bell ringer how are plant and animal cells different? how are they alike? give at least three...
TRANSCRIPT
Bell Ringer
How are plant and animal cells different? How are they alike? Give at least three examples of each.
Chapter 12Classifying PlantsMr. Perez
An Overview of Plants
Plant characteristics Range in size from
microscopic water ferns to tall sequoias (100 meters tall)
Most have roots that hold them in place
Plants are adapted to nearly every environment on Earth Frigid cold areas Hot, dry deserts
All plants need water
An Overview of Plants
Plant cells include: Cell membrane Nucleus Other cell structures
In plant cells, but not animal cells: Cell wall (protection and structure) Chlorophyll & chloroplast (green pigment that
traps sunlight and turns it into food) Central vacuole (store water)
Plant vs. Animal Cell
An Overview of Plants
Origin and Evolution of Plants The first plants that lived on land could only live
in damp areas Ancestors were probably green algae that lived in
the sea Green algae contains chlorophyll that carries out
photosynthesis Today, plants and green algae have the same
types of chlorophyll and carotenoids Carotenoids are red, yellow or orange pigments
also used in photosynthesis
An Overview of Plants
The fossil record of plants is not as complete as that of animals The oldest plant fossils are 420
million years old (Cooksonia)
Scientists believe that some of the early plants evolved from green algae
Cone-bearing plants show up in the fossil record 300-350 mya
Flowering plants show up in the fossil record 120 mya
An Overview of Plants
Advantages of life on land More sunlight
and carbon dioxide (CO2) which is needed for photosynthesis
An Overview of Plants
Protection and support on land Cuticle: waxy, protective layer secreted by cells
onto the surface of the plant. Prevents massive water loss.
Cell wall containing cellulose, a chemical compound that can be used by plants to make sugar. Long chains of cellulose provide support and structure
Structures that allow movement of water, nutrients and food throughout the plant
Reproduction Water resistant spores Water resistant seeds in cones or flowers
An Overview of Plants
An Overview of Plants
http://studyjams.scholastic.com/studyjams/jams/science/plants/plant-adaptations.htm
An Overview of Plants
Vascular
Contain tube-like structures that carry water and
nutrients throughout the
plants
Nonvascular
Do not contain tube-like
structures and move water and
nutrients throughout the
plant other ways
Seedless Plants
Seedless nonvascular plants Do not grow from seeds Contain only a few cells Only 2 – 5 cm tall Instead of roots, they contain rhizoids Grow in damp places No flowers or cones Reproduce using spores
Mosses, liverworts and hornworts are examples
Seedless Plants
Seedless Plants
Nonvascular plants and the environment Important in the ecology of many areas Can withstand long, dry periods Can grow in thin soils Spores are carried by the wind Mosses are usually the first to grow in new or
disturbed areas, this makes them a pioneer species
Seedless Plants
Seedless vascular plants Contain vascular tissue (tubes used to carry
water and nutrients) Can grow bigger than seedless nonvascular
plants
Examples include ferns, pines, spike mosses and horsetails
Seedless Plants
Importance of seedless plants Formation of coal Formation of peat (soil condition and fuel) Houseplants Landscape Gardening Food Folk medicines
Seed Plants
Most seed plants have: Leaves (where photosynthesis
occurs) Stems (support plants and move
materials through vascular tissue from root to the rest of the plant)
Roots (collect water and nutrients, anchor plant to ground and store food)
Vascular tissue (tube-like) Seed
Seed plants are split into two groups Gymnosperms Angiosperms
Seed Plants
Open and close stoma
Seed Plants
Seed Plants
Gymnosperms- vascular plants that produce seeds that are not protected by fruit Means “naked seed” in the Greek language Contain needle-like leaves Many are called evergreens Four divisions:
1. Conifers- pines, firs, spruces, redwoods, junipers
2. Cycads
3. Ginkgoes
4. Gnetophytes
Seed Plants
Seed Plants
Angiosperms- vascular plant that flowers and produces fruits with one or more seeds Flowers vary in size, shape and color
Some develop into fruit, which carry seeds Divided into two groups (see next slide)
Monocots- have one cotyledon Dicots- have two cotyledons
Seed Plants
Seed Plants
Importance of seed plants Provide wood Provide resin Food Fibers for clothing
Classwork
P. 353 # 1-3, 5-6
Resources
Florida Science Grade 8
Glencoe Science & McGraw Hill Publishing
Google Images