behold the marigold - munsinger clemens...needy for fertilizer. marigolds are easy to grow from...

Volume XVII | No 2 Summer 2016

In this IssueBehold the Marigold..........................................1-2

Ch-ch-ch-ch-ch-Changes ..............................1-3

What’s Up in the Garden......................................4

Garden Crop Families ............................................5

Who Pays for the Gardensand What’s in the Future?....................................5

Tenth Annual Art Fair in the Gardens ..........6

Music in the Gardens ........................................6-7

Butterfly Release ......................................................7

Photography in the Garden....................................7-back cover

Co-ChairsJoan Andersen

Jill Florek

Mary Margaret BjorklunSam CalvertElaine CarterWilliam CookChris Felsch

Donna GorrellJack Kelly

Nia PrimusAnne PrzybillaBruce Regan

MCBS newsletter is published four times a year. The next issue

will be in August. Articles and comments are welcomed.

Membership [email protected]

Coordinator & EditorDonna Gorrell • 252-8834

[email protected]

Layout & DesignJill Lucas Design • 743-4471

[email protected]

www.MunsingerClemens.com

Behold the Marigoldby Idella Moberg

Beauty is in the eye of the beholder.Look at the marigold for example.Marigolds are ubiquitous. They groweverywhere. A gardener may see themarigold as easy to grow in the gardenand that its blooms are bright andcheerful whether among vegetables orin a flower bed. A practical person willnotice how useful it can be. The marigoldis an ancient flower. It is a sacred flower.It’s an inspiration for poets. Who you areinfluences what you see.

Marigolds are ubiquitous. They areindigenous to Mexico and South America.Following the Spanish conquest ofMexico in the 16th century, Spanish andPortuguese explorers brought them to Europe and Africa and India. Noweverywhere you turn you’ll see them.Marigolds are so common it is easy totake them for granted. What an ordinaryflower the marigold has become, after it has traveled so far in time and space,only to land itself next to Grandma’s

lettuce, standing guard against bugsand rabbits. If you are a person whosees marigolds as being so ordinary thatthey are not really worthwhile, stop tothink why they’ve become so popular.

Marigolds are easy to grow. They likesunshine and good drainage. You canignore them and they don’t seem tomind. They aren’t particularly thirsty, orneedy for fertilizer. Marigolds are easy togrow from seed. They bloom all summerlong, intense orange and red and yellowflowers. When all other flowers havefinished blooming, marigolds continue

to provide color to the garden, far intopre-winter, when the days diminish intodarkness all too early and the nights lastall too long. Marigolds, with their sunnyblossoms, are cheerful easy-goingadditions to any garden. If you likeflowers that are easy to grow, you’llappreciate marigolds.

Perhaps you like useful plants. Amongvegetables, marigold odor repels bugslike mosquitoes and gnats, and it attractsother insects that eat bad bugs. Marigoldsattract bees that pollinate vegetableflowers. Next to your lettuce they maykeep the rabbits away. They are goodcompanion plants for tomato, eggplant,chili pepper, tobacco, and potato.Marigolds are cultivated to make dye for clothing, flavoring for food, essentialoils, and medicines. Their petals are fedto chickens to make egg yolks a beautifulorange color. Marigolds are used to makeperfume for lovers and incense for theshamans. It’s an ingredient in drinks andan additive to tobacco. As an oil, extractof marigold is used for massage.

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LIKE our Facebook page at Munsinger Clemens Botanical SocietyAre you looking for more photos and up-to-date information on the Gardens andour events? We are making it easy by posting all the news on Facebook so you canfind out what is happening and share that information with your friends. We hopeyou will help us—tell everyone how great our Gardens are!

Ch-ch-ch-ch-ch-changesby William M. Cook

Everyone knows that the weatherchanges. As you read this, the weatheris probably turning from spring tosummer. However, it is increasinglyimportant for anyone who cares aboutgardens, plants, wildlife, and manyother things to also understand theways that our climate is changing too.

A couple of quick definitions first. Thinkof weather as day-to-day changes inatmospheric conditions; is it rainy,

sunny, a little warmer, a lot colder thanthe day before? Climate is much moreabout averages—how weather changesnot from day to day, but from season to season and especially over longerperiods of time. Climate questionscould include whether droughts aremore common than they used to be,whether spring is coming earlier or lateron average, or if winters are in generalcolder or warmer than they have been.

Photography Displays, 2015 WinnersJune ........................US Bank, 1015 W. Saint Germain

July (6/29-7/29)...Paramount Theatre, 913 W. Saint Germain

August-Sept. .......Saint Cloud Medical Group, 251 County Rd. 120

October..................Waite Park Library, 253 Fifth Ave. N., Waite Park

November.............Saint Cloud Public Library, 1300 W. Saint Germain

Winning photos can also be seen at www.munsingerclemens.com.

Call for VolunteersWant to help serve rootbeer floats at one or more of our 2016 summer concerts inMunsinger Garden?

Contact Elaine Carter at (320) 253-6143 or [email protected] to be added toour volunteer list.

Summer16_Layout 1 5/18/16 10:22 AM

Butterfly Release, July 24The 5th Annual Memorial Butterfly Release will take placein Munsinger Gardens on Sunday July 24, 2:00-3:00 pm.As a symbol of transformation and hope, the butterflybrings joy in remembrance of loved ones. The releaseevent is sponsored by Quiet Oaks Hospice House andRespite Care (www.quietoakshospicehouse.org). TheMunsinger Clemens Music in the Gardens concert withDennis Warner will follow at 3:00 pm.

Page 7

The marigold is an ancient flower.Stephen Buchmann, in his book TheReason for Flowers, tells us that in pre-Hispanic Mexico the Aztecs cultivatedand planted them in their pleasuregardens. Their poetry praised anddescribed the marigold, along withdahlias, tube roses, zinnias, and otherblossoms. In their capital, Tenochtitlan,the island city in the middle of formerLake Texococo, site of modern MexicoCity, ancient Aztecs constructed urbangardens for commoners as well as forAztec nobility. The Aztec expert gardenerscultivated double-flowering marigolds.

The marigold is a sacred flower. In Mexicoit has been associated with death. AncientAztecs used a powder of marigold as ahallucinogen numbing chemical so thathuman sacrificial victims would notrealize what was happening to them.They believed that the souls of people

who died journeyed for seven years toand from the afterworld looking for food.This was required so that the dead couldrest. Each year their souls returned fromthe afterworld to the land of the living.As they traveled they dropped marigoldsto mark the trail they would take thefollowing year. Today in Mexico, onOctober 31 to November 2, the ancientritual is relived in the celebration of Diade Muertos, the Day of the Dead. Hugealtars are set up with food and drink fordeceased members of the household.To attract the spirits of the dead, marigoldsare spread on the altar, along pathways,and in graveyards. Mexicans visit theirloved ones’ graves and bring offerings.The main offering is the marigold, Flordel Muerto, Flower of the Dead.

You may not share the Mexicanconnection between marigolds anddeath. Rather, why not let your inner

poet see the marigold as a metaphor.Shakespeare’s Perdita offers flowers thatcorrespond to life span:

The marigold, that goes to bed wi’the sunAnd with him rises weeping. Theseare flowersOf middle summer, and I think theyare givenTo men of middle age.

— The Winter’s Tale (4.4.122-7)

And Robert Graves compares “theconstant marigold” with love:

New beginnings and new shootsSpring again from hidden roots.Pull or stab or cut or burn,Love must ever yet return.

—“Marigolds”

The word “behold” comes from OldEnglish bihaldan, “to hold thoroughly.”Behold the marigold. Hold it thoroughly.See what you can see.

Behold the Marigold, continued from page 1

Photography in the Gardens

Prizes$100 Best of Show$50 1st place Adult winner in each category$20 2nd place Adult winner in each category$10 3rd place Adult winner in each category$50 1st place Youth-18 winner in each category$20 2nd place Youth-18 winner in each category$10 3rd place Youth-18 winner in each categoryAll winners will receive Award Certificates.

CategoriesLandscapes (garden scenery)Hardscapes (decorative features in the Gardens)1st, 2nd, and 3rd place winners will be chosen from bothage groups and each category.Any visitor to the Gardens is eligible to enter.

Submission Fee$10 for adults per photo$5 for youth-18 per photoMaximum of 3 entries per photographer.

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Rules• Tripods may be used.• Photos will be returned to photographer.• Photographer retains copyright of photo.• Use of the photo is granted to MCBS and credit

will be given to photographer.• Contest allows for only normal manipulation of an image.

Entries DueNovember 4, 2016 from 4:30 to 6:30 p.m.November 5, 2016 from 10:00 a.m. to 2:00 p.m.at the Lake George Municipal Complex1101 7th Street South, St. Cloud, MNWinners will be notified.

Download the entry form from our websitewww.munsingerclemens.com

Photography AwardsNovember 19, 2016, 3:00 p.m., public reception at the SaintCloud Public Library to present awards. Gallery will open at2:30 p.m.

November 15, 2015 — November 4, 2016

Changes, continued from page 1

The overwhelming scientific consensus,which I am a part of as a biologyprofessor, is that the climate is currentlychanging and in fact changing morerapidly than usual. The rest of this articleis to be devoted to the ways that theclimate in our region is changing, withsome comments on what effects this iscurrently having (and will continue tohave) on gardens, plants, and wildlife.

One major and well-publicized way that the observed climate of the upperMidwest is changing is that things aregetting warmer. However, this isn’tsomething that is evenly spread throughthe seasons. Summers have gotten alittle warmer on average during recentdecades, but most of the warming hascome from winters (and the colder partsof autumn and spring) getting muchwarmer. So that means you really can

tell your children and grandchildren,“Back in my day, Sonny, it was so coldthat my breath froze before it hit theground. You whippersnappers have iteasy.” It’s scientifically proven!

But this pattern of warmer winters hasmore to do with nighttime temperaturesthan daytime highs. Winter in centralMinnesota is still plenty cold, but nightsare less so than they used to be. Forexample according to Bob Weisman’scalculations (he is a Saint Cloud StateUniversity meteorologist), 7 of the top15 winters with the fewest nights belowzero degrees have happened in the last20 years, including last winter. It is alsotrue that one of the top fifteen winterswith the most nights below zero hasalso happened recently (three wintersago), but this is indicative of a change in averages. A few observations go one

way, but most of them go the other.

So what does it matter that winters,especially winter nights, are getting less cold? Lakes and the soil will stillcontinue to freeze, but later in the fall(and they will melt earlier, too) andprobably to a lesser depth. CentralMinnesota used to be considered inUSDA Climate Zone 3, defined by thecoldest nights of the winter generallybeing in the -30s F. However, I havelived in Saint Cloud for 11 winters nowand have only seen one night as cold as-30. We should more accurately think ofour area as Zone 4 now. Warmer andshorter winters with fewer severe coldsnaps are easier for some organisms tosurvive, and with protection we can tryto grow a wider range of plants in ourgarden. Of course, disease and pest

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July 10, Harper’s Chord. Drawing from their love of folk, blues,roots, Americana, and country music, Harper’s Chord captivatesaudiences with strong, three- and four-part harmonies andeasy-listening acoustic songs. Lead vocalist Jill Moore andmusicians Paul Drinkwine, Roger Fink, and Micah Barrett arebusy gracing the stages at Pioneer Place, Great River ArtsCenter, and Summertime by George. The music of Harper’sChord has a grass-roots, back porch, organic feel, offering aneclectic mix of songs that tell stories of personal journeys andlet these diverse musicians showcase their talent.

July 24, Dennis Warner. Recognized for his crafty wit andskillful musicianship, Folk/Americana musician Dennis Warnercaptivates audiences in over 100 cities each year with his smoothvocals and six- and twelve-string guitars. In addition to being a gifted musician, he is an outstanding entertainer, cleverlyblending up-tempo songs, ballads, audience participation,and humor into a memorable concert. He is noted for his warmstage presence and ability to connect with his audience. Forhis songwriting talents, Warner was honored with an invitationto perform in concert at the Kennedy Center for thePerforming Arts in Washington DC.

August 7, Brendon Bushman Woodwind Trio. Saint CloudSymphony Orchestra principal oboe Brendon Bushman andhis woodwind trio (oboe, clarinet, bassoon) will perform aneclectic mix of old and new music for this uncommoninstrumentation.

August 21, Pachanga Society. The Stearns County PachangaSociety (SCPS) combines the participatory musical spirit ofCuban Cabildos, Brazilian Samba clubs, and Spanish Charangas,with danceable rhythms from all over the globe and a certainpsychedelic rock-n-roll ethos. The Saint Cloud Times has calledthe Pachanga Society the “hottest gig in town,” and KVSC-FM’sMinnesota Music expert John Drake chose the group as 2002“Rookie of the Year” on the Minnesota music scene.

Summer16_Layout 1 5/18/16 10:22 AM Page 2

Thursday July 21, 2016, 10:00 am—7:00 pmMunsinger Clemens Gardens

13th St. SE and Kilian Blvd., Saint Cloud MNFree Public Event

Sponsored by Munsinger Clemens Botanical Society

Mark your calendars and plan to attend the 10th Annual ArtFair in the Gardens on Thursday July 21 from 10:00 am to 7:00pm. Shop for high quality artwork for your home and garden:jewelry, weaving, pottery, painting, sculpture, and more. Artistbooths are arranged throughout the Gardens so you can enjoythe flowers while you shop. Food and beverages are availableon site from Erbert & Gerberts, Kettle Licious Kettle Korn, andWestside Liquor. Music will be performed on stage by PushingChain, Cristina Seaborn, and Cathie English. Carlos Quinchewill be performing all day in the upper gardens. (Note to artists:We are always looking for new artists for the Art Fair. If you areinterested, email us at [email protected] more information on how to exhibit at the Art Fair.)

Art Fair PerformersPushing Chain, 11:30 am—1:30 pm

Formed in 2012 by Boyd Blomberg and Adam Moe. The duohas been performing together since 1997, playing Folky-Tonk music featuring Boyd on guitar and vocals and Adamon the fiddle and vocals. Strong songwriting, tight harmonies,and a gonzo approach have been winning fans for PushingChain across the Midwest and beyond.

Cristina Seaborn, 2:30 pm—4:30 pmA violinist and fiddler with over thirty years of experience.In symphonies, quartets, jazz ensembles, and folk/rockbands, Cristina’s musical background includes influences inclassical, jazz, Celtic, bluegrass, and Texas swing fiddle.Expert at fiddling and jazz improvisation, she holds aBachelor of Music degree in jazz violin performance fromBerklee College of Music in Boston, and a Masters inConducting for Orchestra from Saint Cloud State University.She has produced an instructional video for fiddlingthrough Mel Bays entitled “Anyone Can Play Country Fiddle,”CDs entitled “Inside the Heart of a Musician,” and manyarrangements of fiddle music, jazz, Celtic, Scandinavian,Cajun, and original compositions for string orchestra.

Cathie English, 5:00 pm—7:00 pmA folk singer/songwriter who dwells in Central Minnesota.Cathie is a self-taught guitarist who did some performing in college, then put music aside to raise a family. Once the

nest was empty she again found her passion. Cathie hadthe good fortune to find a friend and mentor in Minnesota'sfolk singer/song writer Peter Mayer (blueboat.net) fromwhom she learned the finer points of the AmericanFingerstyle guitar. She can now be found playing at festivalsand a variety of venues throughout Saint Cloud,Minneapolis/Saint Paul, and Northern Minnesota. Cathiereleased her first CD "Mary's Garden" in January 2014.

Carlos Quinche, all day in upper gardensA music artist from Ecuador, South America, who currentlylives in Minnesota. His music ranges from traditionalmelodies from his country to contemporary American.Quinche uses traditional Andean instruments made frombamboo. In some recordings, he uses instruments fromNative American culture.

Music in the GardensJune 12 & 26, July 10 & 24, August 7 & 21, 3:00 pm

Munsinger Gardens, Riverside Drive SE & 13th Street SE

"Music in the Gardens" is a Sunday afternoon concert series inSaint Cloud’s Munsinger Gardens, arranged by MunsingerClemens Botanical Society. Bring a lawn chair and meet at thegazebo down by the Mississippi River to enjoy live music byfavorite local groups. MCBS also sells rootbeer floats for $1.00.Check our website at munsingerclemens.com or our Facebookpage, Munsinger Clemens Botanical Society, for directions andother information about this event or about the Gardens.

Music in the Gardens Players

June 12, Charlie Roth. Americana, Folk, Blues, Country,Celtic—Charlie Roth is a blend of all these genres. He is best attelling a story with his rich baritone vocal, acoustic guitar, rackharmonica, and foot percussion. His fifth album “BrokenGround” reached #6 on the Euro Americana charts andcontinues to get air play all over the world. A consummateshowman, an entertainer with countless gigs under his belt,Charlie has mastered the art of playing and singing from hisheart, exuding the sheer joy of making great music.

June 26, Muggsy Lauer and Monday Night Jazz. They startedout as a bunch of guys getting together every week to let looseand play music they love. They all began playing jazz at ayoung age. The group formed in 2004 when they startedplaying at the former Tavern Bar in downtown Saint Cloud. In 2005 the Tavern closed down and they moved to PioneerPlace. The group is led by Jeff Engholm and Muggsy Lauer.

Tenth Annual Art Fair in the Gardens

organisms are also more likely to survivemilder winters, so this is something of amixed bag.

Shorter and warmer winters will havemany effects on plants and wildlife.Birds will probably migrate away later in the fall and return earlier in the spring.Plants will break dormancy and growsooner following winter. The number offrost-free days will increase, allowing alonger period in summer for farmers togrow food. But we may also have morevery dry conditions in early spring,leading to wildfires that have becomefamiliar in recent years. Moderate towarm temperatures will last later in thefall, which may be welcome to many.

I did say summers are getting warmertoo, though less so than winters. Thisalso manifests itself greatly in terms ofwarmer nights. Summer days that hit100 degrees are still rare, but mid-summer nights are more often in the 60srather than in the 50s. And we alwayshave had the occasional week when itwas tropically hot and humid, but thoseweeks are coming more often and lastinglonger than they used to. I generallydon’t turn the air conditioning on untilit has been hot (upper 80s or higher)and humid for at least three days, but I expect this to happen more often.Tropical dew points (a measure ofhumidity) are becoming more common,whereas the hot days used to comemore often with hot but dry air. Thesetropical episodes are unpleasant tohumans but also stress plants andwildlife, and also encourage plantdiseases that really don’t get going until it is really humid for a long time.So, unfortunately you need to add morefungal diseases to the problem list foryour garden.

The last big change in our climate I would like to discuss is the change in precipitation. The total annualprecipitation in central Minnesota isincreasing over time, and this is alsomixed up in the changes in temperatureand humidity described above. Anincrease in total precipitation over ayear is mostly caused by an increase in rain during the warmer months.Although we frequently have significantamounts of snow during the course ofthe winter, most snow is fluffy anddoesn’t add up to that many inches ofliquid precipitation. When the winter isshorter that means the warmer weatherlasts longer commensurately, and morewarm weather is associated with morerain. (Another factor adding to this isthat warmer winters mean more daysnear freezing, and most snow falls when the temperature is within rangeof 32 degrees.)

This also means that autumn and springwill be wetter in general, because theywill be warmer and perhaps longer.However, a perhaps counterintuitivefeature of this precipitation change isgoing to be that while more liquid maybe falling out of the sky, there is likelygoing to be more droughts in summerand less snow cover in winter. So howwould that work? In winter, warmertemperatures mean that snow coverwill melt more often, in addition to theseason simply being shorter. Also, inseveral years recently the large snowfallhas disproportionately come towardsthe end of the winter, which obviouslymeans it couldn’t have been on theground earlier. In summer, we areexpected to have overall greater rainfall.However, this increase is expected totake the form of more large thunder-storms that dump 1” or more at a time,and warmer temperatures overall

would allow things to dry out more inbetween storms. And more greatthunderstorms means more opportunityfor flooding.

What effects might these precipitationchanges have on plants and wildlife?Less snow cover means foraging iseasier for animals that look for food onthe ground, but other species that areadapted to snowpack as protection maysuffer. Trees and shrubs are probablyless likely to suffer winter injury, butplants dormant at ground level andbelow benefit from snow cover and mayparadoxically have a harder time duringwarmer winters because they are lessprotected. And unfortunately, the entireLaurentian mixed-forest ecosystem thatoccupies northeastern Minnesota willprobably slowly shrink away to thenorth, and be eventually replaced byhabitats now found in this region here.The North Woods is adapted to verycold winters, deep snow and coolsummers, and we are predicting all ofthose will wane in Minnesota.

The climate of Minnesota is changing, as it has many times before during thelong history of the planet. I will notdwell on the causes of these changeshere, but contrary to what you see in the media the scientific consensus thathumans are a major cause is as strong as is the agreement that climate ischanging in the first place. We have ageneral idea of what is going to happenin the future, though there is still muchuncertainty surrounding how strongthese patterns will be, and how fast theywill become established. To a certaindegree, we will need to prepare but also to wait and find out.



by Joan Andersen

Tulips were up everywhere, a rainbow ofcolors in the Gardens the first week of May!

Nia Primus, Gardens Supervisor, has beenbusy hiring seasonal Gardens staff andgetting them through required orientationand training so they can start their jobs. Allnew hires must attend sessions that coverthe regulations for the Saint Cloud CityParks Department, Munsinger ClemensGardens, and City and Parks Departmentsafety and respectful work environment.They also have "Right to Know" trainingthat covers OSHA information andpotential hazards. Next, the new hires willwork alongside experienced seasonal staffas they begin their duties in the Gardens.

Nia and the staff are also finishing up the outside cleanup toget the beds ready for planting. Mulch is removed, perennialsare tidied up, and the roses are pruned. New potted perennialshave been moved outside to get acclimated to the weatherbefore they are planted in their permanent homes. Manycontainers of annuals have been designed and planted andwill grow in the greenhouse for several weeks before beingmoved to their outside locations.

I asked Nia how she keeps track of the 100,000 annuals in the greenhouse. She observed that it was a big change to gofrom growing plants in hoop houses to a spacious greenhouse.She has a system that assigns a number to each table in thegreenhouse—8 rows wide and 6 long rows going back. Sheadmits she is a bit of a control freak because she needs plantsto be on their assigned table to assure that they are in theoptimum place to grow and that she can locate them quicklywhen planting begins.

Nia is entering her fifth year as Gardens Supervisor and shehas learned more every year about the needs of plants. Whenlittle plants are transplanted into their larger pots for growing,the greenhouse is loaded from the back. Care is taken to giveeach type of plant the best space in the greenhouse to make it grow well. Most of the plants going in Munsinger Garden are shade plants so they are grouped on the east side of thegreenhouse where they receive cooler morning sun. Theplants going into sunny Clemens Garden are grouped on thewest side where they receive hot afternoon sun. Some plantslike to be on the dry side, so a special “dry table” is set up toensure that plants like this are not overwatered.

Nia is committed to growing plants and maintaining the Gardens usingthe principles of Integrated PestManagement (IPM). This begins withgrowing a plant in a place suited to it instead of trying to get the plant to adapt to conditions it does not like. Many plant problems can beprevented by growing diseaseresistant varieties in the right location.Plants are monitored frequently forsigns of insects or disease. If treatmentis needed because the damage hasexceeded an acceptable level, thesafest, most environmentally soundaction is used. For example, aphidsoccasionally show up in the green-house and they are washed off with

water instead of using chemicals. Pesticides are used only ifnecessary to remove the targeted pest. The goal is to preservebeneficial insects such as bees and other pollinators.

On another happy note, Nia loves getting up in the morningand going to work. She enjoys the outdoors and the mentaland physical challenge of managing everything. She keepstrack of her steps and always gets over 10,000. The day I talkedto her she had recently logged a day with 19,000 steps; herdaily record is 23,000.

Now the wait begins for the weather—especially the nighttemperatures—to be warm enough to plant. Staff is starting toplant perennials and cold hardy annuals. There are many urnsand planters too heavy to move to the greenhouse that will becreated on site. When the weather looks good, gardeners willplant the warm season annuals and tropical plants. Let theseason—and the color—begin!

by Beth Berlin, University of Minnesota Extension, Guest Writer

Knowing your plant families is important when it comes tocrop rotation and avoiding continuous disease or virus issues,and soil fertility in your vegetable and fruit gardens. Manydiseases and pests will impact multiple crops in the samefamily. It is also critical to know the ornamental and weeds inthe same family as the vegetable and fruit crops, for they canharbor the same problems.

Here is a breakdown of many popular garden crop familiesfollowed by a list of some of the ornamentals and weeds inthe same family:

• Brassicaceae: Crop: horseradish, cabbage, cauliflower,broccoli, kale, Brussel sprouts, turnips, radish, rutabaga, andbok-choi. Ornamentals: alyssum, stock, candytuft. Weeds: shepherd’s-purse, field pennycress.

• Chenopodiaceae: Crop: beet, Swiss chard, spinach. Weeds: lamb’s quarters.

• Cucurbitacea: Crop: cucumbers, melons, squash, pumpkins,and gourds. Ornamental or Weed: None noted.

• Fabaceae: Crop: beans, and peas. Weeds: vetches, clovers,black medic.

• Poaceae: Crop: corn. Ornamental: ornamental grasses.Weeds: brome, wild oats, crabgrass, orchardgrass,quackgrass, foxtail.

Garden Crop FamiliesWhat’s Up in the Gardens

by Joan Andersen

Munsinger Clemens Gardens are the pride of the communityand attract many visitors from our country and around theworld. Visitors sometimes ask who pays for the upkeep of theGardens. There is no fee for admission or parking, which is veryunusual for a public garden. It really takes a partnership of theCity of Saint Cloud and private groups to keep things beautiful.

Recently I spoke with Scott Zlotnik, City Parks Director, abouthow the Gardens are financed. In 2015, the taxpayers of theCity of Saint Cloud contributed $320,000 through propertytaxes. Visitors contributed about $30,000 through the localhotel/motel tax. Rentals, leases, and special events at theGardens brought in revenue of about $19,000. An additional$145,000 was received from private groups including theClemens Family Foundation, Munsinger Clemens BotanicalSociety, Friends of the Gardens, and several other private donors.

A major developmental milestone was the construction of thenew greenhouse after many years of planning. In 2007 roadconstruction and site preparation was completed. In summer

Who Pays for the Gardens and What’s in the Future?2008 the greenhouse was built and it was ready for use for the2009 season.

What is on the future wish list? Scott explained that cities planand budget for projects many years in advance. There is a futuresales tax commitment for capital improvements beginning in2019. This money will be used for repairs and other projectsthat will be determined, such as restoration of some of thetrails in Munsinger. Another potential project would be to add parking in a location by the old greenhouse.

One question that is asked is if the Gardens will ever be madecompletely handicapped accessible. This design change isexpensive and highly regulated and would likely mean a majorchange in the appearance of the park. It would be a longtermproject that would be a significant expense.

Finally, some people ask why there is no admission charge tothe Gardens. This would be another large project since there isno fence and no controlled entry point into the site. There areno plans to change the free admission policy at this time dueto the cost and the desire to keep the park available tocommunity residents.

• Liliaceae: Crop: asparagus, onions, leeks, chives, garlic, andshallot. Ornamentals: tulip, daffodil, hosta, hyacinth, daylily.Weeds: wild garlic and onions.

• Polygonaceae: Crop: rhubarb. Weeds: knotweed, smartweed .

• Rosaceae: Crop: apples, apricots, cherries, pears, plums,strawberries, blackberries, raspberries. Weeds: roses.

• Solanaceae: Crop: peppers, tomatoes, potatoes, andeggplant. Ornamentals: petunia. Weeds: nightshade.

With this knowledge, gardeners should avoid plantingmembers from the same family in succession to reduce diseaseand pest problems. It is also important to remove weeds in thesame family that could be harboring the same problems.Finally there are particular plant families that should not beplanted in succession to other plant families. For example theSolanaceae plants should not be planted after Rosacea plantshave been in that space and vice-versa due to verticillium wiltwhich impacts both families.

Another important reason to know your plant families andperform crop rotation is because certain families tend to beheavy feeders like the Solanaceae and Liliaceae families; whilethe Fabaceae family can actually add nitrogen to the soil.

Knowledge is power, and for gardeners that could mean amore plentiful harvest with less problems during the growingseason by simply knowing the plant families.

To give additional support to Music, ArtFair, or the Gardens, complete the form below and mail to:

MCBS, PO Box 7594, St Cloud MN 56302

Name ________________________________________________________

Address ______________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

Email ________________________________________________________

Event supported __________________________ Amount $ ____________

Or visit our website to give at www.munsingerclemens.com


Thursday July 21, 2016, 10:00 am—7:00 pmMunsinger Clemens Gardens

13th St. SE and Kilian Blvd., Saint Cloud MNFree Public Event

Sponsored by Munsinger Clemens Botanical Society

Mark your calendars and plan to attend the 10th Annual ArtFair in the Gardens on Thursday July 21 from 10:00 am to 7:00pm. Shop for high quality artwork for your home and garden:jewelry, weaving, pottery, painting, sculpture, and more. Artistbooths are arranged throughout the Gardens so you can enjoythe flowers while you shop. Food and beverages are availableon site from Erbert & Gerberts, Kettle Licious Kettle Korn, andWestside Liquor. Music will be performed on stage by PushingChain, Cristina Seaborn, and Cathie English. Carlos Quinchewill be performing all day in the upper gardens. (Note to artists:We are always looking for new artists for the Art Fair. If you areinterested, email us at [email protected] more information on how to exhibit at the Art Fair.)

Art Fair PerformersPushing Chain, 11:30 am—1:30 pm

Formed in 2012 by Boyd Blomberg and Adam Moe. The duohas been performing together since 1997, playing Folky-Tonk music featuring Boyd on guitar and vocals and Adamon the fiddle and vocals. Strong songwriting, tight harmonies,and a gonzo approach have been winning fans for PushingChain across the Midwest and beyond.

Cristina Seaborn, 2:30 pm—4:30 pmA violinist and fiddler with over thirty years of experience.In symphonies, quartets, jazz ensembles, and folk/rockbands, Cristina’s musical background includes influences inclassical, jazz, Celtic, bluegrass, and Texas swing fiddle.Expert at fiddling and jazz improvisation, she holds aBachelor of Music degree in jazz violin performance fromBerklee College of Music in Boston, and a Masters inConducting for Orchestra from Saint Cloud State University.She has produced an instructional video for fiddlingthrough Mel Bays entitled “Anyone Can Play Country Fiddle,”CDs entitled “Inside the Heart of a Musician,” and manyarrangements of fiddle music, jazz, Celtic, Scandinavian,Cajun, and original compositions for string orchestra.

Cathie English, 5:00 pm—7:00 pmA folk singer/songwriter who dwells in Central Minnesota.Cathie is a self-taught guitarist who did some performing in college, then put music aside to raise a family. Once the

nest was empty she again found her passion. Cathie hadthe good fortune to find a friend and mentor in Minnesota'sfolk singer/song writer Peter Mayer (blueboat.net) fromwhom she learned the finer points of the AmericanFingerstyle guitar. She can now be found playing at festivalsand a variety of venues throughout Saint Cloud,Minneapolis/Saint Paul, and Northern Minnesota. Cathiereleased her first CD "Mary's Garden" in January 2014.

Carlos Quinche, all day in upper gardensA music artist from Ecuador, South America, who currentlylives in Minnesota. His music ranges from traditionalmelodies from his country to contemporary American.Quinche uses traditional Andean instruments made frombamboo. In some recordings, he uses instruments fromNative American culture.

Music in the GardensJune 12 & 26, July 10 & 24, August 7 & 21, 3:00 pm

Munsinger Gardens, Riverside Drive SE & 13th Street SE

"Music in the Gardens" is a Sunday afternoon concert series inSaint Cloud’s Munsinger Gardens, arranged by MunsingerClemens Botanical Society. Bring a lawn chair and meet at thegazebo down by the Mississippi River to enjoy live music byfavorite local groups. MCBS also sells rootbeer floats for $1.00.Check our website at munsingerclemens.com or our Facebookpage, Munsinger Clemens Botanical Society, for directions andother information about this event or about the Gardens.

Music in the Gardens Players

June 12, Charlie Roth. Americana, Folk, Blues, Country,Celtic—Charlie Roth is a blend of all these genres. He is best attelling a story with his rich baritone vocal, acoustic guitar, rackharmonica, and foot percussion. His fifth album “BrokenGround” reached #6 on the Euro Americana charts andcontinues to get air play all over the world. A consummateshowman, an entertainer with countless gigs under his belt,Charlie has mastered the art of playing and singing from hisheart, exuding the sheer joy of making great music.

June 26, Muggsy Lauer and Monday Night Jazz. They startedout as a bunch of guys getting together every week to let looseand play music they love. They all began playing jazz at ayoung age. The group formed in 2004 when they startedplaying at the former Tavern Bar in downtown Saint Cloud. In 2005 the Tavern closed down and they moved to PioneerPlace. The group is led by Jeff Engholm and Muggsy Lauer.

Tenth Annual Art Fair in the Gardens

organisms are also more likely to survivemilder winters, so this is something of amixed bag.

Shorter and warmer winters will havemany effects on plants and wildlife.Birds will probably migrate away later in the fall and return earlier in the spring.Plants will break dormancy and growsooner following winter. The number offrost-free days will increase, allowing alonger period in summer for farmers togrow food. But we may also have morevery dry conditions in early spring,leading to wildfires that have becomefamiliar in recent years. Moderate towarm temperatures will last later in thefall, which may be welcome to many.

I did say summers are getting warmertoo, though less so than winters. Thisalso manifests itself greatly in terms ofwarmer nights. Summer days that hit100 degrees are still rare, but mid-summer nights are more often in the 60srather than in the 50s. And we alwayshave had the occasional week when itwas tropically hot and humid, but thoseweeks are coming more often and lastinglonger than they used to. I generallydon’t turn the air conditioning on untilit has been hot (upper 80s or higher)and humid for at least three days, but I expect this to happen more often.Tropical dew points (a measure ofhumidity) are becoming more common,whereas the hot days used to comemore often with hot but dry air. Thesetropical episodes are unpleasant tohumans but also stress plants andwildlife, and also encourage plantdiseases that really don’t get going until it is really humid for a long time.So, unfortunately you need to add morefungal diseases to the problem list foryour garden.

The last big change in our climate I would like to discuss is the change in precipitation. The total annualprecipitation in central Minnesota isincreasing over time, and this is alsomixed up in the changes in temperatureand humidity described above. Anincrease in total precipitation over ayear is mostly caused by an increase in rain during the warmer months.Although we frequently have significantamounts of snow during the course ofthe winter, most snow is fluffy anddoesn’t add up to that many inches ofliquid precipitation. When the winter isshorter that means the warmer weatherlasts longer commensurately, and morewarm weather is associated with morerain. (Another factor adding to this isthat warmer winters mean more daysnear freezing, and most snow falls when the temperature is within rangeof 32 degrees.)

This also means that autumn and springwill be wetter in general, because theywill be warmer and perhaps longer.However, a perhaps counterintuitivefeature of this precipitation change isgoing to be that while more liquid maybe falling out of the sky, there is likelygoing to be more droughts in summerand less snow cover in winter. So howwould that work? In winter, warmertemperatures mean that snow coverwill melt more often, in addition to theseason simply being shorter. Also, inseveral years recently the large snowfallhas disproportionately come towardsthe end of the winter, which obviouslymeans it couldn’t have been on theground earlier. In summer, we areexpected to have overall greater rainfall.However, this increase is expected totake the form of more large thunder-storms that dump 1” or more at a time,and warmer temperatures overall

would allow things to dry out more inbetween storms. And more greatthunderstorms means more opportunityfor flooding.

What effects might these precipitationchanges have on plants and wildlife?Less snow cover means foraging iseasier for animals that look for food onthe ground, but other species that areadapted to snowpack as protection maysuffer. Trees and shrubs are probablyless likely to suffer winter injury, butplants dormant at ground level andbelow benefit from snow cover and mayparadoxically have a harder time duringwarmer winters because they are lessprotected. And unfortunately, the entireLaurentian mixed-forest ecosystem thatoccupies northeastern Minnesota willprobably slowly shrink away to thenorth, and be eventually replaced byhabitats now found in this region here.The North Woods is adapted to verycold winters, deep snow and coolsummers, and we are predicting all ofthose will wane in Minnesota.

The climate of Minnesota is changing, as it has many times before during thelong history of the planet. I will notdwell on the causes of these changeshere, but contrary to what you see in the media the scientific consensus thathumans are a major cause is as strong as is the agreement that climate ischanging in the first place. We have ageneral idea of what is going to happenin the future, though there is still muchuncertainty surrounding how strongthese patterns will be, and how fast theywill become established. To a certaindegree, we will need to prepare but also to wait and find out.



Butterfly Release, July 24The 5th Annual Memorial Butterfly Release will take placein Munsinger Gardens on Sunday July 24, 2:00-3:00 pm.As a symbol of transformation and hope, the butterflybrings joy in remembrance of loved ones. The releaseevent is sponsored by Quiet Oaks Hospice House andRespite Care (www.quietoakshospicehouse.org). TheMunsinger Clemens Music in the Gardens concert withDennis Warner will follow at 3:00 pm.

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The marigold is an ancient flower.Stephen Buchmann, in his book TheReason for Flowers, tells us that in pre-Hispanic Mexico the Aztecs cultivatedand planted them in their pleasuregardens. Their poetry praised anddescribed the marigold, along withdahlias, tube roses, zinnias, and otherblossoms. In their capital, Tenochtitlan,the island city in the middle of formerLake Texococo, site of modern MexicoCity, ancient Aztecs constructed urbangardens for commoners as well as forAztec nobility. The Aztec expert gardenerscultivated double-flowering marigolds.

The marigold is a sacred flower. In Mexicoit has been associated with death. AncientAztecs used a powder of marigold as ahallucinogen numbing chemical so thathuman sacrificial victims would notrealize what was happening to them.They believed that the souls of people

who died journeyed for seven years toand from the afterworld looking for food.This was required so that the dead couldrest. Each year their souls returned fromthe afterworld to the land of the living.As they traveled they dropped marigoldsto mark the trail they would take thefollowing year. Today in Mexico, onOctober 31 to November 2, the ancientritual is relived in the celebration of Diade Muertos, the Day of the Dead. Hugealtars are set up with food and drink fordeceased members of the household.To attract the spirits of the dead, marigoldsare spread on the altar, along pathways,and in graveyards. Mexicans visit theirloved ones’ graves and bring offerings.The main offering is the marigold, Flordel Muerto, Flower of the Dead.

You may not share the Mexicanconnection between marigolds anddeath. Rather, why not let your inner

poet see the marigold as a metaphor.Shakespeare’s Perdita offers flowers thatcorrespond to life span:

The marigold, that goes to bed wi’the sunAnd with him rises weeping. Theseare flowersOf middle summer, and I think theyare givenTo men of middle age.

— The Winter’s Tale (4.4.122-7)

And Robert Graves compares “theconstant marigold” with love:

New beginnings and new shootsSpring again from hidden roots.Pull or stab or cut or burn,Love must ever yet return.

—“Marigolds”

The word “behold” comes from OldEnglish bihaldan, “to hold thoroughly.”Behold the marigold. Hold it thoroughly.See what you can see.

Behold the Marigold, continued from page 1

Photography in the Gardens

Prizes$100 Best of Show$50 1st place Adult winner in each category$20 2nd place Adult winner in each category$10 3rd place Adult winner in each category$50 1st place Youth-18 winner in each category$20 2nd place Youth-18 winner in each category$10 3rd place Youth-18 winner in each categoryAll winners will receive Award Certificates.

CategoriesLandscapes (garden scenery)Hardscapes (decorative features in the Gardens)1st, 2nd, and 3rd place winners will be chosen from bothage groups and each category.Any visitor to the Gardens is eligible to enter.

Submission Fee$10 for adults per photo$5 for youth-18 per photoMaximum of 3 entries per photographer.

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Rules• Tripods may be used.• Photos will be returned to photographer.• Photographer retains copyright of photo.• Use of the photo is granted to MCBS and credit

will be given to photographer.• Contest allows for only normal manipulation of an image.

Entries DueNovember 4, 2016 from 4:30 to 6:30 p.m.November 5, 2016 from 10:00 a.m. to 2:00 p.m.at the Lake George Municipal Complex1101 7th Street South, St. Cloud, MNWinners will be notified.

Download the entry form from our websitewww.munsingerclemens.com

Photography AwardsNovember 19, 2016, 3:00 p.m., public reception at the SaintCloud Public Library to present awards. Gallery will open at2:30 p.m.

November 15, 2015 — November 4, 2016


The overwhelming scientific consensus,which I am a part of as a biologyprofessor, is that the climate is currentlychanging and in fact changing morerapidly than usual. The rest of this articleis to be devoted to the ways that theclimate in our region is changing, withsome comments on what effects this iscurrently having (and will continue tohave) on gardens, plants, and wildlife.

One major and well-publicized way that the observed climate of the upperMidwest is changing is that things aregetting warmer. However, this isn’tsomething that is evenly spread throughthe seasons. Summers have gotten alittle warmer on average during recentdecades, but most of the warming hascome from winters (and the colder partsof autumn and spring) getting muchwarmer. So that means you really can

tell your children and grandchildren,“Back in my day, Sonny, it was so coldthat my breath froze before it hit theground. You whippersnappers have iteasy.” It’s scientifically proven!

But this pattern of warmer winters hasmore to do with nighttime temperaturesthan daytime highs. Winter in centralMinnesota is still plenty cold, but nightsare less so than they used to be. Forexample according to Bob Weisman’scalculations (he is a Saint Cloud StateUniversity meteorologist), 7 of the top15 winters with the fewest nights belowzero degrees have happened in the last20 years, including last winter. It is alsotrue that one of the top fifteen winterswith the most nights below zero hasalso happened recently (three wintersago), but this is indicative of a change in averages. A few observations go one

way, but most of them go the other.

So what does it matter that winters,especially winter nights, are getting less cold? Lakes and the soil will stillcontinue to freeze, but later in the fall(and they will melt earlier, too) andprobably to a lesser depth. CentralMinnesota used to be considered inUSDA Climate Zone 3, defined by thecoldest nights of the winter generallybeing in the -30s F. However, I havelived in Saint Cloud for 11 winters nowand have only seen one night as cold as-30. We should more accurately think ofour area as Zone 4 now. Warmer andshorter winters with fewer severe coldsnaps are easier for some organisms tosurvive, and with protection we can tryto grow a wider range of plants in ourgarden. Of course, disease and pest

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July 10, Harper’s Chord. Drawing from their love of folk, blues,roots, Americana, and country music, Harper’s Chord captivatesaudiences with strong, three- and four-part harmonies andeasy-listening acoustic songs. Lead vocalist Jill Moore andmusicians Paul Drinkwine, Roger Fink, and Micah Barrett arebusy gracing the stages at Pioneer Place, Great River ArtsCenter, and Summertime by George. The music of Harper’sChord has a grass-roots, back porch, organic feel, offering aneclectic mix of songs that tell stories of personal journeys andlet these diverse musicians showcase their talent.

July 24, Dennis Warner. Recognized for his crafty wit andskillful musicianship, Folk/Americana musician Dennis Warnercaptivates audiences in over 100 cities each year with his smoothvocals and six- and twelve-string guitars. In addition to being a gifted musician, he is an outstanding entertainer, cleverlyblending up-tempo songs, ballads, audience participation,and humor into a memorable concert. He is noted for his warmstage presence and ability to connect with his audience. Forhis songwriting talents, Warner was honored with an invitationto perform in concert at the Kennedy Center for thePerforming Arts in Washington DC.

August 7, Brendon Bushman Woodwind Trio. Saint CloudSymphony Orchestra principal oboe Brendon Bushman andhis woodwind trio (oboe, clarinet, bassoon) will perform aneclectic mix of old and new music for this uncommoninstrumentation.

August 21, Pachanga Society. The Stearns County PachangaSociety (SCPS) combines the participatory musical spirit ofCuban Cabildos, Brazilian Samba clubs, and Spanish Charangas,with danceable rhythms from all over the globe and a certainpsychedelic rock-n-roll ethos. The Saint Cloud Times has calledthe Pachanga Society the “hottest gig in town,” and KVSC-FM’sMinnesota Music expert John Drake chose the group as 2002“Rookie of the Year” on the Minnesota music scene.


Volume XVII |No 2Summer 2016

In this IssueBehold the Marigold..........................................1-2

Ch-ch-ch-ch-ch-Changes..............................1-3

What’s Up in the Garden......................................4

Garden Crop Families............................................5

Who Pays for the Gardensand What’s in the Future?....................................5

Tenth Annual Art Fair in the Gardens..........6

Music in the Gardens........................................6-7

Butterfly Release......................................................7

Photography in the Garden....................................7-back cover

Co-ChairsJoan Andersen

Jill Florek

Mary Margaret BjorklunSam CalvertElaine CarterWilliam CookChris Felsch

Donna GorrellJack Kelly

Nia PrimusAnne PrzybillaBruce Regan

MCBS newsletter is published four times a year. The next issue

will be in August. Articles and comments are welcomed.

Membership [email protected]

Coordinator & EditorDonna Gorrell • 252-8834

[email protected]

Layout & DesignJill Lucas Design • 743-4471

[email protected]

www.MunsingerClemens.com

Behold the Marigoldby Idella Moberg

Beauty is in the eye of the beholder.Look at the marigold for example.Marigolds are ubiquitous. They groweverywhere. A gardener may see themarigold as easy to grow in the gardenand that its blooms are bright andcheerful whether among vegetables orin a flower bed. A practical person willnotice how useful it can be. The marigoldis an ancient flower. It is a sacred flower.It’s an inspiration for poets. Who you areinfluences what you see.

Marigolds are ubiquitous. They areindigenous to Mexico and South America.Following the Spanish conquest ofMexico in the 16th century, Spanish andPortuguese explorers brought them to Europe and Africa and India. Noweverywhere you turn you’ll see them.Marigolds are so common it is easy totake them for granted. What an ordinaryflower the marigold has become, after it has traveled so far in time and space,only to land itself next to Grandma’s

lettuce, standing guard against bugsand rabbits. If you are a person whosees marigolds as being so ordinary thatthey are not really worthwhile, stop tothink why they’ve become so popular.

Marigolds are easy to grow. They likesunshine and good drainage. You canignore them and they don’t seem tomind. They aren’t particularly thirsty, orneedy for fertilizer. Marigolds are easy togrow from seed. They bloom all summerlong, intense orange and red and yellowflowers. When all other flowers havefinished blooming, marigolds continue

to provide color to the garden, far intopre-winter, when the days diminish intodarkness all too early and the nights lastall too long. Marigolds, with their sunnyblossoms, are cheerful easy-goingadditions to any garden. If you likeflowers that are easy to grow, you’llappreciate marigolds.

Perhaps you like useful plants. Amongvegetables, marigold odor repels bugslike mosquitoes and gnats, and it attractsother insects that eat bad bugs. Marigoldsattract bees that pollinate vegetableflowers. Next to your lettuce they maykeep the rabbits away. They are goodcompanion plants for tomato, eggplant,chili pepper, tobacco, and potato.Marigolds are cultivated to make dye for clothing, flavoring for food, essentialoils, and medicines. Their petals are fedto chickens to make egg yolks a beautifulorange color. Marigolds are used to makeperfume for lovers and incense for theshamans. It’s an ingredient in drinks andan additive to tobacco. As an oil, extractof marigold is used for massage.

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LIKE our Facebook page at Munsinger Clemens Botanical SocietyAre you looking for more photos and up-to-date information on the Gardens andour events? We are making it easy by posting all the news on Facebook so you canfind out what is happening and share that information with your friends. We hopeyou will help us—tell everyone how great our Gardens are!

Ch-ch-ch-ch-ch-changesby William M. Cook

Everyone knows that the weatherchanges. As you read this, the weatheris probably turning from spring tosummer. However, it is increasinglyimportant for anyone who cares aboutgardens, plants, wildlife, and manyother things to also understand theways that our climate is changing too.

A couple of quick definitions first. Thinkof weather as day-to-day changes inatmospheric conditions; is it rainy,

sunny, a little warmer, a lot colder thanthe day before? Climate is much moreabout averages—how weather changesnot from day to day, but from season to season and especially over longerperiods of time. Climate questionscould include whether droughts aremore common than they used to be,whether spring is coming earlier or lateron average, or if winters are in generalcolder or warmer than they have been.

Photography Displays, 2015 WinnersJune ........................US Bank, 1015 W. Saint Germain

July (6/29-7/29) ...Paramount Theatre, 913 W. Saint Germain

August-Sept. .......Saint Cloud Medical Group, 251 County Rd. 120

October..................Waite Park Library, 253 Fifth Ave. N., Waite Park

November .............Saint Cloud Public Library, 1300 W. Saint Germain

Winning photos can also be seen at www.munsingerclemens.com.

Call for VolunteersWant to help serve rootbeer floats at one or more of our 2016 summer concerts inMunsinger Garden?

Contact Elaine Carter at (320) 253-6143 or [email protected] to be added toour volunteer list.


behold the marigold - munsinger clemens...needy for fertilizer. marigolds are easy to grow from...

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