Bell Ringer: Match the advantages to the appropriate side

Students will review the beginning events of the Civil War

Students will understand the significance of key events and battles in the Civil War

Students will complete a graphic organizer on the Civil War using their notes

Objectives:

Characteristics of the North

Nickname: Union or Yankees

Uniform Color: Blue

Reasons for Fighting:

◦End slavery

◦Preserve the power of the nation/union

1)Larger population

2)Banks/money

3)Industry

4)Railroads

5)Established military

6)Established central government

Advantages of the North

North: Key Generals

1) George McClellan

3) Ulysses S. Grant

3) Ambrose Burnside

2) Roger Sherman

Nickname: Confederates

Uniform Color: Grey

Reasons for fighting: ◦Defend slavery◦Defend states’ rights◦Protect homes

Characteristics of the South

Advantages of the South1)Fighting on home turf

2)Had a cause to fight for

3)Strong military leaders (Robert E. Lee)

4)Knew how to ride horses and use firearms

5)Possibility of foreign aid (Cotton diplomacy)

6) James Ewell Brown “JEB” Stuart

South: Key Generals

1) Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson

2) Robert E. Lee

4) George Pickett 5) Ambrose P. Hill

3) James Longstreet

1) Fort Sumter (April 1861) – First shots fired in the Civil War in South Carolina

◦Confederates capture fort

Virginia secedes 5 days later; splits into two states as a result

Arkansas, Tennessee, and North Carolina follow VA soon after

The Civil War Begins

Southern states that seceded from the Union: ◦ South Carolina ◦Mississippi ◦Florida ◦Alabama◦Georgia ◦Louisiana

To secede or not to secede….

oTennesseeoTexas oVirginia

Border states that still practiced slavery but that remained in the Union: ◦Delaware◦Kentucky◦Missouri◦Maryland

To secede or not to secede….

Free states: ◦CA◦CT◦IL◦IN◦IA◦KS◦ME◦MA

To secede or not to secede….

◦MI◦MN◦NH◦NJ◦NY◦OH◦OR◦PA◦RI

◦VT◦WV◦WI

1) Two-pronged blockade of Confederacy

by cutting off the Atlantic and Gulf ports

2) Sent naval gunboats down Mississippi River to capture New Orleans

This would cut off the south geographically and economically

Northern strategy: Anaconda Plan

3) Armies would then capture theConfederate capital of Richmond,

Virginia

-The issue was the Southern coastline; was difficult to navigate and had 180 ports – the Union navy had few ships to spare

-Plan was approved by Lincoln but was unsuccessful

Northern strategy: Anaconda Plan

Virginia, 1861: First major battle of the war; Confederate victory

Union soldiers march from Washington D.C. towards Richmond

◦They are cut off by Confederates and retreat towards D.C.

Battle of Manassas (Bull Run)

Before this point, Northerners assumed it would be a quick battle; picnickers gathered at the battle site

Outcome: After the battle, both the North and South soon realized this would be a long and bloody war

Battle of Manassas (Bull Run)

Maryland, 1862: Lee invades the North in an attempt to surprise Washington D.C.

His plans are intercepted by Union troops under General McClellan

Battle is a standoff, but the South retreat (therefore counting it as a Union victory)

Battle of Antietam

Outcome: Is considered the bloodiest single day of the Civil War (26,000 + casualties)

Gives Lincoln opportunity to issue the Emancipation Proclamation

Battle of Antietam

Emancipation Proclamation Issued by Lincoln after Union victory at Antietam

Abolished slavery in every Confederate state; however it freed only the slaves in rebellion states

Allowed black soldiers to enlist in the Union army

Gave the North a ‘human cause’ to fight for

Battle of GettysburgPennsylvania, 1863: Lee attempts a second invasion into the North to get the fighting out of Virginia

The North under Meade defeats Lee to gain a Union victory

Is the bloodiest battle of the war (48,000 dead in 3-day battle)

South surrenders after fighting an uphill battle

Outcomes: Is the turning point of the war- started a winning streak for the North

Last attempt by the South to attack the North (crippled the South significantly)

Foreign aid will not be given to the South

Battle of Gettysburg

Issued by Lincoln following the Battle of Gettysburg

Described the Civil War as a struggle to preserve a nation dedicated to the idea that “all men are created equal”

America was “one nation”, not a collection of sovereign states

Gettysburg Address

Mississippi, 1863: Grant attempts to cut the South in half by capturing the Mississippi River

Attacks the southern city for 7 weeks

The fall of Vicksburg was said to have “broken the backbone of the South”

Battle of Vicksburg

Battle of the Ironclads: The Monitor and the Merrimac

Outcomes: Starving people of Vicksburg surrender; South is divided

Union forces controlled the Mississippi River

Morale boost for the Union Ulysses S. Grant proved his worth as a Union general

Battle of Vicksburg

Virginia, 1864: Grant attempts to march on Richmond

Lee stopped Grant, but the battle became the bloodiest hour of the war

7,000 men died in an hourOutcomes: Technology outpaced tactics; weapons became too efficient for the method of fighting

Cold Harbor

Sherman’s MarchGeneral Sherman leads a 60 mile march from Atlanta, GA, to Savannah, GA

Destroys railroad tracks and cuts the South off from receiving supplies

Ends up burning down the city of Atlanta to the ground

Path of destruction left behind devastates the South

Virginia, 1865:Confederate General Robert E. Lee surrenders to Union General Ulysses S. Grant

Signals the end of the Civil War Lee urges Southerners to accept defeat and unite as Americans

Grant urged the North not to be harsh with former Confederates

Appomattox Courthouse

War was literally fought “brother against brother” ◦Family members often fought against each other, as well as friends vs. friends

Disease was as much of a killer as was actual fighting

Combat was brutal and often man-to-man

Effects of the war: