Bell Ringer 11/30

• What is addiction? -Have you ever been addicted to something? (keep it school appropriate)

• TAKE OUT YOUR NOTES: DRUGS AND CONSCIOUSNESS PG. 13?

Objective/Agenda

• What effect do drugs have on YOU and your consciousness?

• 1. Notes on drugs (types and what they do)

Altering Consciousness Drugs

Psychoactive drugs are chemicals introduced into the body which alter perceptions, mood, and other elements of conscious experience.

Examples: Depressants (alcohol), Stimulants (caffeine, nicotine), Hallucinogens (LSD, ‘weed’)

Dependence/Addiction

Many psychoactive drugs can be harmful to the body.

Psychoactive drugs are particularly dangerous when a person develops an addiction or becomes dependent on the substance.

Dependence/Addiction

Factors related to addiction: ToleranceWithdrawalimpact on daily life of substance usephysical and psychological dependence

Dependence on a substance (or activity?)

Tolerance: the need to use more to receive the desired effect

Withdrawal: the distress experienced when the “high” subsides, can be painful and can worsen addiction

Using more than intended Persistent, failed attempts to regulate use Much time spent preoccupied with the substance,

obtaining it, and recovering Important activities reduced because of use Continued use despite consequences

Tolerance of a drug refers to the diminished psychoactive effects after repeated use. Tolerance feeds addiction because users take increasing amounts of a drug to get the desired effect.

Tolerance

Dependence: 2 types

1.In physical dependence, the body has been altered in ways that create cravings for the drug (e.g. to end withdrawal symptoms).2. In psychological dependence, a person’s resources for coping with daily life wither as a drug becomes “needed” to relax, socialize, or sleep.

Depressants

• Depressants are chemicals that reduce the neural activity and other body functions.

• Examples: alcohol Opiates (morphine, heroin)

Effects of Alcohol Use

Impact on functioning:Slow neural processing, slowerthought and physical reactionReduced memory formation causedby disrupted REM sleep

• Impaired self-control and judgment, increased accidents and aggression

Chronic Use:

Brain damage

Opiates: Highly Addictive Depressants

Opiates depress nervous system activity; this reducesanxiety, and especially reduces pain.High doses of opiates produce euphoria.Opiates work at receptor sites for the body’s natural pain reducers (endorphins).

Opiates are chemicals such as morphine and heroin that are made from the opium poppy.

Video- brain and alcohol

• In your notes, how does alcohol affect your consciousness? • It’s fast, so just get what you can.

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vkpz7xFTWJo

Bell Ringer

• How do depressants affect our consciousness?

• What is withdrawal? Tolerance?

Objective Agenda

• How do drugs affect our consciousness?• Today:• Notes• Videos• Projects (if time)

Stimulants

Examples of stimulants: Caffeine Nicotine Amphetamines, Methamphetamine Cocaine, Ecstasy

Stimulants INTENSIFY neural activity and bodilyfunctions. Some physical effects of stimulants: dilated pupilsincreased breathing and heart rate, increased bloodsugar, decreased appetite

Caffeineadds energydisrupts sleep for 3-4 hours can lead to withdrawal symptoms if used daily:

headachesirritabilityfatiguedifficulty concentratingdepression

Nicotine

The main effect of nicotine use is ADDICTION.

Nicotine• Main effect of Nicotine use is addiction.What happens:Become more alertRelaxedSuppress appetiteReduces circulation, increase blood pressure/heart rate

HallucinogensLSD (lysergic acid diethylamide) LSD and similar drugs interfere with serotonin transmission. This causes hallucinations--images and other “sensations” that didn’t come in through the senses.What Happens Next? Impaired motor coordination, perceptual ability, and reaction timeOver time, the brain shrinks in areas processing memory and emotion

What can turn drug use into dependence?

Biological factors: dependence in relatives, thrill-seeking in childhood, genes related to alcohol sensitivity and dependence, and easily disrupted dopamine reward system

Psychological factors: seeking gratification, depression, problems forming identity, problems assessing risks and costs

Social influences: media glorification, observing peers

Summary: Desired Effects of Drugs

Summary: Aversive Effects of Drugs

Prevalence of Drug Use in the United States

Nicotine Use as of 2011: 26 percent of high school

dropouts smoke; 6 percent of people with graduate

degrees smoke

What influences can lead to drug use?

Are substances inherently

addictive and should they

be avoided at all cost? Does

recovery require

therapy, or require a 12-step group?

Is the “addiction”

concept applicable to

repeated behaviors that do not involve

ingesting chemicals?

Only 10 to 16 percent of people who try most drugs, even morphine and cocaine, become addicted.

In general, recovery rates do not seem to differ much from people quitting on their own.Controversies

Related to Addiction

Labeling it this way can be seen as making excuses for misbehavior such as gambling or sexual affairs. However, many of the dependence criteria are often met, and there may be a dopamine-based chemical process underlying some ‘addictive’ behavior patterns.

WHAT DRUG YOU WANT? • Get into a group of NO MORE THAN 4 and you’re going

to be assigned a drug to report to the class.

EACH GROUP WILL NEED TO DISCUSS DRUGS: 1. Effects- Explain what happens when you are on it? 2. How long the drugs effects last when taken? 

• 3. How do you consume the drug? 4. Should it be legal? 5. How addictive is the drug? 6. What are the withdrawal symptoms (physical, psychological?) 7. IS YOUR DRUG A STIMULANT, DEPRESSANT, HALLUCINogen?

• I’m expecting at least one outside source on your drug and a skit.

• Out of 70 points

THE SKINNY ON DRUGS! (pg. 10) • Please fill out chart as drug is presented:

DRUG Stimulant, depressant, hallucinogen

Feeling when on it

Withdrawal symptoms/side effects

How to consume

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

Bell Ringer 12/2

• Get back into your groups• We need to review what the expectations

are• You have today to begin research (use

phones, computers, etc)