bell ringer what does the cartoonist suggests hitler is doing? who are the other people in this...

Bell Ringer

What does the cartoonist

suggests Hitler is doing?

Who are the other people in this picture and

what does the cartoonist think

of them?

WORLD WAR II

Chapter 24

PATHS TO WAR

PATHS TO WAR

• Hitler believed that Germans belonged to the Aryan race which was superior to all other races and nationalities– He believed that Germany should once again

be an empire and he needed more land to support the larger population

• Hitler indicated in the 1920s that they would expand East into the S.U.– They would then use the Slavic's as slave labor

to build the Third Reich– Hitler thought this would rule for 1,000 years

PATHS TO WAR

• After WWI, when Hitler was chancellor, he said he wished to revise the unfair provisions of the treaty by peaceful means– He said Germany deserved its rightful place

among the European states• However, on March 9, 1935 Hitler

announced the new air force, a week later a military draft– Britain, France and Italy condemned the

behavior but were too busy dealing with the Great Depression to do anything about it

PATHS TO WAR

• Hitler felt that the Western states would not use force to enforce the Treaty of Versailles– He sent German troops into the

Rhineland (a part of Germany that was demilitarized)

– France could have met this with force, but wouldn’t with backing from Britain

– Britain said the Germans should have right to militarize their own land

– This began the policy of appeasement

PATHS TO WAR

• Hitler gained new allies as he went along– Benito Mussolini gave Hitler his support after

the British and French blocked his attempt to invade Ethiopia

– This led to the Rome-Berlin Axis• Germany and Italy sent support to Gen.

Francisco Franco in the Spanish Civil War• Later, Germany and Japan sign the Anti-

Comintern Pact to agree to fight against the Communists

PATHS TO WAR

• By 1937 Hitler had declared Germany as a “world power”– He started work on his goal of Anschluss

(ANSH-luhs) which was unification with Austria

– He forced the Austrian chancellor to put Austrian Nazis in power• Those Nazis allowed German troops to

“help” maintain law and order• Next, he annexed Austria into

Germany

PATHS TO WAR

• Next Hitler turned to the Sudetenland, part of Czechoslovakia– At a conference in Munich, the British,

French, and Italians gave in to nearly all of Hitler’s demands

– The Czechs were abandoned by their allies

– Hitler promised to make no new demands

– Neville Chamberlain, British P.M., said this meant “peace for our time”

PATHS TO WAR

• Hitler quickly made it clear that he had no intentions of staying put– When he began to threaten to Danzig

(port in Poland) Britain said they would fight if he invaded Poland

– At the same time, Britain and France realized that the SU would make a powerful ally and began negotiations with Joseph Stalin

PATHS TO WAR

• Hitler was not afraid of the British or French, but he was afraid of an alliance with them and the SU– He created his own with the SU when he

signed the Nazi-Soviet Nonaggression Pact

– He promised to give the Soviets control of Eastern Poland and the Baltic states

• The non-aggression pact was surprising. Hitler and Stalin were seen as natural enemies.

• When Hitler talked of taking over new land for Germany, many thought that he meant Russia.

• Hitler also hated Communism, the form of government in Russia

Hitler Stalin

But, the pact allowed Germany to march into Poland without fear of an attack from Russia.

On 3rd September 1939, Germany invaded Poland and started a War with Britain and France.

September 1939: Germany invaded Poland

German troops marching into Warsaw, the capital of Poland.

This officially starts World War II

PATHS TO WAR

• Japan had a goal of creating a new empire consisting of Japan, Manchuria and China they knew they needed resources– They had intended to get these from Soviet

Siberia, but after they signed an alliance with German, Japan had to rethink their strategy

– When Japan turned to the south, they met opposition from the Western powers, especially the US

PATHS TO WAR

• The US said they would apply economic sanctions unless Japan withdrew from the area and returned to its borders

• Japan weighed the options of losing the resources it was getting from the US to what it stood to lose if it didn’t move into China– After debate, Japan decided to launch a

surprise attack on the US and European colonies in Southeast Asia

ASSIGNMENTS

• P. 808 , Read “Hitler’s Vision” Answer the following questions:

1. Why would Hitler regard democracy as a “cancer”?

2. What does Hitler mean by “ruthless Germanization?”

• P. 822 #1,2, 4-7

In groups of 2-3 people. You will need two pieces of paper. As a group you will need to complete a two wall maps of the land acquired my Germany& Italy and Japan. This needs to be done in color and drawn to scale. Be sure to include the legend. P. 811-812

Next, use the timeline on page 809 to indicate the order of events on your World War II maps, draw a timeline on your map.

Then answer the following questions on your own paper:

1)In what ways did Hitler ignore the Treaty of Versailles?2)What were some of the causes of WWII?3)At what stage do you think other countries should have attempted to stop Hitler by using force? Why do you think they did not?4)How was Hitler able to take over Western Europe so quickly?5)In your own words what was the policy of appeasement? Do you think this was a successful policy?

• Propaganda Power Point… go to the other power point

BELL RINGER

• Why do you think America joins WWII?

THE COURSE OF WORLD WAR II

• Hitler used blitzkrieg or “lightening war” which consisted of 300 tanks, plus accompanying forces and supplies as well as air support, to attack Poland– Poland surrendered within 4 weeks– On Sept. 28, 1939 Germany and the SU divided

Poland• After a winter of waiting (called the Phony War)

Hitler resumed attacks with another blitzkrieg against Norway and Denmark on April 9, 1940– One month later Germany launched attacks on

the Netherlands, Belgium, and France


• Germany’s main assault on France came through Luxembourg and the Ardennes Forest– Allied forces were taken by surprise when

Germany went around the Maginot Line– Both Britain and France were pushed back to the

port of Dunkirk– Only by the heroic efforts of the Royal Navy and

private citizens with boats did the British manage to evacuate 338,000 Allied troops

• On June 22 France signed an armistice giving Germany control of 3/5ths of France– The rest was controlled by a puppet government


• The British (will now) turned to the US for help– FDR denounced the Axis powers actions, but

the US was following the strategy of isolationism

– They eventually loosened up some so as to supply the British with food, ships, planes and weapons

• Hitler knew he could launch a successful amphibious invasion if he controlled the air over Britain– In Aug. 1940 Germany launched a major air

attack on Britain (naval bases, harbors, communication centers, and war industries)


• The British fought back by launching attacks on Berlin (the first time in the war that Germany goes on the defense)

• Hitler ordered a shift in strategy from military targets to British cities– This allowed Britain to recover from the loss of

military goods– Hitler hoped to break Britain’s spirit, instead he

ended up postponing the invasion indefinitely• This was known as the Battle of Britain

View of a V-1 rocket in flight, ca. 1944.

Aircraft spotter on the roof of a building in London. St. Paul's Cathedral is in the background.

"Children of an eastern suburb of London, who have been made homeless by the random bombs of the Nazi night raiders, waiting outside the wreckage of what was their home."


• Hitler had no desire to fight a two-front war, yet he believed the only reason Britain remained in the war is because they expected help from the SU– Hitler believed that the SU had a pitiful military

• Hitler planned the attack for the spring of 1941, but had to delay his attack on the Soviet Union until later. This will prove to be a huge mistake for Hitler.

• Hitler thought the war with the SU would be over before the winter– While successful early on, German forces were

stopped by an early winter and Soviet resistance.– Germans had no idea what a Russian Winter was.– This is the first time the Germans were stopped and it

marked an ominous ending to the year

German forces in Russia, 1941

Pearl Harbor


• On December 7, 1941 Japan attacked several naval bases in the Pacific including the Philippines, Malaya, and Pearl Harbor

• Japan called their new “community” the Greater East Asia Co-prosperity Sphere– They assumed that their attack on

America would make the Americans realize that Japan was the dominant country

USS SHAW exploding during the Japanese raid on Pearl Harbor, December 7, 1941

ASSIGNMENT

• Pearl Harbor Video

Would you go to war?

Would you risk going to war based solely on what you saw in yesterdays

footage?

The United States has now official entered into World War II.

The U.S. declared war on Japan: December 8, 1941

Germany declared war on the U.S.:December 11, 1941

Franklin Delano Roosevelt DID!


• When the US entered the war, a new coalition was created called the Grand Alliance– This included Britain, US, and SU– They agreed to put aside political differences in

order to deal with military operations– They agreed to fight until the Axis Powers

(Germany, Italy and Japan) surrendered unconditionally


• With Japan attacking in the Pacific, Hitler and his European allies continued fighting the war in Europe– In North Africa the Africa Corps, German forces

led by Gen. Erwin Rommel, were closing in on Alexandria

– In the SU the Germans had captured the entire Crimea

• Hitler declared that the British Empire would collapse within two years thanks to the advancements his military was making

Gen. Erwin Rommel (a.k.a. Desert Fox) Libya, January or November 24, 1941


• By the fall of 1942, however, the war had turned against the Germans– In May of 1943 American and British forces forced the

Germans to surrender in North Africa• Back in Russia, Hitler’s generals wanted him to go after the oil

fields– He decided to go after Stalingrad instead– One of the worst battles of the war occurred between Nov.

1942 and Feb. 1943• Eventually the German Sixth Army (considered the

best) was encircled and lost• German forces were now pushed back to where

they had been a year ago– Even Hitler knew they would not defeat the SU


• The turning point in the Pacific is going to come at the Battle of Midway Island– This put the US on the offensive allowing them

to have two operations in place• Douglas MacArthur led troops through the Philippines,

into New Guinea and on to the South Pacific Islands• The other campaign was to take a combination of

Marines, Army and Navy and attack random Japanese-held islands while leaving others until they got to Japan (this was known as “island hopping”)

– After a series of entanglements, the Japanese were losing ground

American troops of the 163rd Infantry Regiment hit the beach from Higgins boats during the invasion of Wadke Island, Dutch New Guinea. May 18, 1945

A Water Buffalo, loaded with Marines, churns through the sea bound for beaches of Tinian Island near Guam." July 1944

Iwo Jima, Feb. 23, 1945

165th Infantry assault wave attacking Butaritari, Yellow Beach Two, find it slow going in the coral bottom waters. Nov. 20, 1943

The March of Death. Along the March on which these prisoners were photographed, they have their hands tied behind their backs. The March of Death was about May 1942, from Bataan to Cabanatuan, the prison camp


• By the beginning of 1943 things were looking bad for the Axis powers– Winston Churchill, the P.M. of Britain, declared that

Italy was the “soft underbelly” of Europe– Allied troops took Sicily in September and turned to

the mainland of Italy• Mussolini was removed from office and arrested by King

Victor Emmanuel III– Italy offered surrender to the Allied forces– Germany busts Mussolini out of jail and puts him in

charge of the government in Northern Italy– It would not be until June 4, 1944 after months of

long battles, that Rome falls to the Allies


• The Allies had been planning an invasion of France from Britain, across the English Channel– They had set a diversion in Pas-de-Calais– On June 6, 1944 (D-Day), led by Dwight D.

Eisenhower, allied forced stormed the beaches in Normandy

– This was the greatest naval invasion in history– Within 3 months, the Allies landed more than 2M

people and ½ a million vehicles– By August, they took Paris back and by March of

1945, they were headed into Germany– By April, they were linked across Germany into

Soviet territory

Scenes from the D-Day Invasion,June 6, 1944


• As British and US forces closed in from the West, the Soviets closed in from the East– Allied forces entered Berlin in April 1945

• Hitler had retreated to a bunker 55 feet under Berlin– He said “Above all I charge the leaders of the nation

and those under them to scrupulous observance of the laws of race and merciless opposition to the universal poisoner of all peoples, international Jewry.”


– On April 30, 1945 Hitler committed suicide

– Mussolini had been killed two days prior

– On May 7th German commanders surrendered

– May 8th is known as V-E Day

Mussolini was hanged in a town square upon his death. He was continually beaten with sticks and other objects. The Italians dislike for him was quite evident. His mistress and many of his guards were hanged with him.


• With the war over in Europe, the US could now turn their attention to Japan– Japan was using kamikaze pilots to blow up targets– Truman, President of the US after the death of FDR,

had to decide whether or not to use the newly created atomic bombs

• On August 6 the US dropped the first atomic bomb on Hiroshima

• On August 9 US dropped the second on Nagasaki• On August 14 Japan surrendered

• The war was finally over– 17M people died in battle– 20M civilians died as well

A dense column of smoke rises more than 60,000 feet into the air over the Japanese port of Nagasaki, the result of an atomic bomb, the second ever used in warfare, dropped on the industrial center August 8, 1945, from a U.S. B-29 Superfortress.

In the background, a Roman Catholic cathedral on a hill in Nagasaki. 1945

The patient's skin is burned in a pattern corresponding to the dark portions of a kimono worn at the time of the explosion. Atomic bomb survivor.1945.

Sailors return to NYC, 1945 American Soldiers after Japan surrenders, 1945

ASSIGNMENT

• Read Ch.26, Sec.3 “The Holocaust” – Answer the Reading Checks– #1,2,4-9

• Read a (P.823) “A German Solider at Stalingrad”– #1-3

• Get with a partner and discuss these questions. Decide which of the three topics do you two have the most to talk about. Then as a set answer this question using things we spoke about in lecture and facts from the book. Using a piece of paper record the information in a Y-graph.

• Do you think the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor had any impact on the outcome of World War II, and did this incident justify Americas entrance into World War II?

• Do you think President Truman’s final decision to drop the atomic bomb was a necessary evil or just plain evil?

• Was Hitler a good military leader or did he make mistakes when it came to his decisions with the war?

• Yes, he was able to create 5.5 million jobs in just 5 years.

• Yes, he brought Germany from a weak poor country to a World Power in 4 years.

• No, he created a two-front war

• Yes, he was able to take control of a country in just 4 years.



• No, he caused a 2 front war.

• No, he could not get into art school.



• No, he went too far and caused an unnecessary war.

• No, he invaded Russia.

Was Hitler an evil genius or just evil?

MeRyan

Us

What we agreed on…

2 3

4

Bell Ringer

• Based on yesterday’s discussion do you think Truman made the right decision to drop the Atomic Bomb on Japan on August 6 and 9th of 1945?

• Remember in 1945 you were unaware of the future complications that would arise due to the Nagasaki and Hiroshima.

THE NEW ORDER AND THE HOLOCAUST• Soon after the conquest of Poland, Hitler and the Nazis

began their “racial program”– Heinrich Himmler, leader of the SS, was put in charge of

the resettlement plans– His task was to move Slavs from Czechoslovakia, Poland,

Ukraine, etc. and replace them with German people– More than 1 million Poles were moved from their homes

and resettled in the Southern part of Poland• By 1942, 2M ethnic Germans had been settled in Poland

• Himmler said 30 Slavs might die and “Whether nations live in prosperity or starve to death interests me only insofar as we need them as slaves for our culture. Otherwise it is of no interest.” – This was supported by the labor shortage in the fact that

they would round up foreigners to come work for Germany

THE NEW ORDER AND THE HOLOCAUST

• Hitler viewed the Jews as parasites who were trying to destroy the Aryans– The SS was given the responsibility of carrying

out what the Nazis called the Final Solution, or genocide of the German people

– Reinhardt Heydrich was the head of the SS’s Security Service• He created a special strike force called the

Einsatzgruppen to carry out the plan• Originally the Jew were grouped into ghettos in

Poland• Later, they were given orders to advance with the

military to round up Jews in the villages and kill them

THE NEW ORDER AND THE HOLOCAUST• Probably 1M Jews were killed by the Einsatzgruppen but

that was too slow for the Nazis– They began building special death camps to kill the

Jewish population– They were packed into freight trains like cattle and

shipped to Poland (the largest was Auschwitz)– About 30 percent of them were sent to work camps,

while the rest were put in gas chambers• A small percent were used for “medical” experiments

– Children were not spared from this; 1.2M Jewish children died in the Holocaust

– Even in Germany’s final days, the Final Solution received priority of resources

THE NEW ORDER AND THE HOLOCAUST

• The Germans killed between 5-6M Jews– They were also responsible for killing 9-10M

non-Jewish people (Gypsies, etc.)• The Allies knew about the death camps, but

instead focused on ending the war– It was not until the end of the war that the

horror and inhumanity of the Holocaust became known

PROGRESSION OF DISCRIMINATION TOWARDS JEWS

• The NAZI party and Adolf Hitler seized power in 1933 and slowly began their program against the Jews of Germany

• In 1933 there were 566,000 Jews living in Germany.

• Each new year in Germany led to harsher policies directed towards the Jews.

1933• NAZIS boycott

Jewish businesses• Issue decree that

defines non-Aryans

• 1933: first concentration camps are built

1934• Jews are not allowed

to have national health insurance

• the SS (Schutzstaffel) is formed

• Hitler becomes Der Fuherer and receives a 90% approval rating from the people

1935- NUREMBERG RACE LAWS

M arry o r h av e sexw ith A rya ns

h ire A rya n w o m ena s m a ids

h a ve r ig h ts o fc i t izen sh ip

Je ws are no t a llow e d to :

1936• SS Deathshead

division is created to guard camps

• Heinreich Himmler is appointed Chief of the German Police

• Olympic games in Berlin, Jews treated better - briefly.

1937• Jews are not allowed

to teach Germans

• Jews cannot be accountants or dentists

• “Eternal Jew” exhibit opened in Germany– showed the 'typical

outward features' of Jews

1938• Nazi troops enter

Austria• League of Nations

considers helping Jews fleeing Hitler, but no country will take them

• Jews are not allowed to practice medicine

1939-KRISTALLNACHT

• Night of Broken Glass

• Jewish stores, shops and synagogues burned down

• Took place because a German official was killed in Paris by a Jew

• November 9, 1939

1939• Reinhard Heydrich

is ordered to speed up emigration of Jews

• The St. Louis is turned away from the US.

• Jews must hand over all gold and silver.

• Nazi troops seize Czechoslovakia

• 350,000 Jews

POLAND 1939• Sept. 1, 1939 Nazis

invade Poland• 3.35 million Jews• Hans Frank

becomes governor of Poland

• Forced labor decree issued and all Jews must wear yellow stars

“I ask nothing of Jews except that they should

disappear”

1940• German Jews are

deported to Poland

• Ghettos of Lodz, Krakow and Warsaw are sealed off.

• Total of 600,000 Jews

• These ghettos will be liquidated starting in 1942

German soldiers rounding up Jews to be placed in ghettos

1941• Nazis invade the

Soviet Union• Jewish population

of 3 million• Hitler issues

infamous “Commissar Order”

• SS Einsatzgruppen follow advance of German Army

“Liquidate all Communist officials you encounter!

EINSATZGRUPPEN• SS “Special Action Groups” organized in early

years of war by Reinhard Heydrich

• Heydrich organized 4 large groups (A,B,C,D) in Soviet Union

• Competition between group leaders to see who could kill the most Jews

• 1,300,000 Russian Jews killed by end of war by these “mobile killing units”

EINSATZ AREA OF OPERATIONS

WANNSEE CONFERENCE

• Heydrich was ordered by Hermann Goering to prepare a “final solution” to the Jewish question

• Heydrich organized a meeting with 15 top Nazi officials in Berlin = Jan. 20, 1942

• Nazis would attempt to exterminate the entire Jewish population of Europe, an estimated 11 million persons

REINHARD HEYDRICH

• Nicknamed “The Blond Beast” and “Hangman Heydrich”

• second in command of Gestapo and SS

• principle planner of the Final Solution

• Brigadier General in SS at the age of 30

HEYDRICH AND FINAL SOLUTION

• “Europe would be combed of Jews from East to West”

• “Madagascar Plan”

• ordered Einsatzs to round up and kill Jews in occupied countries

HEYDRICH ASSASSINATED 1942

• Czech underground agents bombed his car

• SS hunted down and killed 1000 suspects

• Czech town of Lidice was liquidated

• Hilter called him “The man with the iron heart.”

172 men shot in village of Lidice in retaliation.

FINAL SOLUTION• “Now judgment has begun and it will

reach its conclusion only when the knowledge of the Jews has been erased from the earth!” Nazi Newspaper

• There were 3 phases of the Nazi plan to wipe out the Jewish population of Europe

PHASE 1 = SHOOTING

• Jews were rounded up and told they were to be relocated

• They were taken to the woods and were shot one by one

• Their bodies were buried in mass graves

PHASE 2 = GAS VANS

• Again, Jews were rounded up and told they were to be relocated in vans

• The vans were equipped so that the van’s exhaust was piped back into the van

700,000 Jews killed in Vans

PROBLEMS WITH PHASES 1,2

• The Nazis encountered several problems with the executions and gas vans

• First, they were both taking to much time

• Second, resources such as gas and munitions were becoming scarce

• Third, soldiers involved were beginning to have psychological problems with what they were doing.

PHASE 3 = THE CAMPS• Nazi leaders decided to drastically speed up the

Final Solution

• There were two different types of camps:– CONCENTRATION CAMPS– EXTERMINATION CAMPS

• Jews from all over occupied Europe were to be brought here.

CONCENTRATION• 100 of these in Nazi-occupied Europe

• Prisoners used for forced labor

• Prisoners usually lasted less than 1/2 year

• Communists, homosexuals, criminals, social-democrats, artists were placed in concentration camps too.

• First camp was opened in 1933, right after Nazis came to power

RAVENSBRUCK• Camp for women

only• run by German

women who were criminals

• prisoners worked on remodeling furs

• 50,000 killed• 14,000 rescued

by Swedish diplomat

MEDICAL EXPERIMENTS AT RAVENSBRUCK

Nazi doctors sliced open the leg of inmates and deliberately infected the wound with bacteria, dirt, and glass slivers to simulate a battlefield injury. They then treated the wound with drugs.

Nazis at Ravensbruck concentration camp amputated limbs from prisoners in useless attempts to transplant them onto other inmates. Many of the victims perished as a result.

THERESIENSTADT• Most humane

camp• well connected

Jews and war veterans

• Jews married to Aryans could pay to go to this camp

• Red Cross inspected this camp, good rating

• stop over on the way to Auschwitz

EXTERMINATION• Started out as ordinary concentration camps

• Later modified with gassing installations for use on humans, now “DEATH CAMPS”

• two sub-groups:– 1) Majdanek and Auschwitz, Birkenau– 2) Operation Reinhard camps and Chelmno

• “NAZIS GET CLOSE TO CREATING HELL ON EARTH!!!”

CHELMNO

Jews from the Lodz ghetto in Poland sent hereFirst death camp built = 1941

First to use Gas Vans on Jews

CAMPS IN POLAND

MAJDANEK• Established in

1941 as a POW camp

• started its part in the Final Solution in 1942

• Jews, Poles and Soviet POW’s sent here

• had two gas chambers to exterminate

AUSCHWITZ• Started operations in

January 1940 (Poland)• Himmler chose Auschwitz

as the place for the Final Solution

• had 4 gas chambers /crematories by 1943

• mass killings with Zyklon B gas

• commanded by Rudolph Hess

• recorded 12,000 kills in one day

http://www.deathcamps.org/occupation/pic/bigauschwitzair.jpg

THE SS AT AUSCHWITZ

ORDERED TO TAKE ALL POSSESSIONS FROM JEWS

TEETH WITH GOLD

PILES OF GLASSES

ZYKLON-BGAS USED TO KILL VERMIN. IT WAS INEXPENSIVE COMPARED TO GAS. DROPPED FROM CEILINGS

DR. JOSEF MENGELE

• Arrived in Auschwitz in May of 1943

• SS Doctor who had power of life/death

• performed medical experiments on Jewish children

“ANGEL OF DEATH”

MEDICAL EXPERIMENTS• Sterilization of men and women

• endurance of pain to high and low temperatures and pressure

• experiments on twins to increase number of multiple births to Aryan women

• injections of phenol to kill patients

• Dr. Mengele attempted to sew children together to make Siamese twins

MEDICAL EXPERIMENTS

EXTRACTED HUMAN ORGANS

EXPERIMENTS ON CHILDREN IN AUSCHWITZ

OPERATION REINHARD• Largest single massacre of Holocaust

• March 1942-November 1943– named after Reinhard Heydrich– carried out at three camps, run by the

SS

• Every Jew that arrived at one of the camps would be dead in 2 hours.– Total of 1,700,000 Jews killed

BELZEC• MARCH 1942• JEWS FROM LUBIN

GHETTO- POLAND• OPERATIONS

STOP DECEMBER 1942

• CAMP WAS DISMANTLED AND PLOWED OVER AND PLANTED ON

SOBIBOR• MAY 1942• 3 GAS CHAMBERS• ESCAPE OF 300

JEWS AND SOVIET POW’S

• ONLY 50 LIVE• GAS CHAMBERS

SHUT DOWN AFTER ESCAPE

TREBLINKA• JEWS FROM

WARSAW GHETTO• 10 GAS

CHAMBERS• LOCATED EAST OF

WARSAW• BODIES WERE

BURNED IN OPEN PITS

• AUGUST 1943

A Jewish woman from Budapest, victim of starvation experiment in the Dachau "hospital"

A Jewish man in icy water subject to German experiments on pilot survival in sea

SS wardresses transfer bodies of their victims to a mass grave after the British liberation of Belsen, April 1945.

Liberated Jews in Nordhausen, 1945

PEACE AND A NEW WAR

PEACE AND A NEW WAR

• The total victory of the Allies in World War II was followed not by a real peace but by a period of political tensions, known as the Cold War.

• The Cold War will dominate world affairs until the end of the 1980s

THE TEHRAN CONFERENCE

• The leaders of the BIG THREE (Stalin, Roosevelt, Churchill) will meet in November of 1943 to decide the future course of the War.

• Stalin and Roosevelt will decide that the best plan of action will be a British-American attack on Germany through France.

THE YALTA CONFERENCE

• The Big Three will meet again in February 1945 to discuss how to divide Europe upon Germany’s defeat.– Stalin: wanted pro-Soviet buffer states

to protect them from Democratic Western Nations

– Roosevelt: wanted self-determination, meaning the countries would hold elections to determine their political institutions.

THE YALTA CONFERENCE

• The United Nations will be formed at the Yalta Conference. Roosevelt wanted the Big Three Powers to pledge to be part of International Organizations before difficult issues would divide them into hostile camps

• Decided that Germany would be divided into 4 zones, these zones would be governed by the United States, France, Great Britain, and the Soviet Union.

• After World War II, Germany was divided into four zones, occupied by French, British, American, and Soviet troops.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Deutschland_Besatzungszonen_1945_1946.png

· In June of 1948, the French, British and American zones were joined into the nation of West Germany after the Soviets refused to end their occupation of Germany.

Soviet blockade:

West Germany

East Germany

West Berlin

East Berlin

THE POTSDAM CONFERENCE

• July 1945, Roosevelt has died and Truman has stepped in and is demanding free elections in all of Eastern Germany.

• Stalin felt free-elections were anti-Soviet influences, and because the SU lost the most men in WWII he sought security. Security meant Pro-Soviet Eastern States.

A NEW STRUGGLE

• As the War slowly receded into the past, a new struggle was already beginning.

• The West felt that the Soviet Policy was a part of a World-Wide Communist Conspiracy.

• The Soviets viewed the Western, and especially American, policy as nothing less than global capitalist expansion.

ASSIGNMENT

• P.838 #1-17

bell ringer what does the cartoonist suggests hitler is doing? who are the other people in this...

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