Bell Quiz Bell Quiz (pgs. 392-407)(pgs. 392-407)

1.What was the goal of Portugal’s 1.What was the goal of Portugal’s explorers?explorers?

2. What were the names of Christopher 2. What were the names of Christopher Columbus’s three ships?Columbus’s three ships?

3. Who issued an edict in 1493 that drew 3. Who issued an edict in 1493 that drew an imaginary line from north to south an imaginary line from north to south through the middle of the Atlantic Ocean?through the middle of the Atlantic Ocean?

4. What was the Middle Passage?4. What was the Middle Passage?

5. Who was Moctezuma II (Montezuma)?5. Who was Moctezuma II (Montezuma)?

AnswersAnswers

1. Find gold, a way to trade in the 1. Find gold, a way to trade in the Indies and spread Christian.Indies and spread Christian.

2. Nina, Pinta, and Santa Maria.2. Nina, Pinta, and Santa Maria.

3. Pope Alexander VI3. Pope Alexander VI

4. The shipment of slaves across 4. The shipment of slaves across the Atlantic.the Atlantic.

5. The ruler of the Aztecs.5. The ruler of the Aztecs.

Chapter 16.1 and 16.2 Chapter 16.1 and 16.2 TermsTermsScientific RevolutionScientific Revolution

MercantilismMercantilism

Favorable balance of tradeFavorable balance of trade

TariffsTariffs

ObjectivesObjectives

Describe what the early Portuguese Describe what the early Portuguese explorers accomplished.explorers accomplished.

Discuss how the voyages of Discuss how the voyages of Christopher Columbus influenced the Christopher Columbus influenced the world.world.

Explain why the Atlantic slave trade Explain why the Atlantic slave trade prospered.prospered.

Describe how Spain extended its Describe how Spain extended its power abroad and at home.power abroad and at home.

Explain why the Dutch were successful Explain why the Dutch were successful in the 1600s.in the 1600s.

Pages 388-91Pages 388-91

Technology Describe the technology

How did it aid exploration

Rank the importance of the technology from “1” most important to “5” least important

Maps

Compass

Astrolabe

Changes in ships

Rudder

Sails

Explorers of PortugalExplorers of Portugal

Portuguese and Spanish explorers made the Portuguese and Spanish explorers made the first European voyages into unknown waters.first European voyages into unknown waters.

Curiosity, religion, and economic goals drove Curiosity, religion, and economic goals drove them.them.

Prince Henry “The Navigator” Prince Henry “The Navigator” Prince Henry and Portugal’s goals were to Prince Henry and Portugal’s goals were to

find gold, a new way to the rich spice trade of find gold, a new way to the rich spice trade of the Indies, and spread the Christian faith. the Indies, and spread the Christian faith.

Success of early voyages encouraged others.Success of early voyages encouraged others. 1488, Bartolomeu Dias sailed around the 1488, Bartolomeu Dias sailed around the

Cape of Good Hope and discovered a new Cape of Good Hope and discovered a new route to the Indian Ocean.route to the Indian Ocean.

1498, Vasco da Gama sailed across the 1498, Vasco da Gama sailed across the Indian Ocean to India.Indian Ocean to India.

Da Gama returned with his ships full of Da Gama returned with his ships full of valuable goods.valuable goods.

Together Dias and da Gama created an Together Dias and da Gama created an overseas trade route from Europe to India overseas trade route from Europe to India and the East Indies.and the East Indies.

Christopher ColumbusChristopher Columbus

Spain also became interested Spain also became interested in new trade routesin new trade routes

Christopher Columbus Christopher Columbus believed that a shorter route believed that a shorter route to Asia could be found by to Asia could be found by sailing westward.sailing westward.

King Ferdinand and Queen King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain agreed to Isabella of Spain agreed to finance Columbus’s voyage.finance Columbus’s voyage.

August 1492, Columbus set August 1492, Columbus set sail in his three shipssail in his three ships

October 12, 1492, Columbus’s October 12, 1492, Columbus’s fleet landed at what became fleet landed at what became San Salvador in the Bahamas.San Salvador in the Bahamas.

The Impact of The Impact of Columbus’s VoyagesColumbus’s Voyages In the years that followed a massive exchange In the years that followed a massive exchange

took place between the New World and Europe. took place between the New World and Europe. (Columbian Exchange)(Columbian Exchange)

Products, plants, animals, and even disease Products, plants, animals, and even disease traveled between the Western and Eastern traveled between the Western and Eastern Hemispheres.Hemispheres.

Spain became a major world power. Spain became a major world power. Potatoes, tomatoes, beans, and corn were Potatoes, tomatoes, beans, and corn were

introduced in Europe. introduced in Europe. Spain brought horses to the Americas.Spain brought horses to the Americas. Smallpox and other diseases were also brought Smallpox and other diseases were also brought

to the Americas.to the Americas. The native populations had no immunity to The native populations had no immunity to

these diseases and millions died.these diseases and millions died.

Dividing the New Dividing the New LandsLands

1493, 1493, Pope Alexander VI Pope Alexander VI drew an imaginary line drew an imaginary line from north to south from north to south through the middle of the through the middle of the Atlantic Ocean.Atlantic Ocean.

Alexander gave Alexander gave Spain the Spain the right to all newly right to all newly discovered lands west of discovered lands west of the line.the line.

Portugal could claim the Portugal could claim the discovered land east of discovered land east of the line.the line.

1494, the Treaty of 1494, the Treaty of Tordesillas between Tordesillas between Spain and Portugal Spain and Portugal moved the line farther moved the line farther west.west.

Other Explorers Other Explorers

Amerigo Vespucci: Italian navigator that crossed the Atlantic several times Amerigo Vespucci: Italian navigator that crossed the Atlantic several times between 1497-1504between 1497-1504

1513, Vasco Nunez de Balboa of Spain crossed the Isthmus of Panama.1513, Vasco Nunez de Balboa of Spain crossed the Isthmus of Panama.– Balboa’s discovery made in clear that the New World was not part of Asia. Balboa’s discovery made in clear that the New World was not part of Asia.

Ferdinand Magellan and his crew made first round-the-world voyage 1519-Ferdinand Magellan and his crew made first round-the-world voyage 1519-15221522..

Slave TradeSlave Trade

During the 1500s During the 1500s Europeans began using Europeans began using slave labor in their slave labor in their overseas empires.overseas empires.

Enslaving Native Enslaving Native Americans was not Americans was not effective.effective.

Europeans began to rely on Europeans began to rely on enslaved Africans.enslaved Africans.

Slave Trade grew quickly Slave Trade grew quickly after the Portuguese set up after the Portuguese set up sugar plantations.sugar plantations.

The Dutch, English, and The Dutch, English, and French all became active in French all became active in the slave trade.the slave trade.

Triangular TradeTriangular Trade

The slave trade was part of a larger system known as the The slave trade was part of a larger system known as the triangular trade. triangular trade.

Stage 1: Stage 1: merchants shipped cotton goods, weapons, and merchants shipped cotton goods, weapons, and liquor to Africa in exchange for slaves.liquor to Africa in exchange for slaves.

Stage 2: Stage 2: the Middle Passage – the shipment of slaves the Middle Passage – the shipment of slaves across the Atlantic to the Americas.across the Atlantic to the Americas.

During the Middle Passage slaves were chained into the During the Middle Passage slaves were chained into the overcrowded holds of ships.overcrowded holds of ships.

Slaves had little food or water and no sanitary facilities.Slaves had little food or water and no sanitary facilities. Many slaves died before reaching America. Many slaves died before reaching America. In the Americas slaves were sold for goods produced on In the Americas slaves were sold for goods produced on

the plantations.the plantations. Stage 3: Stage 3: merchants sent plantation products to Europe.merchants sent plantation products to Europe. It is estimated that 10 million Africans survived the It is estimated that 10 million Africans survived the

journey and were enslaved in the Americas. journey and were enslaved in the Americas.

Spain’s Colonial Spain’s Colonial EmpireEmpire Throughout the 1500s Spain was the most Throughout the 1500s Spain was the most

powerful nation in Europe.powerful nation in Europe. 1531 Ponce de Leon explored what is now Florida.1531 Ponce de Leon explored what is now Florida. Other Spanish explorers went to the Yucatan in Other Spanish explorers went to the Yucatan in

Mexico.Mexico. Discovered the Maya and Aztec civilizations.Discovered the Maya and Aztec civilizations. 1519, Hernan Cortes and 600 men invaded 1519, Hernan Cortes and 600 men invaded

Mexico. Mexico. Cortes Destroyed Aztec cities and captured Aztec Cortes Destroyed Aztec cities and captured Aztec

ruler Moctuzuma II (Montezuma). ruler Moctuzuma II (Montezuma). 1530, Francisco Pizarro conquered the Incan 1530, Francisco Pizarro conquered the Incan

empire and claimed the land that formed modern-empire and claimed the land that formed modern-day Ecuador and Chileday Ecuador and Chile..

Charles V and the Charles V and the HabsburgsHabsburgs

Charles was a member of the Charles was a member of the Habsburgs, an old German Habsburgs, an old German family.family.

Charles took the Spanish Charles took the Spanish throne in 1516throne in 1516

1519 Charles is elected Holy 1519 Charles is elected Holy Roman Emperor. Roman Emperor.

1556 Charles realized his 1556 Charles realized his empire was too large for one empire was too large for one man to rule.man to rule.

Charles divided his empire Charles divided his empire amongst his family.amongst his family.

Charles’s son Philip II received Charles’s son Philip II received Spain.Spain.

Charles’s other son, Ferdinand Charles’s other son, Ferdinand I took the title of Holy Roman I took the title of Holy Roman Emperor and head of the Emperor and head of the Austrian Habsburgs Austrian Habsburgs

The Rise of the DutchThe Rise of the Dutch

The Netherlands The Netherlands was under control of was under control of Philip II and Spain.Philip II and Spain.

1568, William of 1568, William of Orange led a revolt Orange led a revolt against Philipagainst Philip..

1579 Northern 1579 Northern provinces declared provinces declared their independence their independence from Spainfrom Spain..

The Dutch become The Dutch become a colonial power a colonial power after the founding of after the founding of the Dutch East India the Dutch East India Company in 1602Company in 1602..

ReviewReview

What did the early Portuguese What did the early Portuguese explorers accomplish?explorers accomplish?

How did the voyages of How did the voyages of Christopher Columbus influenced Christopher Columbus influenced the world?the world?

Why did the Atlantic slave trade Why did the Atlantic slave trade prosper?prosper?

How did Spain extended its power How did Spain extended its power abroad and at home?abroad and at home?