Bellringer

• Download today’s notes: Spread of Revolution• Open yesterday’s vocab for HW check!• Answer the following question:– What is a revolution? Give examples.

The Spread of Revolutionary Ideals

The Big Idea

Napoleon’s quest to rule Europe was eventually thwarted, but not before the ideals of the French Revolution spread throughout the

continent and Latin America.

Main Ideas

• During the Napoleonic Era, Napoleon conquered vast territories in Europe and spread reforms across the continent.

• At the Congress of Vienna, European leaders tried to restore the old monarchies and ensure peace.

• Inspired by revolutionary ideals in Europe, Latin American colonies began to win their independence.

Main Idea 1: During the Napoleonic Era, Napoleon

conquered vast territories in Europe and spread reforms across the continent.

• Napoleon Bonaparte took part in the overthrow of the French government in 1799.

• Napoleon declared himself French emperor in 1804.

• By 1810 the French empire controlled most of Europe.

• French armies could not defeat Great Britain and Russia. Napoleon was forced to give up power.

Napoleon Bonaparte

Napoleon was a brilliant military leader for most of his career. He also created an efficient government.

Military Strategy

Stressed mobility – moved troops quickly to surround the enemy.

Learned the value of artillery – grouped cannons to maximize their effect.

Government Created a public education system

Made taxes more fair

Created a set of laws called the Napoleonic Code that said all men were equal before the law, could receive a trial by jury, and could practice religion freely

Main Idea 2: At the Congress of Vienna, European leaders

tried to restore the old monarchies and ensure peace.

• Congress of Vienna was a meeting of European leaders to draw up a peace settlement after the fall of Napoleon’s empire.

– Powerful leaders of Austria, Britain, Prussia, and Russia made all the important decisions. Led by Prince Klemens von Metternich of Austria.

– Territories were added and subtracted to the kingdoms around France to balance the strength of countries in Europe. Why?

Main Idea 2: At the Congress of Vienna, European leaders

tried to restore the old monarchies and ensure peace.

• Leaders wanted to restore old monarchies to restore peace in Europe.• Royal families returned to power and stopped revolutions.

• Conservatism, or a movement to preserve the old social order and governments, was promoted. Opposed the ideas of the French Revolution.

• However, French Revolutionary ideas did not die!

• Liberalism, a movement for individual rights and liberties, gained strength in the following decades. Conservative governments stopped liberal movements between 1815 and 1830.

Conservative v. Liberal

Conservatism Liberalism

Connect!

• 1. What was the Congress of Vienna?• 2. Why did the delegates impose such harsh

terms on France?• 3. What were the goals of the Congress?• 4. How did the conservatism that Metternich

and other leaders at the Congress of Vienna differ from the liberalism of the French Revolution?

Main Idea 3: Inspired by revolutionary ideals in Europe, Latin American colonies began to win their

independence.

• Latin America had been ruled by European powers for 300 years. • Colonies started to revolt in the 1800s.

– Haiti was the first to gain independence, led by Toussaint-Louverture.

• Simon Bolívar and José de San Martín led independence movements across the continent.

• By 1831 a dozen Latin American nations had won their freedom.

Loverture & Bolivar

Main Idea 3: Inspired by revolutionary ideals in Europe, Latin American colonies began to win their

independence.

• New nations faced difficulties:– Fights took place over borders.– Conservatives wanted the wealthy to control the government.– Liberals, generally from the lower class, favored democracies.– Inexperienced new leaders had trouble ruling.

Connect!

• 1. Why did the people of Latin America want to be free of European rule?

• 2. Who was Toussaint Louverture?• 3. Who was Simon Bolivar?• 4. Why do you think the people of Latin

America were able to win their independence?