Bell Work Thursday 1/29 Look in your book beginning on page 592 and begin reading to find the answers 1. Why were Spanish cloth and manufactured goods more expensive then those made elsewhere? 2. Who was considered the greatest Dutch painter? Name one of his paintings? 3. What are absolute monarchs? Absolute Monarchs in Europe Chapter 21 Section 1-Spains Empire and European Absolutism A Powerful Spanish Empire Philip II- Son of Charles V Inherited Spain, the Spanish Netherlands and Spains American colonies Philip was shy, serious, deeply religious, and aggressive for the sake of his empire A Powerful Spanish Empire Philip IIs Empire- Controlled Portugals holdings, strongholds in Africa, India, and the East Indies Received 1/4 th to 1/5 th of each ships treasure Supported an army of 50,000 Defended and supported Catholicism against Muslims Golden Age of Spanish Literature During the 16 th and 17 th century Spain experienced a golden age in arts El Greco- Means the Greek Paintings represented the deep Catholic faith of Spain Were often hard to understand Diego Velazquez- His paintings reflected the pride of the Spanish monarchy Golden Age of Spanish Literature Don Quixote- Published in 1605 Called the birth of the modern European novel Written by Miguel de Cervantes Story surrounds a poor man who read to many novels about kings, than went crazy The Spanish Empire Weakens Inflation and Taxes Inflation-The decline in the value of money Causes of Spanish inflation Population had increased and due to the increased need for goods merchants raised prices The value of the silver bullion had decreased The Spanish Empire Weakens Making Spains Enemies Rich Spain bought most of their products from France, England and the Netherlands To finance their wars they borrowed money from German and Italian bankers The Independent Dutch Prosper The Netherlands won their independence from Spain in 1579 They had the best banks and the best artists in Europe during the 1600s Rembrandt van Rijn- Painted wealthy middle-class merchants and groups Famous works also included The Night Watch and a series of paintings about Jesus The Independent Dutch Prosper Dutch Trading Empire- Had the largest fleet of ships in the world 4,800 ships Dutch East Indian Company- Dominated the spice trade and the Indian Ocean trade Absolutism in Europe Absolute Monarchs- Kings or Queens held all the power within their states boundaries Divine Right- The belief that God created the monarch and monarchy to act as representatives of God Bell Work Wednesday 2/04 Look in your book beginning on page 596 to find the answers 1. What declaration was made in the Edict of Nantes? 2. What was the job of an intendant? 3. What was the result of the War of Spanish Succession? Section 2-The Reign of Louis XIV Religious Wars and Power Struggles Henry IV- In 1589 became the 1 st king of the Bourbon dynasty in France He was decisive, fearless in battle and a clever politician Converted to Catholicism to make the people of France happy Religious Wars and Power Struggles Edict of Nantes- Declaration of religious tolerance that allowed the Huguenots to set up their own place of worship Religious Wars and Power Struggles Cardinal Richelieu- A strong minister appointed by Louis XIII to compensate for his weakness Took two steps to increase the power of the Bourbon monarchy Moved against the Huguenots Felt Protestantism was an excuse for conspiracies against the Catholic Church Sought to weaken the power of nobles Writers Turn Towards Skepticism Skepticism- The idea that nothing can ever be known for certain To doubt was viewed as the first step to discovering the truth Louis XIV Comes to Power Louis XIV- Most powerful ruler in French History Viewed the state and himself as one and the same His goal was to become so strong that the nobles could never threaten him Louis XIV Comes to Power Intendants-Government agents who collected taxes and administered justice in France under Louis XIV Jean Baptiste Colbert-Minister of France who believed they should be self sufficient Fan of mercantilism Gave tax breaks to French companies Recognized how vital Frances colonies were in terms of receiving raw materials Louis Fights Disastrous Wars By 1660 France had a population of 20 million people Frances army was superior to the other European Countries in: The size of their army Their training Their weaponry Louis Fights Disastrous Wars The War of Spanish Succession- Lasted from 1701 to 1714 Charles II of Spain had promised the throne to Frances Philip of Anjou England, Austria, Dutch Republic, Portugal and several German and Italian states joined forces to prevent the union of the France and Spain thrones Louis Fights Disastrous Wars The War of Spanish Succession Treaty of Utrecht-Stated that Philip could remain king of Spain as long as both thrones remained separate England emerges as the big winner They captured the fort at Gibraltar Received permission to send slaves to Spains American colonies England also received Nova Scotia and Newfoundland (In modern day Canada) Louis Fights Disastrous Wars Louis Death and His Legacy Positive Effects: France ranked as the best European country in terms of art, literature, and statesmanship Strongest military power in Europe Negative Effects: The Palace of Versailles plunged France into debt There was resentment over high taxes and Louis abuse of power Bell Work Thursday 2/05 Look in your book beginning on page 603 to find the answers 1. What were the major conflicts during the Thirty Years War 2. How did Ferdinand II pay the 125,000 soldiers who served in his army? 3. What countries were allies during the Seven Years War? Section 3-Central European Monarchs Clash The Thirty Years War A conflict over religion, territory, and power among European ruling families that lasted from 1618 to It can be broken down into two parts The Hapsburg Triumphs The Hapsburg Defeats The Thirty Years War The Hapsburg Triumphs Hapsburg armies from Austria and Spain crushed Protestant forces in Germany and those hired by princes as well as the Czech uprising Ferdinand II paid his 125,000 man army by allowing them to loot the areas they attacked The Thirty Years War The Hapsburg Defeats- 1630 Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden and his 23,000 man army drove the Hapsburg army out of Germany 1635 Cardinal Richelieu sent French troops to help German and Swedish protestants fighting the Hapsburgs The Thirty Years War Peace of Westphalia-1648 Weakened the Hapsburg states of Austria and Germany Awarded France German territory Made German princes independent of the Holy Roman Empire Ended religious wars in Europe Created a method of negotiations for reaching peace States Form in Central Europe Economic contrasts in the West Serfs in the west moved to towns and gained economic power through the development of capitalism The aristocracy in Central Europe passed laws to restrict the serfs ability to gain freedom The Ottoman Empire and Holy Roman Empire had been severely weakened by the 1600s Persia Challenges Austria Frederick The Great- Loved music, philosophy and poetry His father feared he wasnt militarily savvy enough to rule When he and his friend ran away his punishment was to watch his friends beheading He encouraged religious tolerance, legal reform and felt a king should act like a father to his people Persia Challenges Austria The Seven Years War- 1756 Frederick attacked Saxony as a result all major European powers were now at war Britain and Prussia on one side Austria, France, and Russia on the other The war was fought in Europe, India and North America The War ended in 1763 with no major territorial changes European Monarchs Timeline Directions: Please create a timeline the included 9 important dates (3 from each section) from Chapter 21 Sections 1-3. Make sure to include a sentence with each date explaining its importance. European Monarchs Timeline Bell Work Friday 2/06 Look in your book beginning on page 608 to find the answers 1. How did Ivan The Terrible deal with the boyars during his bad period? 2. What city did Peter build as the new capital of Russia? 3. Name two ways Peter tried to westernize Russia? Section 4-Absolute Rulers of Russia The First Czar Boyars-Russias land owning nobles Czar-Russian term for Caesar Ivan The Terrible- The years 1547 to 1560 are referred to as his Good Period He won great victories Added new land to Russia Created a code of law Ruled Justly The First Czar Ivans Bad Period He blamed the boyars of poisoning his wife Anastasia Created a police force to hunt down and kill those he considered traitors He gave the boyars estates to nobles he considered loyal to him In 1581 Ivan killed his oldest son during a violent fight Peter the Great Comes to Power Peter The Great- One of Russias greatest reformers Ruled from 1696 to 1725 Great Embassy-Peters long visit to Western Europe Peters goals were to learn about European customs and manufacturing techniques Peter Rules Absolutely Religious differences widened the gap between Europe and Russia Russians practiced Eastern Orthodox Christianity Western Europeans were either Catholic or Protestant Westernization- Peters goal of using western Europe as a model for change in Russia This included a 200,000 man army paid for by heavy taxes Peter Rules Absolutely Peters plan for Westernizing Russia Introduced potatoes Started Russias first news paper Raised the social status of women by inviting them to social gatherings Ordered nobles to wear western fashion Introduced school that taught the arts, science and navigation St. Petersburg was built as Russias new capital city Bell Work Monday 2/09 Look in your book beginning on page 615 to find the answers 1.Why was the death of Charles I considered revolutionary? 2. What rights were guaranteed under the Habeas Corpus Act? 3. How does a constitutional monarchy differ from an absolute monarchy? Section 5-Parliament Limits the English Monarchy Monarchs Defy Parliament Charles I- Took the throne in 1625 Always seemed to need money b/c he was at war with Spain and France Signed the Petition of Right but ignored it Monarchs Defy Parliament Petition of Right- The king would not imprison subjects w/out due cause No taxes w/out Parliaments consent Soldiers would not be housed in private homes Martial law would not be imposed during peace time English Civil War English Civil War-1642 to 1649 Parliament had passes laws to limit royal power and Charles I tried to have Parliamentary leaders arrested Cavaliers or Royalists = Those loyal to King Charles Puritans = Supporters of Parliament Ended with the beheading of Charles I First time a reigning monarch had faced a public trial and execution English Civil War Oliver Cromwell- By 1645 Cromwells New Model Army had began defeating the Cavaliers In 1647 they captured King Charles and took him prisoner Charles's was found guilty of treason and beheaded 1649 Cromwell abolished the monarchy and established a commonwealth Laws that supported puritan morality abolished sinful activities such as theatre, sporting events and dancing Restoration and Revolution Restoration- Period of time in which the monarchy was restored under Charles II Habeas Corpus- Passed in 1679 this law gave prisoners' a written guarantee that they would be brought before the judge to specify their charges Restoration and Revolution Glorious Revolution- The bloodless overthrow of King James II in 1688 Seven members of Parliament invited William and Mary to overthrow James The goal was to overthrow him for the sake of Protestantism James fled to France when William invaded Limits on Monarchs Power Constitutional Monarchy- Laws limited the power of rulers Parliament became William and Marys partner in governing Cabinet- Ministers/officials acting in the rulers name but truly represented the major party in Parliament This was the link between the monarch and the major Parliamentary party Limits on Monarchs Power Bill of Rights- Drafted in 1689 it was designed to clarify the limits of royal power Listed what the ruler could not do No suspending parliaments laws No levying taxes without a grant from parliament No interference with Parliaments freedom of speech No penalty for citizens who used petition to bring their grievances to the king Chapter 21 Review Terms