bell ringer 11-19-2007 not create government that would do what the people want from day to day...
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Bell Ringer 11-19-2007
• Not create government that would do what the people want from day to day
• Check Public Opinion• Popular rule
– Elect House of Rep’s, Senate, presidential electors
– Representative Gov, Bill of Rights, independent judiciary, federalism, separation of powers
– Factions “No complete Public Opinion”
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•What is public opinion?
•How is public opinion formed?
•Why public opinions differ.
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• How people think or feel about things (politics)
• Vast majority of people knew next to nothing about government
• Only vague notions of much-publicized public policy that affects us directly
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• 1940s• 21% favored the bill• 25% opposed it• The rest said they
hadn’t thought about it or didn’t Know
• NO SUCH BILL
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• Poll – survey of public opinion
• Random Sample – any given voter or adult has equal chance of being interviewed.
• Sampling Error – difference between to identical polls
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• Exit Polls = interview randomly selected people at polling place on election day
• Quite accurate except when a very close election
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• Opinion saliency: some people care more about certain issues than other people do
• Opinion Stability: some issues or choices opinions are steady, while on others they are more volatile
• Opinion-policy congruence: some issues government is in sync with popular views, while on other issues it is significantly out of sync
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• Personal and other background traits influence one’s views about politics and government matters
• Your surroundings influence your political and Government beliefs
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• People who have a disproportionate share of some valued resource (money)
• Know more about politics• Hold more or less a
consistent set of political beliefs
• Government attends more to the elite views than the popular vies
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• 60% of adults adopt the party preference of their parents
• There has been a decline in the ability of family to promote a partisan identification
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• Religious differences make for political differences
• Catholics – more liberal
• Protestants – more conservative
• Jewish – more liberal
• SOCIAL ISSUES
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• Men and women both ID with Democrats at the same levels in 1950s
• 1990s men more Republican
• WHY = men more conservative, Democratic female candidates
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• Longer in College more liberal
• Political participation among college students has declined
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•“It would be so much easier if everyone’s opinion on political affairs reflected some single feature of his or her life, such as income, occupation, age, race, or sex.”
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• Public Opinion and voting less determined by class than in Europe
• Becoming less clear-cut source of political cleavage
• Noneconomic (abortion, race relations, environment, etc.) issues now define liberal and conservative
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• African-Americans are overwhelmingly Democrat
• Becoming a less clear-cut source of political change
• The gap in opinions is narrowing between blacks and whites
• Tables 7.4 & 7.5
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• Gap between leaders of African American Organizations and African Americans in general.
• Gap between white leaders and white citizens
• Gaps within own race
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• Southerners & Northerners disagree significantly
• Southerners becoming less Democratic
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• Patterned set of political beliefs about who ought to rule, their principles and policies
• Moderates – largest group of voters.
• Figure 7.3 (pg 168)
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• Small minority take ideologically consistent views on political issues
• People often express opinions at odds with their ideological label
• Ideological thinking may be greater in some years than in others
• Americans do not think of politics in an ideological manner
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ConservativeLiberal
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• Favor bigger welfare state
• Favor smaller military establishment
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• Strong military
• Prayer should be in schools
• Oppose abortion on demand
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• Liberal: favored personal and economic liberty – freedom from the controls and powers of the state
• Supported free market and opposed Government regulation of trade
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• Conservative: opposed the excesses of the French Revolution and its emphasis on personal freedom and favored instead a restoration of the power of the state, the church, and the aristocracy
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• An active national government that would intervene in the economy, create social welfare programs, and help certain groups gain greater bargaining power
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• Barry Goldwater• Free market rather than
a regulated one• States’ rights over
national supremacy• Individual choice in
economic affairs• US play active role in
world affairs
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• Liberals
– Favor gov. efforts to ensure everyone has a job
– Spend more money on medical and educational programs
– Increase rate of taxation for well-to-do persons
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• Liberals
– Strong federal action to desegregate schools
– Provide compensatory programs for minorities
– Enforce Civil Rights laws strictly
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–Liberals:
»Tolerant of protest demonstrations
»Legalizing Marijuana
»Eliminate crime causes rather than getting tougher with offenders
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• Economy• Personal Conduct• Political Ideologies
are Complex• Liberal and
Conservative in their pure form describe the views of relatively few people
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• Are pure liberal or pure conservative because of information and peers
• Activists: hold office, run for office, lead interest groups and social movements
• Since 1980s Congress has showed more partisan voting
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• Elites influence public opinion in two ways.
1. Elites raise and frame political issues: influence what issues capture public opinion and how those issues are debated and decided
2. State the norms by which issues should be settled
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•POLITICAL ELITES HAVE A DISPROPORTIONATE INFLUENCE ON PUBLIC POLICY AND ENVEN AND INFLUENCE ON MASS OPINION