Bell Work:Bell Work: What are the 3 main religions What are the 3 main religions

emerging from Protestant emerging from Protestant Reformation?Reformation?

Martin LutherMartin Luther1483-15461483-1546

From Germany, son of a copper minerFrom Germany, son of a copper miner Lightning stormLightning storm 1505- entered a monastery1505- entered a monastery 1507- became an ordained priest1507- became an ordained priest 1512- became a professor of theology at the 1512- became a professor of theology at the

University of Wittenberg.University of Wittenberg. Struggled with anxiety over his salvationStruggled with anxiety over his salvation

– ““He who through faith is righteous shall live”He who through faith is righteous shall live”– Began to disagree with Catholic Church teachingsBegan to disagree with Catholic Church teachings

Luther’s TeachingsLuther’s Teachings -What Luther wanted to change:-What Luther wanted to change:

– No IndulgencesNo Indulgences– No ConfessionNo Confession– No PilgrimagesNo Pilgrimages– No Prayers to saintsNo Prayers to saints– Simplify ritual of the mass, instead focus Simplify ritual of the mass, instead focus

on sermonon sermon– Clergy should be able to marryClergy should be able to marry

The English The English ReformationReformation

King Henry VIIIKing Henry VIII What role did What role did

Henry VIII play in Henry VIII play in the Protestant the Protestant Reformation?Reformation?

He made England He made England a Protestant a Protestant country to fulfill country to fulfill his own agenda; his own agenda; not for religious not for religious reasons! reasons!

Henry VIIIHenry VIIIB. 1491 – D. 1547B. 1491 – D. 1547

Tudor DynastyTudor Dynasty– Henry VIIHenry VII– Henry VIIIHenry VIII– Edward VIEdward VI– Lady Jane GreyLady Jane Grey– Mary IMary I– Elizabeth IElizabeth I

Became king in Became king in 1509; 18 yrs old1509; 18 yrs old

His brother Arthur His brother Arthur died in 1502 at age died in 1502 at age 1515

Arthur had been Arthur had been married to the married to the Spanish princess Spanish princess Catherine of AragonCatherine of Aragon

Catherine of AragonCatherine of Aragon Daughter of King Daughter of King

Ferdinand and Queen Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of SpainIsabella of Spain

Married Henry VIII in Married Henry VIII in 1509; what about 1509; what about Arthur?Arthur?

20 year marriage20 year marriage Suffered 4 miscarriages Suffered 4 miscarriages

and several stillbirthsand several stillbirths Only 1 child lives-Mary Only 1 child lives-Mary

(b. 1516)(b. 1516)

““The King’s Great The King’s Great Matter”Matter”

Henry VIII wanted a male heir; Catherine Henry VIII wanted a male heir; Catherine was not able to have any more childrenwas not able to have any more children

Why not just get a divorce?Why not just get a divorce? Henry asked for an annulment based on Henry asked for an annulment based on

Catherine’s marriage to Arthur. Catherine’s marriage to Arthur. (Leviticus)(Leviticus)

The pope refused to grant it. Why? The The pope refused to grant it. Why? The Holy Roman Emperor was Charles V…Holy Roman Emperor was Charles V…Catherine’s nephew.Catherine’s nephew.

““The King’s Great The King’s Great Matter”Matter”

Affair – Anne BoleynAffair – Anne Boleyn 1529 – Henry VIII calls Parliament into 1529 – Henry VIII calls Parliament into

session; they passed laws ending the session; they passed laws ending the pope’s power in England.pope’s power in England.

1534 – 1534 – Act of SupremacyAct of Supremacy– Made Henry VIII the head of the Church of Made Henry VIII the head of the Church of

England (Anglican Church).England (Anglican Church). Irony: Henry VIII had earned the title Irony: Henry VIII had earned the title

“Defender of the Faith” from the pope.“Defender of the Faith” from the pope.

Anne BoleynAnne Boleyn

Anne becomes Anne becomes pregnant with pregnant with Henry’s child (1532)Henry’s child (1532)

But…he’s still But…he’s still married to Catherine.married to Catherine.

Parliament legalizes Parliament legalizes his divorce in 1533.his divorce in 1533.

Anne BoleynAnne Boleyn 1533- H8 marries Anne Boleyn and 1533- H8 marries Anne Boleyn and

she gives birth to their childshe gives birth to their child– Another girl: ElizabethAnother girl: Elizabeth– Anne suffers 2 miscarriagesAnne suffers 2 miscarriages

Anne Boleyn is accused of adultery; Anne Boleyn is accused of adultery; imprisoned and later beheaded by imprisoned and later beheaded by sword in 1536. The charges against sword in 1536. The charges against her were false!her were false!

Tower of LondonTower of London

Dissolution of the Dissolution of the MonasteriesMonasteries

1536-1539: H8 closed all English 1536-1539: H8 closed all English monasteries and seized wealth monasteries and seized wealth and land.and land.

Catholic Church owned 20% of all Catholic Church owned 20% of all land in England.land in England.

Greatly increased Henry’s wealth.Greatly increased Henry’s wealth. Led to massive poverty among Led to massive poverty among

monks and nuns.monks and nuns.

MAIN IDEA:MAIN IDEA:Even though Henry VIII makes Even though Henry VIII makes

England Protestant, it’s only England Protestant, it’s only for political and personal for political and personal reasons, not religious ones. reasons, not religious ones.

Doesn’t actually change any Doesn’t actually change any church practices or doctrines.church practices or doctrines.

Jane SeymourJane Seymour Henry married Jane Henry married Jane

Seymour 10 days Seymour 10 days after Anne’s after Anne’s execution.execution.

She gave birth to his She gave birth to his only son, Prince only son, Prince Edward in 1537, but Edward in 1537, but died 12 days later.died 12 days later.

Henry wanted more Henry wanted more sons as insurance.sons as insurance.

Anne of ClevesAnne of Cleves Married Henry Married Henry

in 1540. in 1540. ““Flanders Flanders

mare”mare” Brief marriage Brief marriage

was annulled.was annulled. Why? No Why? No

chemistry.chemistry.

Katherine HowardKatherine Howard Married Henry in Married Henry in

1540.1540. He was 49; she He was 49; she

was 19.was 19. She had affairs; She had affairs;

was beheaded in was beheaded in 1542.1542.

Katherine ParrKatherine Parr Married Henry in Married Henry in

1543.1543. She was a widow; She was a widow;

she outlived Henry she outlived Henry and remarried after and remarried after his death.his death.

Kind stepmother. Kind stepmother. Compared to his 1Compared to his 1stst wife.wife.

King Edward VIKing Edward VI When H8 died in 1547, his When H8 died in 1547, his

only son became king.only son became king. Edward was only 9.Edward was only 9. Govt. was run by Protestant Govt. was run by Protestant

advisors.advisors. Died in 1553 at the age of Died in 1553 at the age of

15. (TB)15. (TB) His advisors picked his His advisors picked his

cousin, Jane Grey to cousin, Jane Grey to succeed him. The “9 days succeed him. The “9 days queen”queen”

Queen Mary IQueen Mary I R. 1553-1558R. 1553-1558 Known in history as Known in history as

“Bloody Mary”“Bloody Mary” Repealed everything Repealed everything

Protestant.Protestant. Turned England back to Turned England back to

Catholicism.Catholicism. Passed Passed Heresy ActHeresy Act--

killed 300 Protestants killed 300 Protestants during her reign.during her reign.

Mary and Philip IIMary and Philip II Married Philip in 1554. She was 38; he was 27Married Philip in 1554. She was 38; he was 27 One-sided love/attractionOne-sided love/attraction Marriage was protested by many in England Marriage was protested by many in England

who didn’t want their country to simply who didn’t want their country to simply become a satellite territory of Spain.become a satellite territory of Spain.

Suffered a “phantom pregnancy” in 1555.Suffered a “phantom pregnancy” in 1555. Imprisoned Elizabeth but would not sign her Imprisoned Elizabeth but would not sign her

death warrant.death warrant.

Throne passes to Elizabeth in 1558.Throne passes to Elizabeth in 1558.

Queen Elizabeth IQueen Elizabeth I

Elizabeth I (1558-1603)Elizabeth I (1558-1603) Glorified as strongest female monarch in Glorified as strongest female monarch in

England’s history.England’s history. ““Good Queen Bess”Good Queen Bess” Known for being tolerant and moderate in Known for being tolerant and moderate in

religious issues.religious issues. Reestablished Protestantism, but not too Reestablished Protestantism, but not too

strict.strict. Her changes lasted-The Church of England Her changes lasted-The Church of England

(Anglican Church) is still in place today with (Anglican Church) is still in place today with the same policies she established.the same policies she established.

Elizabeth IElizabeth I Elizabeth was 25 when crowned Queen.Elizabeth was 25 when crowned Queen. Immediately pressured by her Council to marry Immediately pressured by her Council to marry

and produce an heir.and produce an heir. She never does…the Tudor dynasty ends and She never does…the Tudor dynasty ends and

the Stuart dynasty begins with her death in the Stuart dynasty begins with her death in 1603.1603.– Why not?Why not?

The Virgin Queen?The Virgin Queen? Greatest accomplishments: Defeat of the Greatest accomplishments: Defeat of the

Spanish Armada in 1588; England’s Golden Age Spanish Armada in 1588; England’s Golden Age