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Bell Work Read The Making of the Modern Presidency on page 423 and answer the Analyzing Primary Sources on page 423.

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Expanding Role of Government

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Review President Obama negotiates a trade agreement with Panama. President Obama accepts the Democratic Partys nomination for President. President Obama proposes a health care law. What presidential role does each example demonstrate.

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Learning Goal As a result of what we do today, you will be able to explain the reasons for the growth of the government over time through writing and analyzing political cartoons and charts.

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President Washingtons Cabinet Secretary of StateThomas Jefferson, 1789 Edmund Randolph, 1794 Timothy Pickering, 1795 Secretary of the TreasuryAlexander Hamilton, 1789 Oliver Wolcott, Jr., 1795 Secretary of WarHenry Knox, 1789 Timothy Pickering, 1795 James McHenry, 1796 Attorney GeneralEdmund Randolph, 1789 William Bradford, 1794 Charles Lee, 1795

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President Obamas Cabinet Department of State Hillary Clinton Department of the Treasury Timothy Geithner Department of Defense Leon Panetta Department of Justice Eric Holder Department of the Interior Ken Salazar Department of Agriculture Tom Vilsack Department of Commerce John Bryson Department of Labor Hilda Solis Department of Health and Human Services Kathleen Sebelius Department of Housing and Urban Development Shaun Donovan Department of Transportation Ray LaHood Department of Energy Stephen Chu Department of Education Arne Duncan Department of Veterans Affairs Eric Shinseki Department of Homeland Security Janet Napolitano

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Growth of the Cabinet Over time, the number of executive departments grew in large part because the workload of the Federal government grew. The term department is reserved for agencies of cabinet rank. What are some reasons its workload grew? -More complex society -Peoples expectations grew

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Complexity In comparison with the Executive Branch as organized by the first Congress, the Executive Branch today has grown larger and more complex. Think of some ways the Executive Branch is more complex. (Think of issues the government now deals with.)

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Why else has the government grown? In the American federal system, the scope of the national governments authority grew significantly because of the Supreme Courts interpretation of the Commerce Clause. -Gives Congress the power to regulate trade between the states. Gibbons v. Ogden It is an enumerated power.

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Implied Powers Necessary and Proper Clause Elastic Clause The implied powers in the Constitution show that the writers recognized that the powers of government needed to be able to adapt to change. Example - 1 st Bank of the United States McCullough v. Maryland Government has an implied power to establish national banks without states attempting the prevent their existence through taxes.

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Federal vs. State Power The Constitution gave more power to the federal government and less to the states. -Articles of Confederation gave too much power to the states. Over time, federal power has increased over state power.

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Importance of States States are often called the laboratories of democracy. -They implement novel social and economic policies. They try new things that the federal government later adopts.

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How does government power change? One way we can give and take authority away from the government is through the amendment process. 17 th Amendment Direct election of Senators 22 nd Amendment 2 term limit for Presidents 26 th Amendment Voting age lowered to 18

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Amendments Once an amendment has been added the Constitution, it can only be changed by creating another amendment. 18 th Amendment Prohibition 21 st Amendment Repealed prohibition

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Growth of Government Write an opinion paragraph about the following: Is the growth of government a good thing or a bad thing? Why? You must consider peoples expectations of the governments role in their lives, the complexity of society, and new problems our country faces.

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Activity You will be shown a graph on the next slide. Look at it closely. Write 3 conclusions about the size of the government from information that you get from the graph.

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Activity 2 Take a copy of the Indicator 2 common activity from Mr. Nelson. Answer the questions. Be prepared to discuss your answers in class.

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Activity 3 Read pages 458 to 462 about the budget process. Write one sentence summarizing each blue subheading. Does the growth of the budget constitution too much government growth?

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Exit Slip Name 2 reasons for the growth of the government over time.

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