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Articles Belief In Al-Qadar

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Category: Aqeedah (Islamic Faith)Source: Publicatio n Date: 18 Muharr am 1434 (12/2/12)

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Belief In Al-Qadar

Muhammad Bin Salih Al-Uthaimeen

Al-Qadar is Allah’s predest inat io n of measurements and sustenance of ev erything and everyone, according to His Knowledge and Wisdom.

Al-Qadar is Allah’s prede stinat ion of measurements and sustenance of everything and everyone, according to His Knowledge and Wisdom.

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Aspe ct s Of Belie f In Al-Qadar

1. Knowledge - The be lief that Allah’s Knowledge encompass es everything, everymatter, major or minor, and time frames of everything that happens in thisuniverse. Allah’s Knowledge encompasses all of His Actions and actions taken byHis slaves.

2. Writing - The belief t hat Allah recorded everything in a Book that He kept withHim, called “A1-Lawh’ Al-Mah’foodh” (The Preserved Book). He said, whattranslated means, “Know you not that Allah knows all that is in heaven and onearth? Verily, it is (all) in the Book (Al-Lawh’ Al-Mah’footh). Verily, that is easy for

Allah.” [Al-Haj 22:70]

{ ی }70:

Transliteration: Alam taAAlam anna Allaha yaAAlamu ma fee alssamai waa lardiinna thalika fee kitab in inna thalika AAala Allahi yasee run

Abdullah-ibn-Amr-ibn-al-Aas (radiyallaahu anhuma) said that he heard theMessenger of Allah (sallallaahu alaihi wa-sallam) say, what translated means,

“Allah recorded the measurement of all mat ters pe rtaining to Creat ion fif tythousand years b efore He created the heavens and earth.” [Saheeh Muslim]

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« ی »ی

3. The belief t hat nothing, whether related t o Allah’s Act ions or actions t aken byHis slaves, can happen without His Permission. He said, what translated means,

“And your Lord Cre ates whatsoe ver He wills and chooses.” [Al Qas as 28:68]

{ }68 :

Transliteration: Warabbuka yakhluqu ma yashao wayakhtaru

“And Allah does what He will.” [Ibraheem 14:27]

{ }27:

ی

Transliteration: wayafAAalu Allahu ma yashao

and, “He it is Who shapes you in the wombs as He pleas es .” [Ali-Imraan 3:6]

ی } }6:

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Transliteration: Huwa allathee yusawwirukum fee alarhami kayfa yashao

As for act ions taken by His creat ion, Allah said, “Had Allah wille d, indeed Hewould have given them power over you, and they would have fought you.” [An-Nisa'a 4:90]

ی } ھ }90 :

Transliteration: walaw shaa Allahu lasallat ahum AAalaykum falaqat alookum

and, “And if Allah had willed, t hey would not have done so . So leave t hem alonewith their fab rications.” [Al-Ana'am 6:137]

{ }137:

Transliteration:

walaw shaa Allahu ma faAAaloohu fatharhum wama yaftaroona

4. The belief that Allah created all creation, all what they possess of attributesand all their actions, “Allah is the Creator of all things, and He is the Guardianover all t hings.” [Az-Zumar 39:62]

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{ ی }62:

Transliteration: Allahu khaliqu kulli s hayin wahuwa AAala kulli s hayin wake elun

and, “He has created everything, and has measured it exactly according to itsdue measurements.” [Al-Forqan 25:2]

{ }2:

Transliteration: wakhalaqa kulla shayin faqaddarahu taqdeeran

Also, Abraham said to his pe op le, as was mentioned in the Qur’aan, “While Allahhas created you and what you make.” [As-Saaffaat 37:96]

{ }96 :

Transliteration: Wa A llahu khalaqakum wama taAAmaloona

Believing in the Al-Qadar, as described above, does not mean that people haveno power over the actions they chose to take. Islamic Shari’ah and Realityconfirm that the person has a will of his own:

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As for t he Shari’ah, Allah s aid about one ’s own will, what trans lat ed means , “So,whosoever wills, let him take a Return to his Lord (by obeying HisCommandments ).” [An-Naba' 78:39]

{ }

39:

Transliteration: faman shaa ittakhatha ila rabbihi maaban

and, “So go t o your tilt (have s exual relations with your wives ) when and how youwill (not in the anus).” [Al-Baqara 2:223]

{ }223:

Transliteration: Fatoo harthakum anna shitum

As for one’s own power over his act ions, “So keep your duty t o Allah as much asyou can; list en and obey.” [At-Taghaabun 64:16]

{ ی }16:

Transliteration: Faitt aqoo Allaha ma istataAAtum waismaAAoo waateeAAoo

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and, “Allah burdens not a person beyond his scope. He gets reward for that(good) which he has earned, and he is punished for that (evil) which he hasearned .” [Al-Baqara 2:286]

ھ ی } ھ

ھ }

286:

Transliteration: La yukallifu Allahu nafsan illa wusAAaha laha ma kasabatwaAAalayha ma iktasabat

As for the Reality of things, every human knows that he has a power and a will of his own. He uses his power and will to indulge in or avoid actions of his choice.Mankind distinguish between what they do by their own power and betweenwhat they have no power over, like shivering due to illness or extreme cool.However, the power and will of mankind is under the control of Allah’s Will andPower, “To whomsoever among you who wills to walk straight. And you will not,unless (it be) that Allah wills, the Lord of the worlds.” [At-Takweer 81: 28-29].

{ ی { ی

29-28:Transliteration: Liman shaa minkum an yastaqeema (28) Wama tashaoona illaan yashaa Allahu rabbu alAAalamee na

The universe is Allah’s prope rty and nothing happens in His Kingdom without HisKnowledge and Permission.

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Belief in Al-Qadar, as explained above, does not provide an excuse for mankindto sin or abandon what they are obligated to do. This excuse can be rejectedusing the following arguments :

1. Allah said, what translated means, “Those who took partners ( in worship) with Allah will say: “If Allah had Willed, we would not have taken partners (in worship)with Him, nor would our fathers, and we would not have forbidden anything(against His Will). “Likewise bellied those who were before them, till they tastedof Our Wrath. Say: “Have you any knowledge (p roof ) t hat you can produce be foreus? Verily, you follow nothing but guess and you do nothing but lie” [Al-Ana'am6:148]

{ ی

ھ

}148:

Transliteration: Sayaqoolu allatheena ashrakoo law shaa Allahu ma ashraknawala abaona wala harramna min shayin kathalika kaththaba allatheena minqablihim hatt a thaqoo b asana qul hal AAindakum min AAilmin fatukhrijoohu lana intat tabiAAoona illa althth anna wain antum illa takhrusoona

The disbelievers did not have a valid excuse when they said that what they didwas according to Al-Qadar. If this excuse was valid, then why will Allah punishthem for their sins?

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2. Allah said, what translated means, “Messengers as bearers of good news aswell as o f warning in order that mankind should have no plea against Allah afte rthe Messengers And Allah is Ever All-Powerful, All-Wise.” [An-Nisaa 4:165]

{ ی }165:

Transliteration: Rusulan mubashshireena wamunthireena lialla yakoona lilnnasi AAala Allahi hujjatun baAAda alrrusuli wakana Allahu AAazee zan hakeeman

Sending down the Messengers took place according to Al-Qadar, also. This iswhy the disbelievers cannot use Al-Qadar as an excuse for not believing,because Al-Qadar provided them with the means to escape Allah’s punishmentby following His Messengers.

3. Ali-ibn-Abi Talib (radiyallaahu anhu) said that the Prophet (sallallaahu alaihi wa-sallam) said, what translated means , “One’s f inal des tination, in Hell or Paradise,is already determined for each one of you.” A man said, “Should we depend (onthis fact), O Messenger of Allah (meaning to abandon working deeds)?” He said,

“No. Perform deeds , becaus e everyone will be helped ( to go on the path that hechooses and reach his dest iny).” Then he read t he Ayah. “As for him who g ives ( incharity) and kee ps his duty to Allah and fears Him...” [Al-Layl 92:5]

{ }5: ی

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Transliteration: Faamma man aAAta waittaqa”

[Shaheeh Al-Bukhari]

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4. Allah conveyed His Commandments to His slaves and did not require them todo what is beyond their capacity. “So keep your duty to Allah (and fear Him) asmuch as you can.” [AtTaghaabun 64:16]

{ }16:

Transliteration: Faittaqoo Allaha ma istataAAtum

and “Allah burdens not a pers on beyond his s cope .” [Al-Baqara 2:286].

{ ھ }286:

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Transliteration: La yukallifu Allahu nafsan illa wusAAaha

If the slave is forced to do whatever deeds he performs, then Allah would haverequired from him what is beyond his capacity, and this is a fals e be lief. For thisreason, Allah forgives sins that take place because of ignorance orforgetfulness.

5. Al-Qadar is a matter of Allah’s Knowledge. No one can uncover his own Qadarbut after it happens. One’s intention to perform a deed precedes the actionits elf. He does not know what Al-Qadar holds for him. Therefore, Al-Qadar is nota valid excuse for s inning and abandoning the Commandments .

6. One always seeks what is convenient for him. No one of sane mind wouldabandon what brings mat erial benefit t o him, saying that Al-Qadar forced him totake this course of action. Therefore, why would one use Al-Qadar as an excusefor abandoning what brings benefit to him in matters of religion and not do thesame for matters of life?

If a man has to choose between two countries to move to, one of them ischaotic, full of incidents of murder, looting, rape, insecurity and hunger. Would hechoose to go t o this country or would he go to another country, which is s afe forhim and se cure, with abundance in material joys, where one’s honor, pos se ss ionsand human rights are preserved? There is no doubt that this man would choosethe second country, where he will be safe and secure. No one of sane mindwould choos e t o go t o the f irst country, claiming that this is his Qadar.Therefore, why would one choose what ends him up in Hell, rather than Paradise,

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in the Last Life, claiming that this is his Qadar?

When one is sick and is given a medicine to take, he will take the medicine eventhough he does not like its tast e. When one is told t o go on a diet, he would noteat t he food that he likes , in order to s atisfy this diet and to s tay fit. No one of sane mind would refuse to take medicines or go on medical diets, claiming thatthis is his Qadar. Therefore, why would one abandon implementing Allah’s and HisMessenger’s Commandments, thus bringing Allah’s Wrath on him, claiming thatthis is his Qadar?

7. If one of those, who abandon the Commandments and indulge in sinning,comes under attack on his honor or pos sess ions, would he accept the excuse of the attacker, if he says that he attacked him because it was his Qadar to attack

him, and t herefore he is not t o be blamed? Indeed No! Therefore, why does thisperson refuse Al-Qadar as an excuse for whoever attacked him, while hedepends on Al-Qadar as an excuse for abandoning Allah’s rights on him?

It was reported t hatOmar ibn Al-Khattab(radiyallaahu anhu) was brought a manwho was caught st ealing. Omar ordered that t his man’s hand be cut off. The mansaid, “Wait, O leader of the believers . I only st ole be cause t his was in the Qadarof Allah.” Omar said, “And we are cutting your hand because it is in the Qadar of

Allah.”

Benefits Of Belief In Al-Qadar

1. Depending on Allah alone when one indulges in any action. Taking the PDFmyURL.com

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necess ary precautions is not the cause of one’s success in the intended actions. All matters are unde r the full control of t he Qadar of Allah.

2. When one s ucceeds in performing an action, he must not be proud of himse lf. All good de eds are successfully pe rformed be caus e of Allah’s bounty, becaus eHe ordained that this matter to be successful. To be proud will make one forgetto t hank Allah for permitt ing him to success fully perform this deed.

3. Believing in Al-Qadar leads one to feel s atis fied, s afe and secure. All incidentsthat happen to a person are a result of Allah’s Qadar. One should not feelmiserable for losing or not gaining what he likes. All this happens according tothe Qadar of Allah. Allah is the King and Lord of the heavens and earth and HisQadar will happen exactly as He Will, “No calamity befalls on the earth or in

yourselves but is inscribed in the Book of Decrees (Al-Lawh’ Al-Mah’footh),befo re We b ring it into existence. Verily, that is easy for Allah. In order t hat youmay not be sad over matters that you fail to get, nor rejoice because of thatwhich has been given to you. And Allah likes not prideful boasters.” [Al Hadid57:22-23]

{ ی ی ی }

23-22:

Transliteration: Ma asaba min muse ebatin fee alardi wala fee anfusikum illa feekitabin min qabli an nabraaha inna thalika AAala Allahi yasee run (22) Likayla tasaw

AAala ma fat akum wala tafrahoo bima atakum wa A llahu la yuhibbu kulla mukhtalin

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fakhoorin

The P rophet (sallallaahu alaihi wa-sallam) said, what t ranslated means, “Pleas ingis the attitude of the believer. All of his matters are righteous. This is only forthe believer. If a joy is brought t o him, he t hanks (Allah for it). This is bet te r forhim. If a calamity befalls him, he is patient. This is also good for him.” [SaheehMuslim]

« . . ی . ی .ی . . ی »ی

Two groups fell into misguidance with regard to Al-Qadar:

1. Al-Jabriyyah- This group claimed that the person is forced to do whatever hedoes and that he has no power or will of his own.

2 . Al-Qadariyyah- They claimed that the person has a will and powerindepende nt of Allah’s Will and Power.

The Shari’ah and Real Life are used to refute the first group, Al-Jabriyyah.

As for the Shari’ah, Allah confirmed that humans have a will and power of theirown, "Among you are some that desire this world and some that desire the

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Hereafte r." [Ali-Imraan 3:152]

{ ی }152:

Transliteration: minkum man yureedu alddunya waminkum man yureedualakhirata

And say: “The Truth is from your Lord.” Then whosoever wills , le t him believe, andwhosoever wills, let him disbelieve. Verily, We have prepared for the unjust, aFire whose walls will be s urrounding them.” [Al-Kahf 18:29]

{ ھ ی ی ی ھ }29: ھ

Transliteration: Waquli alhaqqu min rabbikum faman shaa falyumin waman shaafalyakfur inna aAAtad na lil thth alimeena naran ahata bihim suradiquha

and. “Whosoever does righteous, good deeds, it is for (the benefit of ) his own-self and whosoever does evil, it is against his own-self, and your Lord is not atall unjust to (His) s laves.” [Fuss ilat 41:46]

ی } ھ ی }46 :

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Transliteration: Man AAamila salihan falinafsihi waman asaa faAAalayha wamarabbuka bit h allamin lilAAabeedi

As for Real Life, everyone knows the difference be tween his act ions, like eat ing,drinking, selling and buying, and between what is beyond his power, likeshivering and accidentally falling off a roof, for example. The first types of actions are his. He chooses them on his own will using his own power. Thesecond types of actions are beyond his control.

The Shari’ah and The Mind are also used to refute the second group, Al-

Qadariyyah.

As for the Shari’ah, Allah created everything and not hing happe ns without Hispermission. He said that all actions taken by His slave happen by His Will, “Allahhad willed, succeeding generations would not have fought against each other,after clear Verses of Allah had come to them, but they differed, some of t hembelieved and others disbelieved, If Allah had willed, they would not have foughtagainst one another, but Allah does what He likes.” [Al-Baqara 2: 253]

{ ی ھ ھ { ھ

253:

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Transliteration: walaw shaa Allahu ma iqtatala allatheena min baAAdihim minbaAAdi ma jaathumu albayyinatu walakini ikhtalafoo faminhum man amanawaminhum man kafara walaw shaa Allahu ma iqtataloo walakinna Allaha yafAAaluma yureedu

and, “And if We had willed, surely! We would have given every person hisguidance, but the Word from Me took effect (about evilÂ*doers), that I will fillHell with J inn and mankind toget her.” [As-Sajda 32:13]

{ ی ھ { ی 13:

Transliteration: Walaw shina laatayna kulla nafsin hudaha walakin haqqa alqawluminnee laamlaanna jahannama mina aljinnati waal nnasi ajmaAAeena

As for The Mind, the universe is Allah’s Kingdom and mankind are a part of thisKingdom. Therefore, all mankind are owned by Allah. The slave cannot doanything in this Kingdom unles s it s Lord, Allah, gives him permission.

Source:AHYA.ORG - Authentic Is lamic Res ources and Information

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