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Bell Work1.What does a pedigree show?

2.Look at these two nucleotide sequences: ATTGCGCCGTA and ATTGCGCAGTA. What type of mutation is shown in the second sequence?

3.What is the mutation called when a piece of a chromosome breaks off and reattaches backwards?

Tuesday, January 15, 2013




inheritance of a trait





substitution






substitution


inversion


Karyotype Quiz• List 2 things karyotypes identify

• Define autosome

• Sex chromosomes for male? female?

• Total number of chromosomes for humans? pairs?

• Match the following:

• 1. Down’s syndrome

• 2. Edward’s syndrome

• 3. Crit du chat

• 4. Kleinfelter’s syndrome

• 5. Fragile X syndrome

a. #5 Chromosome upper arm is brokenb. Extra X chromosome (XXY); only in malesc. Extra #21 chromosomed. X chromosome appears to be brokene. Extra #18 chromosome


Identify the sex and explain the disorder


DNA Finger Printing


DNA Finger Printing1.DNA Extraction:


DNA Finger Printing1.DNA Extraction: : DNA is separatedfrom everything else


DNA Finger Printing1.DNA Extraction: : DNA is separated

2.Because DNA is too long, it is ___ into ______________ using restriction enzymes.

from everything else



2.Because DNA is too long, it is ___ into ______________ using restriction enzymes.cut




2.Because DNA is too long, it is ___ into ______________ using restriction enzymes.cut smaller pieces






3.Fragments are _________ by gel electrophoresis.






separated






separated

4.The patterns on the gel can be compared.


Gel Electrophoresis


Gel ElectrophoresisDNA fragments are placed on a special gel, and

separated using an electric current.




• Smaller pieces move towards the bottom quicker.




• Smaller pieces move towards the bottom quicker.• Bands can be compared to determine a match.Tuesday, January 15, 2013

Gel ElectrophoresisThere are two types of questions you might see.



SuspectWho’s the killer?


___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___



Evid

ence

Susp

ect

1

Susp

ect

2




Perfect match




PaternityWho’s the daddy?

Perfect match





___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___

Chi

ld

Dad

dy 1

Dad

dy 2

Perfect match





Perfect matchClosest match, because

only half the DNA comes from the father


Who’s the killer?

___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___

Evid

ence

Susp

ect

1

Susp

ect

2 ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___

Evid

ence

Susp

ect

1

Susp

ect

2

___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___

Evid

ence

Susp

ect

1

Susp

ect

2

___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___

Evid

ence

Susp

ect

1

Susp

ect

2


Who’s the daddy?

___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___

Chi

ld

Dad

dy 1

Dad

dy 2

___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___

Chi

ld

Dad

dy 1

Dad

dy 2

___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___

Chi

ld

Dad

dy 1

Dad

dy 2

___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___

Chi

ld

Dad

dy 1

Dad

dy 2


Practice1. A condition is autosomal recessive. The pedigree shows the inheritance of this condition in the family. Which of the following is the likely genotype of individual 1?a. eeb. Eec. XeYd. XEXE


Practice1. A condition is autosomal recessive. The pedigree shows the inheritance of this condition in the family. Which of the following is the likely genotype of individual 1?a. eeb. Eec. XeYd. XEXE

Autosomal: not a sex chromosome


Practice2. The pedigree shows the inheritance of a genetic condition over two generations. Which set of numbered individuals has the greatest chance of producing a child that is affected by this condition?a. 1b. 2c. 3d. 4


Practice3. Look at these two nucleotide sequences: ATTGCGCCGTA & ATTGCGCGTA. What type of mutation is shown in the second sequence?a. substitutionb. insertionc. deletiond. radiation


Practice4. Which of the following would be least likely to cause a gene mutation?a. exposure to x-ray radiationb. exposure to ultraviolet radiationc. exposure to tobacco smoked. exposure to loud noises


Practice5. During meiosis, part of chromosome 5 breaks off and attaches to chromosome 6. What is this mutation called?a. deletionb. substitutionc. duplicationd. translocation


Practice6. What can a karyotype be used for?a. predict genetic disorders in future generationsb. show an abnormal number of chromosomesc. prove paternityd. link a suspect with a crime scene


Practice7. What does a gene mutation often result in?a. incorrect coding of a proteinb. a more serious chromosome mutationc. a recessive trait passed on to offspringd. a dominant trait passed on to offspring


Practice8. The DNA fingerprint results from four dogs and a puppy are shown. If the puppy is to be registered, the father must be known. Which of the following dogs would be the puppy’s father?a. Dog #1b. Dog #2c. Dog #3d. Dog #4


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