Bell Work Thursday 10/03

Look in your book beginning on page 263 to find the answers

• 1. Why is the Qur’an considered holy only when written in Arabic?

• 2. What is the sunna designed to show?

• 3.What does the shar’ia help regulate?

Beliefs and Practices of Islam

• Sunna- The model for proper living

• Shari’a- A body of law assembled from the teachings of the Qur’an and Sunna– Regulated family life,

moral conduct, and business and community life

The Muslim World (Pt. 2)

Chapter 10

Section 2-Islam Expands

Muhammad’s Successors Spread Islam

• Muslims wanted to carry on Islam but Muhammad had not named a successor – They were not sure

how to choose a new leader

Muhammad’s Successors Spread Islam

• “Rightly Guided” Caliphs-– Caliph-Successor or deputy– After the prophets death many

Muslims left Islam others rebelled

• Abu-Bakr-Friend of Muhammad and 1st Caliph used the Qur’an for guidance– Called for Jihad to justify and

expand Islam

Muhammad’s Successors Spread Islam

• Umar-– Conquered Syria and lower Egypt and parts of

the Sassanid Empire

• Uthman and Ali-– Continued expansion and by 750 the Muslim

empire stretched 6,000 miles from the Atlantic Ocean to the Indus River

• Jihad- Striving (an inner struggle against evil)

Muhammad’s Successors Spread Islam

• Reasons for Success-– The four “Rightly Guided” Caliphs saw their

victories as a sign of Allah’s support– By the time Muslim armies arrived the

Byzantine and Sassanid armies were exhausted– Oppressed people welcomed the Muslims as

“Liberators”– Islam was attractive and offered equality and

hope• Also Muslims did not have to pay a poll tax

Internal Conflict Creates a Crisis

• Sunni-Shi’s Split-– Shi’a- Party of Ali

• Believed that the Caliph should be a descendent of the prophet

– Sunni- Followers of Muhammad’s example

– Sufi- Rejected the luxury of the Umayyad’s life style instead they pursued poverty and spirituality

Section 3-Muslim Culture

Muslim Society

• Four Social Classes-– Upper Class- Muslims from

birth– Second Class- Muslim

converts– Third Class- The “Protected

People” (Jews and Christians)

– Lower Class- Slaves (all non-Muslim)

Muslim Society

• Role of Women-• The Quran says “Men are the

managers of the affairs of women” and “Righteous Women are Obedient”

• Men and women as believers are equal

• Shari’a granted rights– Marriage– Property– Family

Muslim Scholarship Extends Knowledge

• Reasons for supporting science and knowledge– Wanted skilled

physicians to treat their ills

– Used math and astronomy to calculate times of prayer

– Even the Prophet Muhammad revered the power of learning

Muslim Scholarship Extends Knowledge

• Muslim Literature

– The Qur’an is the most beautiful form of Arabic literature and poetry

Muslim Scholarship Extends Knowledge

• Muslim Art and Architecture- – Muslims also believed that

only Allah could create living beings so they perfected calligraphy (hand drawings)

• Also used woodwork, glass, and ceramics