bell activity: read the following sections: 2.3 (pg. 16 only) 2.4 2.5 (pg. 19 & top half of pg....
TRANSCRIPT
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Bell Activity:Read the following sections:2.3 (pg. 16 only)2.42.5 (pg. 19 & top half of pg. 20) While reading define the following terms:DomesticationCultural Diffusion*CivilizationCity-State
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Fertile Crescent & Beginnings of Fertile Crescent & Beginnings of CivilizationCivilization
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Five Characteristics of Five Characteristics of CivilizationCivilization
1. Advanced cities2. Specialized workers3. Complex institutions4. Record keeping 5. Advanced technology
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Map of SumerMap of Sumer
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Mesopotamia: Land Between the Mesopotamia: Land Between the RiversRivers
Soil enriched by Tigris & Euphrates rivers… settlements built on the
plains
Sun-dried clay bricks used as construction material
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Part I: UrPart I: Ur
Population – 30,000 Location on Euphrates
River in Southern Iraq Advanced trading city Developed bronze
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Cultural roots of the Cultural roots of the CivilizationCivilization
Origins unknown Settlements date to 5200
BC for some city-states
3000 BC onwards their history was recorded w/ decoded writing*
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Contributions to Civilization- Contributions to Civilization- 11
Cuneiform writing Wedge shaped
writing on clay tablets
using a stylus*
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SumerianSumerian
Oldest known written language
Survived as written language until cuneiform tradition fell into disuse around the time of Christ*
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Flood Tablet Flood Tablet of Gilgameshof Gilgamesh(cuneiform)(cuneiform)
British
Museum
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Contributions to Civilization - Contributions to Civilization - 22
System of numbers based on the unit of 60
which we use today to measure time
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Contributions to Civilization – Contributions to Civilization – 33
Architecture/ ziggurats “mountain of god” center of life in Ur well guarded treasure
house
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Sumeria: Ziggurat Sumeria: Ziggurat reconstructionreconstruction
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ZigguratZiggurat
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Other Contributions Other Contributions
Wheel, sail, plow
Bronze
Scientific investigations
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Economy of UrEconomy of Ur
Based on agriculture
Trade flourished Egypt to India Economy dominated by
wealthy merchants
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SumeriaSumerian housen house
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GovernmentGovernment
Divided into independent warring city-states Priests governed first… Kings ruled later
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Social DivisionsSocial Divisions
Priests & kings made up an aristocracy
Wealthy merchants Free craftsmen & farmers Slaves (war captives)
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For Friday
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PolytheisticPolytheistic Religion*Religion*
Evolution in worship from…forces of nature to… Gods who acted as humans do… Gods who were omnipotent—all
powerful
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Praying Praying figures figures
from the from the royal royal
tombs tombs Ur
2500 BC
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GoddesGoddess Inanas Inana Warrior,
lover, source of beauty and culture
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Role of WomenRole of Women
Controlled their dowry & engaged in business
Ruled Not equal to men
** Adultery for women was punished by death
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Early Sumerian TabletEarly Sumerian Tablethttp://www.museum.upenn.edu/new/Games/cuneiform.shtmlhttp://www.museum.upenn.edu/new/Games/cuneiform.shtml
3100-2900 BC
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Decline of Sumerian City-Decline of Sumerian City-StatesStates
Salinization of soil led to economic decline
War City-states faced with
invasion by Akkadians
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Conflict EruptsConflict Erupts
Sumerians v. Semitic peoples from Arabian deserts
Sargon of Akkad was a Semite took over Sumer
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Sargon of Sargon of AkkadAkkad Took over Sumeria
Capital City Babylon
Established first empire 2350 BC
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AkkadiaAkkadian n
EmpireEmpire
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Hammurabi,Hammurabi, “ “King of the Four King of the Four Quarters of the WorldQuarters of the World””
Ruled in Babylon 1792-1750 BC
Famous for law code
Took over all Mesopotamia
Empire collapsed soon after his death
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Hammurabi Hammurabi
MonumentMonument 1800 BC1800 BC(Louvre)(Louvre)
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Musee du Musee du Louvre, ParisLouvre, Paris
The Stone Pillar of Hammurabi
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Babylonian Babylonian Contributions - 1Contributions - 1
Code of Hammurabi Sharp class divisions Fair treatment for women Stern sense of justice— “eye of
an eye” Business law
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Babylonian Babylonian contributions - 2contributions - 2
Astronomy Charted the heavens Could predict eclipses Thought planets
controlled lives of humans.
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Babylonian Babylonian contributions - 3contributions - 3
Religious Literature Creation story Building of an ark and a
great flood that resembles Old Testament
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AssyriaAssyria
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Assyrian Empire Assyrian Empire 1300 BC – 612 BC1300 BC – 612 BC
Northern Mesopotamia Period of greatness lasted
only a century
Culture based on Babylon & ancient Sumer (preserved in libraries)
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Mighty AssyriansMighty Assyrians
Used terror and atrocities on enemies
Most hated of the ancients Art forms celebrated war &
slaughter
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AssyriaAssyrian n
EmpireEmpire
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Assyrian Empire MapAssyrian Empire Map
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Assyrian ContributionsAssyrian Contributions
Government Provinces Military roads
Ashurbanipal’s Library Located at Nineveh 1,000s of preserved
tablets
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WingedWingedbulls bulls from the from the palace palace of Sargon IIof Sargon II
((musee du Louvre)musee du Louvre)
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The New Babylonians aka The New Babylonians aka ChaldeansChaldeans((612-539 BC)612-539 BC)
Overthrew Assyrian rule Famous ruler:
Nebuchadnezzar He captured Jerusalem
Capital: Babylon Contributions:
Architecture & Astronomy
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Babylonian Babylonian AchievementsAchievements
Influenced entire ancient world, esp. Hebrews & Greeks … strong Bible connections Greek literature Greek geometry Astronomy, astrology