being strategic in science communication
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Being Strategic in Science Communication](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070600/58a037bb1a28ab5d2e8b5c1f/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Thinking about objectives and goals for science communicationJohn C. Besley, Ph.D. (Twitter: @johnbesley)Ellis N. Brandt ChairCollege of Communication Arts and Sciences
This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF, Grant AISL 14241214-421723. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the NSF.
![Page 2: Being Strategic in Science Communication](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070600/58a037bb1a28ab5d2e8b5c1f/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
My objectives1. You will think about engagement as a strategic
act that involves purposeful choice of long-term goals and intermediate objectives.
2. You will think about engagement tactics and skills in terms of whether they can help you achieve your intermediate objectives.
![Page 3: Being Strategic in Science Communication](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070600/58a037bb1a28ab5d2e8b5c1f/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Engagement is …
Face-to-face
Direct w/policy-makers
Online
Mediated
![Page 4: Being Strategic in Science Communication](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070600/58a037bb1a28ab5d2e8b5c1f/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Numbers vary … but scientists clearly engage
• 63% interacted with a journalist in last yearDunwoody and Ryan, 1985
• 70% interacted with a journalist in last 3 yearsPeters, Brossard, de Cheveigné, Dunwoody, 2008
• 51% have ever interacted with journalistAAAS 2015
• 33% engaged directly with policy-makersRoyal Society 2006
• 24% blogged about scienceAAAS 2015
• 13% worked with a science center/museumRoyal Society 2006
*All work done collaboratively with Anthony Dudo, U. Texas
![Page 5: Being Strategic in Science Communication](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070600/58a037bb1a28ab5d2e8b5c1f/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
5
Our new survey data: U.S.-Based Scientific Societies
Type of society N Rate n* Avg. Age Male White
General 1,257 8% 1,064 62 69% 90%
Microbiology* 1,111 14% 634** 53 54% 60%
Geophysical 1,013 10% 877** 50 65% 89%
Geological 2,304 10% 666 50 67% 92%
Chemical# 1,257 5% 374** 51 68% 86%
Ecological 732 11% 339 53 60% 93%
Biochemistry (TBD)
Social Science (TBD)
Sci. Comm. Experts (TBD)* Respondents who are university affiliated and not a student and all societies except the ecological society received 4 contacts (they received 3 contacts), **Sample for some reported questions smaller because of sample splitting by engagement mode, # Survey still in progress
This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF, Grant AISL 14241214-421723. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the NSF.
![Page 6: Being Strategic in Science Communication](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070600/58a037bb1a28ab5d2e8b5c1f/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
6
Past Engagement previous 12 months (never) …
Type of society F2F News Online Policy
General 34% 45% 59% 58%
Microbiology 41% 54% 51% 70%
Geophysical 26% 38% 47% 59%
Geological 21% 41% 51% 62%
Chemical (TBD) 40% 62% 60% 77%
Ecological (TBD) 26% 38% 47% 59%
0.00-9.99
10.00-19.99
20.00-29.99
30.00-39.99
40.00-49.99
50.00-59.99
60.00-69.99
70.00-79.99
80.00-89.99
90.00-100.00 %
Many U.S. scientists engage, especially
face-to-face
![Page 7: Being Strategic in Science Communication](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070600/58a037bb1a28ab5d2e8b5c1f/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
7
Willingness to engage …
Type of society F2F Policy News Online
General 5.63 5.25 5.14 3.98Microbiology 5.81 5.32 5.05 4.57Geophysical 5.97 5.43 5.46 4.62Geological 5.97 5.17 5.23 4.25Chemical 5.38 4.64 4.58 4.20
Ecological 6.02 5.63 5.54 4.55
1.00-1.49
1.50-1.99
2.00-2.49
2.50-2.99
3.00-3.49
3.50-3.99
4.00-4.49
4.50-4.99
5.00-5.49
5.50-5.99
6.00-6.49
6.50-7.00
Typical SE is between .05 and .08Scientists want to engage, especially face-to-face and
with policy makers
Strongly Disagree Strongly Agree
![Page 8: Being Strategic in Science Communication](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070600/58a037bb1a28ab5d2e8b5c1f/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
8
Societal goals (for Face-to-Face engagement) …
Type of society Use Evidence
Culture Values
Better Personal
Research Funding
STEM Careers
Diversify STEM
General 6.34 6.15 5.59 5.52 5.29 5.05Microbiology 6.38 6.31 5.80 5.78 5.46 5.22Geophysical 6.40 6.06 5.50 5.00 5.03 5.08Geological 6.35 6.09 5.66 5.15 5.41 5.00Chemical (TBD) 6.11 6.18 5.62 5.51 5.28 5.03
Ecological (TBD) 6.54 6.04 5.76 5.09 5.07 5.26• Getting policy makers to use scientific evidence• Helping ensure our culture values science• Helping people use science to make better personal
decisions• Obtaining adequate funding for scientific research• Getting more young people to choose scientific
careers• Helping to diversify the STEM workforce
![Page 9: Being Strategic in Science Communication](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070600/58a037bb1a28ab5d2e8b5c1f/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
9
Societal goals (for Face-to-Face engagement) …
Type of society Use Evidence
Value Science
Better Personal
Research Funding
STEM Careers
Diversify STEM
General 6.34 6.15 5.59 5.52 5.29 5.05Microbiology 6.38 6.31 5.80 5.78 5.46 5.22Geophysical 6.40 6.06 5.50 5.00 5.03 5.08Geological 6.35 6.09 5.66 5.15 5.41 5.00Chemical 6.11 6.18 5.62 5.51 5.28 5.03
Ecological 6.54 6.04 5.76 5.09 5.07 5.26
1.00-1.49
1.50-1.99
2.00-2.49
2.50-2.99
3.00-3.49
3.50-3.99
4.00-4.49
4.50-4.99
5.00-5.49
5.50-5.99
6.00-6.49
6.50-7.00
Typical SE is between .05 and .08Scientists most want others to draw on evidence and
value science culture
Strongly Disagree Strongly Agree
Very similar results for other modalities (i.e. online,
media), when available
![Page 10: Being Strategic in Science Communication](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070600/58a037bb1a28ab5d2e8b5c1f/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
What happens if you get really good at communicating the wrong stuff?
I don’t mean bad content…
![Page 11: Being Strategic in Science Communication](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070600/58a037bb1a28ab5d2e8b5c1f/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Most science communication training …• Focuses on writing/speaking skills• Focuses on honing YOUR message• Understanding media/political norms• Focuses on learning to use technology
![Page 12: Being Strategic in Science Communication](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070600/58a037bb1a28ab5d2e8b5c1f/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
What does it mean to be an “effective” communicator?
![Page 13: Being Strategic in Science Communication](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070600/58a037bb1a28ab5d2e8b5c1f/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
In strategic communication: Effective = Achieving Your Goals
![Page 14: Being Strategic in Science Communication](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070600/58a037bb1a28ab5d2e8b5c1f/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
What do scientists want to ULTIMATELY achieve through public engagement?
(Write it down)
![Page 15: Being Strategic in Science Communication](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070600/58a037bb1a28ab5d2e8b5c1f/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
How many of you wrote:• Raise awareness of XYX topic• Teach people about XYZ topic• Correct myths about XYZ topic
• Get people interested in XYZ topic• Build positive image of science
• Get people to think about XYZ topic in a new way
The may be good things … but I do not think of them as ULTIMATE goals …• Key question: Why do you
want to “raise awareness,” etc.
![Page 16: Being Strategic in Science Communication](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070600/58a037bb1a28ab5d2e8b5c1f/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
How many of you wrote:• Seek a specific policy position (e.g. climate action)
• Seek more funding for science• Seek more freedom for scientific endeavors
• Make the world healthier, wealthier, and wiser• Promote science as a career*
To me … these are the ULTIMATE goals(*this may be an intermediate objective)
![Page 17: Being Strategic in Science Communication](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070600/58a037bb1a28ab5d2e8b5c1f/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
17
Objective Prioritization (for Face-to-Face engagement) …
Very similar results for mediated, and online engagement
Type of society
Inform/Educate
Interest/Excite
DefendScience
Show caring
Show openness
Frame Issue
Show Values
Hear Others
Show Expert
General 6.21 5.99 5.77 5.73 5.50 5.30 5.33 5.16 4.86Microbiology 6.27 6.01 6.03 5.78 5.47 5.38 5.37 5.23 4.97Geophysical 6.20 5.86 5.58 5.45 5.36 5.22 4.99 4.88 4.69Geological 6.19 5.93 5.91 5.57 5.40 5.15 5.15 4.88 4.91Chemical 6.15 5.70 5.85 5.64 5.51 5.14 5.30 5.00 4.90
Ecological 6.03 5.97 5.44 5.33 5.07 4.98 5.33 4.96 4.31
• Helping to inform people about scientific issues• Getting people interested or excited about
science• Defending science from those who spread
falsehoods• Showing that the scientific community cares
about society's well-being• Demonstrating the scientific community's
openness and transparency• Framing research implications so members of the
public think about a topic in a way that resonates with their values
• Showing that scientists share community values• Hearing what others think about scientific issues• Showing the scientific community's expertise
![Page 18: Being Strategic in Science Communication](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070600/58a037bb1a28ab5d2e8b5c1f/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
18
Objective Prioritization (for Face-to-Face engagement) …
Type of society
Inform/Educate
Interest/Excite
Defendscience
Show caring
Show openness
Frame issue
Show values
Hear others
Show expert
General 6.21 5.99 5.77 5.73 5.50 5.30 5.33 5.16 4.86Microbiology 6.27 6.01 6.03 5.78 5.47 5.38 5.37 5.23 4.97Geophysical 6.20 5.86 5.58 5.45 5.36 5.22 4.99 4.88 4.69Geological 6.19 5.93 5.91 5.57 5.40 5.15 5.15 4.88 4.91Chemical 6.15 5.70 5.85 5.64 5.51 5.14 5.30 5.00 4.90
Ecological 6.03 5.97 5.44 5.33 5.07 4.98 5.33 4.96 4.31
1.00-1.49
1.50-1.99
2.00-2.49
2.50-2.99
3.00-3.49
3.50-3.99
4.00-4.49
4.50-4.99
5.00-5.49
5.50-5.99
6.00-6.49
6.50-7.00
Typical SE is between .05 and .08
Strongly Disagree Strongly Agree
BUT scientists love the ‘literacy’ objective …
![Page 19: Being Strategic in Science Communication](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070600/58a037bb1a28ab5d2e8b5c1f/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Tactics, objectives, and goals
*Work done collaboratively with Anthony Dudo, U. Texas
Scientists may/should also have personal
goals (enhance career and sense of impact)
Channels provide different
“affordances”
Not every objective is
equally effective …
![Page 20: Being Strategic in Science Communication](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070600/58a037bb1a28ab5d2e8b5c1f/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Objective: Increase science literacy/awareness
It is true that science literacy is
low, low, low
![Page 21: Being Strategic in Science Communication](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070600/58a037bb1a28ab5d2e8b5c1f/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Objective: Increase science literacy/awareness
Also true that nobody knows
much about much
![Page 22: Being Strategic in Science Communication](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070600/58a037bb1a28ab5d2e8b5c1f/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Objective: Increase science literacy/awareness
Knowledge has only small impact
on attitudes
![Page 23: Being Strategic in Science Communication](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070600/58a037bb1a28ab5d2e8b5c1f/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Objective: Increase science literacy/awareness
![Page 24: Being Strategic in Science Communication](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070600/58a037bb1a28ab5d2e8b5c1f/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Objective: Increase science literacy …
Knowledge has only limited impact
on attitudes
![Page 25: Being Strategic in Science Communication](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070600/58a037bb1a28ab5d2e8b5c1f/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Objective: Increase science literacy/awareness
Also lots of ‘information provision’
experiments
![Page 26: Being Strategic in Science Communication](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070600/58a037bb1a28ab5d2e8b5c1f/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
SHARING knowledge will always be a central part of science communication
(But …)
![Page 27: Being Strategic in Science Communication](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070600/58a037bb1a28ab5d2e8b5c1f/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Tactics, objectives, and goals
*Work done collaboratively with Anthony Dudo, U. Texas
If not just knowledge, what
else can we focus on?
![Page 28: Being Strategic in Science Communication](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070600/58a037bb1a28ab5d2e8b5c1f/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
A few thoughts about ethics
![Page 29: Being Strategic in Science Communication](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070600/58a037bb1a28ab5d2e8b5c1f/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Objective: Build positive views about science/scientists
Those involved in science have
a generally positive image?
2013 Harris poll on views about professions
![Page 30: Being Strategic in Science Communication](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070600/58a037bb1a28ab5d2e8b5c1f/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Objective: Build positive views about science/scientists
Those involved in science have
a generally positive image?
![Page 31: Being Strategic in Science Communication](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070600/58a037bb1a28ab5d2e8b5c1f/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Objective: Build positive views about science/scientists
Those involved in science have
a generally positive image?
![Page 32: Being Strategic in Science Communication](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070600/58a037bb1a28ab5d2e8b5c1f/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Objective: Build positive views about science/scientists
But there’s a catch …You’re seen
as competent but cold
![Page 33: Being Strategic in Science Communication](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070600/58a037bb1a28ab5d2e8b5c1f/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
33
Objective Prioritization (for Face-to-Face engagement) …
Type of society
Inform/Educate
Interest/Excite
Defendscience
Show caring
Show openness
Frame issue
Show values
Hear others
Show expert
General 6.21 5.99 5.77 5.73 5.50 5.30 5.33 5.16 4.86Microbiology 6.27 6.01 6.03 5.78 5.47 5.38 5.37 5.23 4.97Geophysical 6.20 5.86 5.58 5.45 5.36 5.22 4.99 4.88 4.69Geological 6.19 5.93 5.91 5.57 5.40 5.15 5.15 4.88 4.91Chemical 6.15 5.70 5.85 5.64 5.51 5.14 5.30 5.00 4.90
Ecological 6.03 5.97 5.44 5.33 5.07 4.98 5.33 4.96 4.31
1.00-1.49
1.50-1.99
2.00-2.49
2.50-2.99
3.00-3.49
3.50-3.99
4.00-4.49
4.50-4.99
5.00-5.49
5.50-5.99
6.00-6.49
6.50-7.00
Typical SE is between .05 and .08
Strongly Disagree Strongly Agree
BUT scientists love the ‘literacy’ objective …
![Page 34: Being Strategic in Science Communication](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070600/58a037bb1a28ab5d2e8b5c1f/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
If warmth is so important, how can scientists be seen as more warm
![Page 35: Being Strategic in Science Communication](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070600/58a037bb1a28ab5d2e8b5c1f/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Face-to-face
Direct w/policy-makers
Online
Mediated
Public Engagement = Positive Public Interaction
![Page 36: Being Strategic in Science Communication](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070600/58a037bb1a28ab5d2e8b5c1f/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
I have questions about the impact of these …
(Research in progress)
![Page 37: Being Strategic in Science Communication](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070600/58a037bb1a28ab5d2e8b5c1f/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
And these too…(Research in progress)
Funny and/or cathartic
Equal effective communication
![Page 38: Being Strategic in Science Communication](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070600/58a037bb1a28ab5d2e8b5c1f/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
And these too…(Research in progress)
![Page 39: Being Strategic in Science Communication](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070600/58a037bb1a28ab5d2e8b5c1f/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Tactics, objectives, and goals
*Work done collaboratively with Anthony Dudo, U. Texas
If not just knowledge, what
else can we focus on?
![Page 40: Being Strategic in Science Communication](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070600/58a037bb1a28ab5d2e8b5c1f/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Tversksy, A., & Kahneman, D. (1981). The framing of decisions and the psychology of choice. Science, 211, 453-458.
Classic work on heuristics …
![Page 41: Being Strategic in Science Communication](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070600/58a037bb1a28ab5d2e8b5c1f/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Tversksy, A., & Kahneman, D. (1981). The framing of decisions and the psychology of choice. Science, 211, 453-458.
![Page 42: Being Strategic in Science Communication](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070600/58a037bb1a28ab5d2e8b5c1f/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
“Frames are interpretive storylines that set a specific train of thought in motion, communicating why an issue might be a problem, who or what might be responsible for it, and what should be done about it.”
Objective: Put issue in new context (frame)
Nisbet, Matthew C. 2010. "Framing science: A new paradigm in public engagement." In Communicating Science: New Agendas in Communication, edited by L. A. Kahlor and P.
A. Stout, 40-67.
![Page 43: Being Strategic in Science Communication](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070600/58a037bb1a28ab5d2e8b5c1f/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
http://sfa.frameworksinstitute.org/
Objective: Put issue in new context (frame)
![Page 44: Being Strategic in Science Communication](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070600/58a037bb1a28ab5d2e8b5c1f/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
“Frames are interpretive storylines that set a specific train of thought in motion, communicating why an issue might be a problem, who or what might be responsible for it, and what should be done about it.”
This is really about _______________ and how ____________ is/are responsible for ____________. We therefore need to _____________.
This is really about Bill Gates copied Apple and how Microsoft is responsible for copyright infringement. We therefore need to sue.
Re. How should we think about the origins of the graphical user interface?
This is really about Apple and Microsoft both borrowed an idea from the public conversation (i.e., Xerox) and how no one is responsible for damages. We therefore need to do nothing, except compete.
![Page 45: Being Strategic in Science Communication](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070600/58a037bb1a28ab5d2e8b5c1f/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
(U.S.-centric) Framing quiz …
Is it an estate tax or a _______________
Is it oil drilling or ___________________
Is it eavesdropping or _______________
Is it a used car or a __________________
Is it a secretary or a __________________
Is it anti-abortion or __________________
Is it pro-abortion or __________________
If you’re against a union or for ______________
It’s not single-payer medicine it’s ___________
You’re not an environmentalist you’re a ______
I’m not a liberal I’m a _____________________
It’s not (just) a regulation it’s a _____________
Others???
![Page 46: Being Strategic in Science Communication](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070600/58a037bb1a28ab5d2e8b5c1f/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Episodic vs. Thematic Framing
![Page 47: Being Strategic in Science Communication](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070600/58a037bb1a28ab5d2e8b5c1f/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Episodic vs. Thematic Framing
![Page 48: Being Strategic in Science Communication](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070600/58a037bb1a28ab5d2e8b5c1f/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Objective: Put issue in new context (frame)
![Page 49: Being Strategic in Science Communication](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070600/58a037bb1a28ab5d2e8b5c1f/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Backlash to “security” frame
Framing doesn’t always work as
planned …
![Page 50: Being Strategic in Science Communication](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070600/58a037bb1a28ab5d2e8b5c1f/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
50
Objective Prioritization (for Face-to-Face engagement) …
Type of society
Inform/Educate
Interest/Excite
Defendscience
Show caring
Show openness
Frame issue
Show values
Hear others
Show expert
General 6.21 5.99 5.77 5.73 5.50 5.30 5.33 5.16 4.86Microbiology 6.27 6.01 6.03 5.78 5.47 5.38 5.37 5.23 4.97Geophysical 6.20 5.86 5.58 5.45 5.36 5.22 4.99 4.88 4.69Geological 6.19 5.93 5.91 5.57 5.40 5.15 5.15 4.88 4.91Chemical 6.15 5.70 5.85 5.64 5.51 5.14 5.30 5.00 4.90
Ecological 6.03 5.97 5.44 5.33 5.07 4.98 5.33 4.96 4.31
1.00-1.49
1.50-1.99
2.00-2.49
2.50-2.99
3.00-3.49
3.50-3.99
4.00-4.49
4.50-4.99
5.00-5.49
5.50-5.99
6.00-6.49
6.50-7.00
Typical SE is between .05 and .08
Strongly Disagree Strongly Agree
BUT scientists love the ‘literacy’ objective …
![Page 51: Being Strategic in Science Communication](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070600/58a037bb1a28ab5d2e8b5c1f/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Finally: What does it mean to know your “audience” (= “interlocutors”)?
![Page 52: Being Strategic in Science Communication](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070600/58a037bb1a28ab5d2e8b5c1f/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Tactics, objectives, and goals
What do they want to hear?What might they want to say?
What do they think/feel about you?How are they thinking about issues?
But don’t forget … What are YOU trying to achieve?
What is the ethical path to achieving it?
![Page 53: Being Strategic in Science Communication](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070600/58a037bb1a28ab5d2e8b5c1f/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Logic model/Theories of change
We will you do:___________
It will lead to:___________
It will lead to:___________
It will lead to:___________
The impact will be:___________
The impact will be:___________
What skills do we need: ___________________What resources do we need: _______________What’s the first step: ______________________How does this fit our needs: ________________How does this fit our values: _______________ How will you know if you succeed: __________
+
![Page 54: Being Strategic in Science Communication](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070600/58a037bb1a28ab5d2e8b5c1f/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Final thoughts I …
There are no silver bullets
Not everyone is reachable It takes time
![Page 55: Being Strategic in Science Communication](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070600/58a037bb1a28ab5d2e8b5c1f/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Final thoughts II …
It might be okay to have a friend
photograph your wedding … This material is based upon work supported by the National
Science Foundation (NSF, Grant AISL 14241214-421723. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the NSF.
But sometimes help is … helpful.And there’s no
need to reinvent the wheel …
![Page 56: Being Strategic in Science Communication](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070600/58a037bb1a28ab5d2e8b5c1f/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)