behivor
TRANSCRIPT
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Behavior Modification Techniques
There are five categories of activities that can be
addressed with behavior modification
techniques:
� Develop a new behavior
� Strengthen a behavior
� Maintain an established behavior
� Stop inappropriate behavior
� Modify emotional behavior
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Behavior Modification Techniques
Develop a new behavior
Successive
Approximatio
n Principle
To teach a child to act in amanner in which he has
seldom or never before
behaved, reward
successive steps to thefinal behavior (also called
shaping).
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Behavior Modification Techniques
Develop a new behavior
Continuous
Reinforcement
Principle
To develop a newbehavior that the child
has not previously
exhibited, arrange for an
immediate reward aftereach correct
performance.
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Behavior Modification Techniques
Develop a new behavior
Negative
Reinforcement
Principle
To increase a child'sperformance in a particular
way, arrange for him to
avoid or escape a mild
aversive situation byimproving his behavior or by
allowing him to avoid the
aversive situation by
behaving appropriately.
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Behavior Modification Techniques
Develop a new behavior
Cueing
Principle
To teach a child toremember to act at a
specific time, arrange for
him to receive a cue for
the correct performance just before the action is
expected rather than after
he has performed it
incorrectly.
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Behavior Modification Techniques
Strengthen a new behavior
Decreasing
Reinforceme
nt Principle
To encourage a child tocontinue performing an
established behavior with
few or no rewards,
gradually require a longertime period or more
correct responses before a
correct behavior is
rewarded.
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Behavior Modification Techniques
Strengthen a new behavior
Variable
Reinforceme
nt Principle
To improve or increase achild's performance of a
certain activity, provide
the child with an
intermittent reward.
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Behavior Modification Techniques
Maintain an established behavior
Substitution
Principle
To change reinforcers
when a previously
effective reward is no
longer controlling
behavior, present it just
before (or as soon as
possible to) the time you
present the new, hopefully
more effective reward.
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Behavior Modification Techniques
Stop an inappropriate behavior
Satiation
Principle
To stop a child from acting
in a particular way, you
may allow him to continue
(or insist that he continue)
performing the undesired
act until he tires of it.
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Behavior Modification Techniques
Stop an inappropriate behavior
Extinction
Principle
To stop a child from acting
in a particular way, you
may arrange conditions so
that he receives no
rewards following the
undesired act.
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Behavior Modification Techniques
Stop an inappropriate behavior
Incompatible
Alternative
Principle
To stop a child from acting
in a particular way, you
may reward an alternative
action that is inconsistent
with or cannot be
performed at the same
time as the undesired act.
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Behavior Modification Techniques
Stop an inappropriate behavior
Response
Cost
Principle
To stop a child from acting
in a certain way, remove a
pleasant stimulus
immediately after the action
occurs. Since response cost
results in increased hostilityand aggression, it should
only be used infrequently
and in conjunction with
reinforcement.
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Behavior Modification Techniques
Modify emotional behavior
Avoidance
Principle
To teach a child to avoid a
certain type of situation,
simultaneously present to
the child the situation to
be avoided (or some
representation of it) and
some aversive condition (or
its representation).
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Behavior Modification Techniques
Modify emotional behavior
Fear
Reduction
Principle
To help a child overcome his
fear of a particular
situation, gradually increase
his exposure to the feared
situation while he is
otherwise comfortable,
relaxed, secure or rewarded.
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