PSYCHOLOGY!!!!!!Bell Work: Explanation of Tasks

Get books and foldersTask #1: Best of your knowledge

What is psychology? What work do you think psychologists do? What do psychologists study? Why is psychology important?

Study of behavior and mental processes Counselors, therapists, or researchers Study how people react to situations, why,

and experiment to see if you can change reactions

Studying human behavior and how we think can often help people see things differently; it can also help w/how people approach their own behavior as well as how they approach others’ behaviors.◦ Example????

Psychology

Psychology◦ Scientific study of behavior and mental processes

Behavior◦ Any observable or measurable action

Goals of Psychology? Out loud Read pg. 4/5 Goals (Break these down on the board)

◦ Observe◦ Describe◦ Explain◦ Predict◦ Control

Notes: Good times!!

Psychology as a science (2 times over)◦ Social science (b/c it studies human

society/people)◦ Natural: b/c it can concern processes of the brain

(biology) but mostly b/c it uses the scientific method in attempting to answer questions!! Conduct experiments, collect/analyze data, draw

conclusions

Psychology is a science?

Task #2: Read Case Study on Page. 7 Begin PowerMediaPlus Video

◦ Story of Psychology

Anchor Work

Grab textbook and journal folders Task #3

◦ Read/Answer thinking about Psychology on pg. 6 Go over answers to Bell work with 12

o’clock partner

Post Bell Work; after we go over material!!◦ Read assigned section of book and do “Give one

take one” reading activity

Bell Work

Research: Where psychologists test their ideas w/ 2 main types◦ Surveys: Magazine example

Collecting data by asking questions to people in a particular group

◦ Experimentation: Ruler example Testing whether certain factors will influence a desired outcome

Norwood example: he kicks good @ practice w/ no pressure; put noise and his new girlfriend around and he misses

Theories: This is how psychologists organize their ideas about behavior.◦ Theory: is a statement that attempts to explain why things

are the way they are and/or happen the way they do Norwood: Scott gets anxious when there are a lot of people

around and he begins to focus on them and not the task at hand

Research/Theories

Finish Video◦ Story of Psychology

Anchor Work

With your 3 o’clock partner prepare 2 clues for the sub-category you talked about yesterday

Write your clues on the board◦ Answer the others clues on the board from classmates

Answers should be in your journal folder under Task #4!!◦ Example:

This type/area of psychology deals a lot with businesses, testing centers, and can also have private practices Counseling

This type/area of psychology deals in hospitals, and usually helps people with serious psychological problems Clinical

Bell Work

Theories: This is how psychologists organize their ideas about behavior.◦ Theory: is a statement that attempts to explain

why things are the way they are and/or happen the way they do Norwood: Scott gets anxious when there are a lot of

people around and he begins to focus on them and not the task at hand

Finish Notes and ruler example!!

Introspection◦ Method introduced by Socrates in his statement “know

thyself”◦ What do you think he meant by this?

That you can learn a lot about oneself by carefully examining our own thoughts and feelings

◦ Definition? Method of learning that involves looking within yourself

◦ TPS Activity Think about one positive action and one negative action you

have done in the past week……. Be honest but nothing that will get you in trouble Use introspection and examine your motives/feelings when you did

those actions…. Then look at the outcomes again and how they could’ve changed

Pair/Share with a partner

History of Psychology

Psychology moved from philosophical thought into modern science◦ 1st evidence of move:

1879 Wilhelm Wundt est. 1st psychology laboratory

Move into Modern Psychology

Task #5◦ Complete Thinking about Psychology, pg. 11

Finally finish video on story of Psychology

Anchor Activities

Task #6: Answer these questions below◦ TPS; Ready to share answers 5-7 min’s in!!

Statement that attempts to explain why things are the way they are◦ Theory

Where psychologists test their ideas? 2 types◦ Research; experiments and surveys

What is introspection?◦ Process of learning by examining our own

thoughts/feelings Who/when established the 1st psych. Lab?

◦ Wilhelm Wundt, 1879

Bell Work

Wilhelm Wundt: Structuralism◦ Founder of 1st psych. Lab; and Struct. Field of

psych.◦ Structuralism: concerned w/discovering basic

elements of conscious experience. Broken down into 2 categories Objective Sensations: sight, taste, sound, touch

assumed to accurately reflect outside world Subjective Sensations: Included emotional

responses and mental images

Major Early Players in Modern Psych

Structuralism: Mind combines 2 categories to function

Example: AppleObjectively you can experience the apple by observing its shape, color, texture, and tasteSubjectively you can experience the apple by remembering how good it feels to bit into it!!

Example: Lucy pulling fball from charlie brown

Objectively:Feel pain, blood in mouth

Subjectively: Remember pain, blood in

mouth from last time!

Think of two things or actions that you could apply the Structuralism approach to

TPS w/table partner Share w/ class Football Hit starter

◦ Objective

◦ Subjective

Quick Tie-in activity

William James◦ One of founders of functionalist school of thought and

writer of one of 1st psych. Textbooks Functionalists: Concerned w/how mental processes

help organisms adapt to their environment.◦ What are the purposes (functions) of behavior and mental

processes?◦ What do certain behavior/mental processes accomplish for

this person?◦ Proposed that adaptive behavior patterns are learned and

maintained b/c they are successful Successful adaptive actions are repeated and eventually

become habit….. Driving, opening a door, unlocking a door, etc.

William James: Functionalism

Read pgs. 13-14 ◦ Structuralism and Functionalism

Two Groups: Group Read aloud

Review

Task #7: Calvin Comic on Page 14 10 minutes, really think about the answers!! Analyze as to how a structuralist might view

the experience◦ Calvin’s Subjective, or personal, feelings that the bike is dangerous

are overwhelming his objective sensations, which should indicate that the bike can’t go anywhere unless he, himself, makes it go.

Analyze as to how a functionalist might view the experience◦ If Calvin’s father continues to force Calvin to get on the bike before

he is ready, Calvin may stop trying. Or, if Calving experiences successes on the bike, he will propably repeat his attempts, and gradually riding the bike will become easy and like a habit.

Lesson Anchor: Look at comic on pg.14

Grab texts and journals Create chart on 1st two schools talked about

Thurs.◦ Basically fill in 1st two sections

One volunteer to leave the room to introduce behaviorism

Bell Work

John B. Watson: Behaviorism◦ Argued against thinking of the time◦ Believed psychology should be limited to the study

of observable/measurable events (behaviors) B.F. Skinner: Behaviorism

◦ Added to the behaviorist idea by introducing reinforcement When an animal is reinforced (rewarded) for an action,

it is more likely to repeat that action Believed humans learn in much the same way

◦ Examples: Circus animals, rats in a maze, your own pets!

Early schools of thought (Sect. 3)

Read the section on pgs. 16-17 answer fig. 1.2

Gestalt School: Wolfgang Kohler◦ Means “shape” or “form” in German◦ Idea that perceptions are more than the sum of

their parts Learning, esp. problem solving, is done by insight not

mechanical repetition (behaviorism) Insight is the re-organization of perceptions that

enable an individual to solve a problem

Early schools of thought (Sect. 3)

Psychoanalysis: Sigmund Freud (read section)◦ Freud is most famous of early psychologists◦ Psychoanalysis: emphasizes the importance of

unconscious motives and internal conflicts in determining/predicting human behavior People are driven by impulses and that verbal slips

(Freudian slips) and dreams represent our unconscious wishes

Believed most of mind is unconscious (unaware) and consists of our impulses, urges, and desires, esp. sexual and aggressive People’s behavior is directed @ satisfying those impulses

Early schools of thought (Sect. 3)

Task #8: Two Things◦ 1. answer the thinking about psychology on pg.17◦ 2. Think of all the times today in which you have

been reinforced in a positive way. Write down 5 and then evaluate each one as to whether it was effective just then or a majority of the time!

Lesson Closing

Grab books, folders, and have notes ready!! Get together assigned readers,

◦ Read: 6 Contemporary Perspectives Pgs. 18-21

Bell Work

Theoretical Perspective (not a school of thought)◦ General set of assumptions over the nature of

something. In psych. Each of the 6 persp.’s have a different assumption about the nature of behavior and mental process

Biological Perspective◦ Emph.’s influence of biology on our behavior.

Interested in influence of our brain/nervous system on behavior

6 contemporary Perspectives

Cognitive Perspective◦ Emphasizes the role played by thoughts in

determining behavior. ◦ Investigate the ways in which people perceive

information and make mental images of the world, solve problems, and dream

Humanistic Perspective◦ Stressed the human capacity for self-fulfillment

and the of consciousness, self-awareness, and capacity to make choices

◦ Believe people to be free to choose own behavior

6 contemporary Perspectives

Psychoanalytic Perspective◦ Stresses the influence of unconscious forces on

human behavior (sex/aggression drives) Learning Perspective

◦ Emph.’s the effects of experience on behavior.◦ Idea that personal experience/reinforcement

guide behaviors Socio-Cultural

◦ Factors like ethnicity, gender, culture and economic status all impact human behavior and mental processes

6 contemporary Perspectives

Billy Assignment◦ With your 12 o’clock partners Read Billy Handout

and apply assigned approach to his case After 10 minutes everyone will present their findings

and each group needs to have a bit of info for each of the 5 perspectives

Ending Activity: Exit Pass◦ Have first 2-3 columns of each perspective filled

out. ◦ This will be important b/c it will be on test and

referred to for the entire semester.

Task #10

Get Books, folders Finish Billy Activity Finish attempting to put any information

into the chart.

Bell Work

Summarize Points 1 -4 on page 22◦ Write down a couple things under each point that

gives you the best ability to understand it

Chapter Closing: Task #11

Task #12◦ Complete all of Term/Concept review as well as

Critical thinking on page 23◦ Go Over Tomorrow along with working on

projects!! Review Time on Computers

This will be hard-copy time where you need to be getting the basic information you will be presenting out of the text and on paper ready to transfer into ppt.

Lesson Closing