

    2

    6 weeks to 3 months•  Va c c i n a t i o n p r o g r a m c o m p l e t e d

    •  M e e t i n g s t r a n g e r s

    •  G r a d u a l w e a n i n g f r o m p h y s i c a l p r e s e n c e o f c a r e g i v e r s i n i t i a t e d

  • 9/30/19

    3

    3 - 7 months•  L o t s o f g r o w i n g !

    •  P r e p a r i n g t o b e r e - h o m e d

    •  D e c r e a s e d p h y s i c a l p r e s e n c e s o f c a r e g i v e r s

    •  I n c r e a s e d v i s i t s f r o m g r o u p s o f s t r a n g e r s

    THE ONTOGENY OF SPECIES DIFFERENCES IN WOLVES

    AND DOGS

  • 9/30/19

    4

    Behavioural observations•  K e e p i n g d i a r i e s

    •  C e i l i n g c a m e r a s

    •  We s t a r t v i d e o fi l m i n g a t 3 w e e k s

    Behavioural testing•  Te s t i n g s t a r t s a t 6 w e e k s

    •  S t i l l o n g o i n g ( w o l v e s )

    A G G R E S S I O N

    F E A R F U L N E S S

    S O C I A B I L I T Y

    P L AY F U L N E S S

    T H E C R I T I C A L P E R I O D“The critical period of socialization marks an important time frame in a young animals life, in which it through exploration gains important information about its environment. This developmental period can have great impact on behaviour later in life”

    (Scott & Fuller, 1965).

  • 9/30/19

    5

    O n s e t o f f e a r f u l r e s p o n s e

    3 14

    weeks

    P e r i o d o f s o c i a l i z a t i o n

    EX

    PL

    OR

    AT

    OR

    Y

    BE

    HA

    VI

    OU

    R

    C R I T I C A L p e r i o d o f s o c i a l i z a t i o n

    DOGS

    WOLVES

    L o r d ( 2 0 1 3 ) , E t h o l o g y

    P l y u s n i n a e t a l . ( 1 9 9 1 ) , A p p l i e d A n i m a l B e h a v i o u r S c i e n c e

    Exp

    lora

    tory

    beh

    avio

    ur

    Pla

    sma

    cort

    iso

    l

    - FEARFULNESS -

    Repeated novel object tests

    6 , 10 , 14 , 18 , 22 and 26 weeks of age

  • 9/30/19

    6

    H a n s e n W h e a t e t a l . 2 0 1 9 . F r o n t i e r s i n P s y c h o l o g y

    - SOCIABILITY -

    •  Mental Description for Puppies – greeting (8 weeks)

    •  Separation tests (10 weeks)

    •  Strange Situation Test (23 weeks)

  • 9/30/19

    7

    Gre

    etin

    g

    Strange s i tua t ion tes t

    Human-directedsociability

    T o p a l e t a l . ( 2 0 0 5 )

    8 weeks 12 weeks 16 weeks

  • 9/30/19

    8

  • 9/30/19

    9

    L i n n L a r s s o n , M S c

    - PLAYFULNESS -

    •  Social play (5 - 11 weeks)

    •  Solitary play – Mental Description for puppies (8, 12 and 16 weeks)

  • 9/30/19

    10

    Å s a L y c k e , M S c

    Soci

    al p

    lay

    Play

    biti

    ng

    Play

    hun

    ting

  • 9/30/19

    11

    ConclusionF e a r f u l n e s s

    •  D o g s b e c o m e l e s s f e a r f u l t h a n w o l v e s•  T h i s d i f f e r e n c e d e v e l o p s p r o g r e s s i v e l y d u r i n g t h e

    fi r s t 6 m o n t h s o f l i f e

    Soc iab i l i ty•  D o g s a n d w o l v e s a r e e q u a l l y a t t a c h e d t o h u m a n

    c a r e g i v e r s•  B u t w h a t a b o u t s t r a n g e r s ?

    P lay fu lness•  H i g h l y c o n t e x t s p e c i fi c

  • 9/30/19

    1

    A R E D O G S U N I Q U E I N R E S P O N D I N G T O S O C I A L C U E S G I V E N B Y H U M A N S ? Dog s hav e evolved

    spec ia l sk i l l s in fo l lowing human soc ia l cues

    But what about wolves with no prior training?

    …and what happens if we look at something else than pointing?

  • 9/30/19

    2

    H a n s e n W h e a t a n d T e m r i n , 2 0 1 9 , i n r e v i e w

  • 9/30/19

    3

    0

    1

    2

    3

    4

    5

    OZZY LITA JONI BJÖRK IGGY HENDRIX FLEA STING PJ MOBY LEMMY KD ELVIS

    Ret

    riev

    ing

    scor

    e

    1st 2nd 3rd

    Conclusion•  The ability to interpret human social cues

    IS NOT unique to dogs

    •  Wolves can spontaneously retrieve a ball

    •  Standing variation for interpreting human social cues in wolf populations

    T H A N K Y O U !

    @ChristinaHWheat

    [email protected]