Bell Ringer:List one type of muscle and epithelial tissue and

list one location of each.

Objectives:Compare and contrast the types of connective tissues.

Standards Addressed:

Protection, Support, Movement

Connective TissuesGeneral Characteristics

• Function – – Bind structures– Support and protect– Build frameworks– Fill spaces– Store fat– Produce blood cells– Fight infections– Repair tissue damage

General (contd.)

• Structure–Further apart than epithelials–Have an abundance of extracellular

matrix between them (fluid to semisolid – fibrous/non-fibrous proteins)–Can divide–Vary in flexibility

Major Cell Types

• Fibroblasts –most common fixed cell– secrete protein into matrix to produce

fibers• Macrophages–begin as white blood cells–carry out phagocytosis– scavenger/defensive cells

Major Cell Types (contd.)

• Mast Cells– large and found near blood vessels–release heparin to prevent blood

clotting–release histamine, associated with

inflammation and allergies

Connective Tissue Fibers• Collagenous Fibers (ligaments, tendons)– Thick threads of protein, collagen, in bundles– Flexible/slightly elastic – Grouped in parallel bundles– Great tensile strength – resist pulling force

• Elastic Fibers (vocal chords, frequent stretching)– Thin branching protein, elastin, fibers– Weaker than collagenous fibers– Stretch easily and resume original shape

Ligaments vs. Tendons

• Ligaments – attaches bone to bone

• Tendons – attaches muscle to bone

Tissue Categories• Connective Tissue Proper – Loose Connective• Areolar• Adipose• Reticular

– Dense Connective Tissue• Tendons• Ligaments

• Specialized Connective Tissue – cartilage, bond, blood

Adipose Tissue (fat)

• How does it form? Fat is stored in cytoplasm of adipocytes, when the cells crowd each other they form adipose tissue

• Location – beneath the skin, between muscles, around kidneys and heart, behind eyeballs, etc…

• Function – protects and cushions, insulates beneath skin, stores energy

Cartilage

• Functions – provides support, framework, attachments, protects, model for bones

• Why does torn cartilage heal slowly?–Lack of direct blood supply to cartilage

tissue–Cartilage is enclosed by perichondrium

which supplies nutrients by diffusion

Types of Cartilage• Hyaline (most common)– Location – ends of bones, joints, soft part of

nose, rings of respiratory system– Function – model for growth, cushions

shock in joints• Elastic (elastic fibers)– Location – external ear, parts of larynx– Function – flexibility, framework for ear and

larynx

Types (contd.)

• Fibrocartilage (collagenous fibers)– Location – in spaces of weight bearing joins– Function – shock absorption for structure

subjected to pressure

Bone

• Most rigid connective tissue (mineral salts contribute to hardness)

• Functions – support body structures– protection– attachment for muscles– contains red marrow (forming blood)– releases inorganics – calcium and phosphorus

Bone (contd.)

• Healing–Heals more rapidly than cartilage–Well supplied with blood– Every bone is near a supply of nutrients

Blood

• Blood plasma – *extracellular material of vascular connective

tissue– contains elements of blood• red blood cells• white blood cells• platelets

Extracellular Matrix

• Scaffolding to organize cells into tissues• Relays signals that control cell division,

differentiation, and movement• Made of basement membrane and interstitial

matrix• Refer to page 103 at this time