behavioural rules in multi agent systems max
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Third International Workshop on "Geographical Analysis, Urban Modeling, Spatial Statistics"TRANSCRIPT
The behavioural rules in Multi Agent Systems: a “not a toy” approach
The behavioural rules in Multi Agent Systems: a “not a toy” approach
Alessandra LAPUCCI Massimiliano PETRI
Diana POLETTI
L.I.S.T.A. – Laboratorio di Ingegneria dei Sistemi Territoriali e Ambientali
University of Pisa, Department of Civil Engineering
[m.petri, alessandra.lapucci, diana.poletti]@ing.unipi.it
L.I.S.T.A. – Laboratorio di Ingegneria dei Sistemi Territoriali e Ambientali
The starting point A first award
L.I.S.T.A. – Laboratorio di Ingegneria dei Sistemi Territoriali e Ambientali
Topics
1. Knowledge Need
2. A particular MAS: Activity-Based Model
3. “Citylive” Structure and Case Study Application
A.The EnvironmentB.The AgentsC.The Rules : knowledge extraction
from data
4. The model implementation
L.I.S.T.A. – Laboratorio di Ingegneria dei Sistemi Territoriali e Ambientali
Interventions on:Interventions on:• Road Conditions Road Conditions • Traffic RegulationsTraffic Regulations• Public TransportPublic Transport• Road worksRoad works• Activities Activities (re)localization(re)localization• Activities Activities opening/closingopening/closing times times • Limited Access AreasLimited Access Areas……………………..
““City Live” City Live” modelmodel
SimulationsSimulations
Effects on:Effects on:• Traffic and CongestionTraffic and Congestion• Public Transport DemandPublic Transport Demand• Parkings DemandParkings Demand• Travel Time to WorkTravel Time to Work• Travel Time to SchoolTravel Time to School• Travel Time to Various Travel Time to Various • Services ….Services ….
“ “ City as Living City as Living Organism”Organism”
Function AssessmentFunction Assessment==
Life QualityLife Quality
“City-Live” model answersKnowledge Need
L.I.S.T.A. – Laboratorio di Ingegneria dei Sistemi Territoriali e Ambientali
Pop
ula
tion
Su
rvey
Pop
ula
tion
Su
rvey
- A) - A) an an EnvironmentEnvironment
- B) - B) a set of Agents,a set of Agents, active entities of the active entities of the systemsystem
- - C)C) a set of “Rules”a set of “Rules” regulatingregulating agents’s activitiesagents’s activities
The Case Study The Activity-Based Model
SCHEDULINGSCHEDULING- WHERE do city users go? - WHERE do city users go? ((in which servicesin which services) activities ) activities localizationlocalization- HOW do they get there? - HOW do they get there? (by which transport means) traffic (by which transport means) traffic and and - WHERE do they park? - WHERE do they park? public public transporttransport
- WHICH family members are involved?- WHICH family members are involved? family family organizationorganization
- IN WHICH - IN WHICH hours do they move?hours do they move? space space use anduse and- HOW MUCH - HOW MUCH time do they spend?time do they spend? time time consumeconsume- HOW LONG - HOW LONG do they stay?do they stay?- ………… …………
Why sequential Activity-Based model ?
The Case Study
Morning act. diary pattern
Afternooon act. diary
patternEvening
act. diary pattern
The Activity-Based Model
L.I.S.T.A. – Laboratorio di Ingegneria dei Sistemi Territoriali e Ambientali
L.I.S.T.A. – Laboratorio di Ingegneria dei Sistemi Territoriali e Ambientali
Region: Tuscany (Italy)
City: Pisa
Region: Tuscany (Italy)
City: Pisa
Residents: approximately 82.000
Surface: 7600 hectares
Residents: approximately 82.000
Surface: 7600 hectares
A) The Environment in“City-Live” The Study Area
L.I.S.T.A. – Laboratorio di Ingegneria dei Sistemi Territoriali e Ambientali
A Reactive Agent
1. Temporal Geometric Network
2. Geodatabase of activities located in the study area
3. Population data related to the 918 census sections involved
The Environment is structured as e real agent
Behaviours/Attributes vary
through time
through space
according to interactions with agents
The environment is implemented on a G.I.S. platform
It allows efficient and dynamic spatial queries
The environment is implemented on a G.I.S. platform
It allows efficient and dynamic spatial queries
A) The Environment in“City-Live”
City-Live Population Survey Two different City Users
ResidentsCommuter
s
ResidentsCommuter
s
Pisa citycentre
Pisa citycenter Arrival points
Residents Activities
Commuters Activities
CommutersUniverse: the commuters working in the activity with more than 20 employees (source: firm direct contact)Sample: based on a spatial accessibility and homogeneity criteriaResidents
Universe: the total residents in the Census Areas selected (source: Statistical National Agency)Sample: a two-steps sample method
L.I.S.T.A. – Laboratorio di Ingegneria dei Sistemi Territoriali e Ambientali
City-Live Population Survey Accessibility index
Road Network (with one-way)Census Area centroids
L.I.S.T.A. – Laboratorio di Ingegneria dei Sistemi Territoriali e Ambientali
City-Live Population Survey Accessibility index
Gravitational Potential
PGa = kj Σj Mj / dajα
where
PGa = Gravitational Potential fotr the Census Area aKj = Census Area j weightMj = Number of emplyees in the Census Area jdaj = Distance between a and j calculated on the Networkalfa = distance sensitiveness
We use this index to create Census Area Clusters based on homogeneous accessibility criteria
L.I.S.T.A. – Laboratorio di Ingegneria dei Sistemi Territoriali e Ambientali
City-Live Population Survey Accessibility index
L.I.S.T.A. – Laboratorio di Ingegneria dei Sistemi Territoriali e Ambientali
Questionnaire Structure 1 – Personal Data:
Class (commuter, domiciled or resident); Residence/Arrival area in Pisa; Sex; Age Band; Civil Status; Number of Transfers; Single Component Occupation; Individual Salary Range; Educational Qualification; Number of Family Components; Family Composition; Head of a family Age; Number of Children in the Family; Driving Licence Number in the Family; Car Numerousness in the Family.
Indi
vidu
al D
ata
Fam
ily
Dat
a
Questionnaire Structure 2 – Daily Activities:
Activity Type (14); Start/End Activity Period; Activity Localization; Activity Duration; Transportation Means; Reason for Choosing or not Public Transports (specifically requested from Pisa Province) Trip Time; Planning Moment; Accompainment Possibility (number of people).
Questionnaire Structure 3 – Individual preferences :
Preferred transport meansUsed transport meansJudgements about urban services …
Questionnaire StructureCity-Live Population Survey
L.I.S.T.A. – Laboratorio di Ingegneria dei Sistemi Territoriali e Ambientali
Questionnaire StructureCity-Live Population Survey
L.I.S.T.A. – Laboratorio di Ingegneria dei Sistemi Territoriali e Ambientali
City-Live Population Survey The web site
L.I.S.T.A. – Laboratorio di Ingegneria dei Sistemi Territoriali e Ambientali
City-Live Population Survey
Personal data survey
The web site
L.I.S.T.A. – Laboratorio di Ingegneria dei Sistemi Territoriali e Ambientali
City-Live Population Survey
Activity diary data web-GIS
For clients with editing not allowed
(administrations, firms, etc..)For clients with
allowed editing(sample)
The web site
L.I.S.T.A. – Laboratorio di Ingegneria dei Sistemi Territoriali e Ambientali
City-Live Population Survey Questionnaire: results
LegendResidenceArrival com.Activity
Travel by car
Travel by bikeTravel by busTravel on foot
Activity duration
Ore 12.30-14.00 Tim
e ax
is
L.I.S.T.A. – Laboratorio di Ingegneria dei Sistemi Territoriali e Ambientali
Survey Use - 1
Sample Survey Sample Survey
: :
QuestionnairesQuestionnaires
Sample Survey Sample Survey
: :
QuestionnairesQuestionnaires
Agents:
• Residents inserted in their own Familiar Context
• Singles Commuters
Iterative Proportional Fitting
Whole Population Whole Population
ReconstructionReconstructionWhole Population Whole Population
ReconstructionReconstruction
City-Live B) The Agents
L.I.S.T.A. – Laboratorio di Ingegneria dei Sistemi Territoriali e Ambientali
Examples:
Which choice is made first in the model? Which transport means do an individual choose?At what time does the activity start?….
Knowledge Discovery in Databases
Knowledge Extraction for Model BuildingKnowledge Extraction for Model BuildingKnowledge Extraction for Model BuildingKnowledge Extraction for Model Building
City-Live C) The Rules
Sample Survey Sample Survey
: :
QuestionnairesQuestionnaires
Sample Survey Sample Survey
: :
QuestionnairesQuestionnaires
Survey Use - 2
L.I.S.T.A. – Laboratorio di Ingegneria dei Sistemi Territoriali e Ambientali
City-Live: C) The Rules Example: Survey & KDD
Decision Tree IF .. THEN .. Rules
L.I.S.T.A. – Laboratorio di Ingegneria dei Sistemi Territoriali e Ambientali
Cube environmentCity-Live: Activity-Based Model
- It incorporates most of the Activity-based demand techniques.- It allows the input of GIS data and their editing in a ArcGIS-like environment- It distributes model run processes across multiple computer processors, cutting model run times- It contain a scripting language to insert the KDD rules in the choice processes modules- It allows choice aggregation combining the effects of individual choice for such things as travel destination, time of day, cost and parking to provide aggregate representations
L.I.S.T.A. – Laboratorio di Ingegneria dei Sistemi Territoriali e Ambientali
THE END
Alessandra [email protected]
Massimiliano [email protected]
Diana [email protected]
University of PisaDepartment of Civil Engineering
Thank you !!