bell work 1. take out your bell work. 2. on the next line, write today’s date. 3. on the next line...
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Bell work1. Take out your bell work.2. On the next line, write today’s date.3. On the next line (or lines), copy today’s bell work questions (below).4. After writing the questions, write your answer in complete sentences.5. After we review the answer to today’s question, correct your answer if needed, and place your bell work into your folder. We will use the same sheet of paper all week. All bell work from this week must be on one sheet of paper. Bell work will be collected on Friday.
Define radial symmetry.
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Date 11/8/13 Subject ZoologyBenchmarks SC.912.L.15.1 Bell work Define radial
symmetry.
Objective Distinguish the major organs of an echinoderm
Agenda • Echinoderm direct instruction
• Echinoderm notes
Essential Question
What structures are specific to echinoderms?
Vocabulary radial symmetry, central disk, radial canal, madeporite
Ticket Out: Notes completion
Homework: NONE
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Bell work
Define radial symmetry.
• Symmetry around a central axis
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GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS
• Ex: sea stars, brittle stars, sand dollars, sea urchins, & sea cucumbers
• All marine
• “Spiny-Skinned Animals”
• Radial Symmetry as adults – 5 parts
• Regenerate = Autotomy
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GENERAL MORPHOLOGY
• A. INTERNAL SKELETON of Calcareous ossicles (plates)
• Variations :
Brittle / Sea Stars – many small plates that move with one another
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Sea Urchin & Sand Dollar – skeleton plates fused into shell called “test”
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Sea Cucumber – degenerated & buried in leathery body
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B. Water Vascular System
• Network of canals – run throughout body ending w/tube feet
• Varying internal water pressure can extend or contract tube feet
• Tube feet end in small suction cups
• Used in locomotion, food capture, & respiration
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C.• Mouth on oral surface
(bottom / ventral)
• Anus on aboral surface (top / dorsal)
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ECHINODERM TYPES
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SEA STARS• 5 Arms / Rays 4 – 10”
• Prey on bivalves (clams, mussels) & coral
• Many eat w/stomach outside body; pop stomach out mouth
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Body Plan
• 2 – 4 rows of tube feet on each ray extend from ambulacral groove
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• Have pedicellariae or tiny, forceps-like structures on aboral surf. to pick up & remove dirt
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Water Vascular System• Water enters
madreporite on aboral surface into a short, straight stone canal
• Stone canal connects to circular canal around the mouth = ring canal.
• Enters five radial canals extending down each arm
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Water Vascular System
• Radial canals carry water to hundreds of paired tube feet.
• Bulb-like sacs or ampulla on tube feet contract & create suction
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Other Body Systems
• No circulatory, excretory, or respiratory systems
• No head or brain
• Eyespots on the tips of each arm detect light
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Reproduction
• Separate sexes
• External fertilization
• Females produce 200,000,000 eggs / season; meroplankton
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BRITTLE STARS
• Most mobile; fast
• Snake-like movement
• Disc .4 – 1.2 “; arms 2 – 2.4 “
• Scavengers
• In largest class (with basket stars)
• Arms break off readily
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BRITTLE STAR LARVA
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SEA CUCUMBERS
• Lack arms & visible spines; elongated
• Flexible, leathery body
• Burrowers
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• 5 rows of tube feet run length of body
• 10-30 modified tube feet form tentacles
around mouth
• Tentacles have sticky ends to trap plankton; or eat detritus
• Breathes through anus
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• Eject internal organs to scare predators (evisceration) ; regenerate in days
• Symbiosis with Pearl Fish which lives in its anus.
• Feed on gonads by day
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• Filter Feeders
• Can detach & move around
Sea lilies & feather stars
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Sea Urchins
• Spines for protection, moving, trapping food
• Shell = test• Divided into 10 sections
• 5 Ambulacral w/tube feet• 5 Interambulacral without
• Covered w/muscle & skin to help mobility
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• Tube feet – moving, capturing food
• Pedicellarea – cleaning & defense
• Aristotle’s Lantern – 5 teeth together like bird’s beak; to scrape algae from rocks
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Sand Dollars • Flattened version of urchin
• Live in sand along coastlines
• Food falls between dense spines & carried to mouth by cilia & tube feet
• Tiny, moveable spines for burrowing
• Aristotle’s Lantern
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Sea Biscuits
• Not as flat as dollars
• Live in sand along coastlines;
burrow• Tube feet for respiration• Pedicellarea• Eat detritus in sand • Short dense spines for
movement cover test
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What’s next
• Echinoderm notes, on Moodle
• Write your answers on paper for inclusion with your folder.
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Friday 11/8 – Staple folder assignments together in the following order:
• Bell work
• Distinguishing Arthropods (Monday)
• Grasshopper Dissection (Tuesday)
• Spider Classification (Wednesday)
• Parasite Reading Comprehension (Thursday)
• Echinoderm Notes (Friday)
• Homework – Arthropod Review