bellringer
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Bellringer. why are some areas of the world more powerful than others ?. Agenda. Bellringer Levels of Questioning Guns, Germs and Steel Levels of Questioning practice Homework The Worst Mistake. Vocabulary Words for Guns, Germs and Steel. Cultivation : - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Bellringer • why are some areas of the world more
powerful than others?
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Agenda• Bellringer• Levels of Questioning• Guns, Germs and Steel• Levels of Questioning practice• Homework
– The Worst Mistake
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Vocabulary Words for Guns, Germs and Steel
• Cultivation: • the planting, growing, and harvesting of crops or
plants, or the preparation of land for this purpose• Civilization:
• a society that has a high level of culture and social organization
• Domestication: • taming and adaptation of plants and animals for
the benefits of humans
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Guns, Germs and Steel • Jared Diamond,
famous scientist. He is trying to answer a question asked him by a native New Guinean, Yale: “why do white people have so much stuff, but New Guinea people did not”
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Homework• Reading the Worst Mistake and answering the
questions on a separate worksheet • Remember to sign up for remind101!
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Bellringer• Pull out the civilization game question you
pick up on your way in.• Each question represents one round of the
game. Answer one question after each round. (Example: for round 5 answer question number 5.) Complete the first couple of questions based on how many were complete on the first day.
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Period 1Powerpoint 2013
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Bellringer: What are the basic characteristics of
early human societies?
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Agenda• Bellringer• Review Civilization game• Notes
• Homework• SPICE chart and Study for test
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Your Notebook • Objective:
– Allow student to focus on important information during their reading and to organize information.
• Set up (for each unit)– Objective sheet– Unit Vocabulary – 1 page for each objective (some will require more than
others)• Front page for students reading notes• Back page for class/lecture notes
– Important people
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Expectations for notebook• Will be bought to each class• Students will write the objective on top of
each page
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PALEOLITHIC AND NEOLITHIC AGE
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Paleolithic Age • 12,000 BCE–humans evolved
physically and mentally to the level of today
• Opposable thumbs & developed brain• Paleolithic Achievements
– Invention of tools & weapons– Language– Control of fire– Art (sculpture, jewelry, and cave
paintings)• Humans lived in small bands of
hunter-gatherers
Objective 1
Links to the objective in your notebook. Write on the BACK of the page. The front page is
reserved for your reading notes. Write down any addition or missed information that you
DO NOT have from your reading notes.
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Paleolithic Age Societies • Men hunt and/or fish;
women gather fruits, etc.• Lived in kinship groups of 20-
30 people• Follow migratory patterns of
animals• Need large portions of land
to support themselves• Life expectancy was 20 years
or less
Objective 1/2
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Paleolithic Societies• Groups were not always
self-sufficient• Trade with neighboring
groups was often necessary• Developed tools suitable for
their environment• Practiced animism
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Discussion Question
With the partner next to you discuss the following question:
What causes technological change?
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Defining Neolithic Revolution• Define with your partner Neolithic Revolution:
– Also can be called: Agricultural revolution
• Ms. Heath’s definition:• The deliberate cultivation of particular plants
as well as the taming and breeding of particular animals
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yocja_N5s1I&list=PLBDA2E52FB1EF80C9&index=1&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active
Objective 3
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Neolithic Revolution • Around 10000 BCE, two discoveries
revolutionized human society– Farming (1st crops were wheat & barley)– Herding (1st domesticated animals were goats,
pigs, & cattle)• Domesticated animals produced a new type of society
called Pastoralists
Objective 3
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Origins of Agriculture Objective 3
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Social Results of the Neolithic Revolution
• Social changes:– Permanent settlement– People become dependent on farming– Farming & specialized labor led to increase in technology
• Pottery, the plow, irrigation, woven textiles, wheeled vehicles
– Gender inequality – Full-time political and religious figures emerge as
community leaders– Specialized workers such as toolmakers, miners, and
merchants– Despite specialization, well-defined social stratification did
not exist
Objective 3
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World Population Growth
Intensive agriculture caused human population to jump from 5-8 million to 60 to 70 million in 5,000 years
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Environmental changes • Slash and burn farming• Some plant species die out • Animals domesticated
Objective 3
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Examples of Neolithic Cities • Farming & herding allowed for urban
development• 1st cities emerged in Middle East (Turkey &
Jordan)• Jericho and Catal Huyuk
Objective 3
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Pastoral Societies• Nomadic peoples who herd
domesticated animals• Move in search of food for
their animals• Develop on marginal land
apart from areas suitable for agriculture, often semi-arid regions
• Interact with agricultural societies
Objective 4
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Relationship between developing economies • Exchange of ideas and products• Conquest/absorption/displacement of hunter-gathers• Spread of language• Indo-European begin in turkey
Objective 4
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Impact of Technology changes on Human Society
• Basket for food storage• Record keeping writing• Metals allowing for strong tools & weapons
– Bronze stronger/more useful than stone– 400 b.c.e
Objective 5
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RIVER VALLEY CIVILIZATIONS
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Characteristic of Civilization • A civilization is a complex culture with these
five characteristics:1. Specialized workers2. Technology 3. Advanced cities4. Institutions5. Record keeping
Objective 6
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Ancient MesopotamiaObjective 7
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Government (political)
• Initially, priest-kings rule city-states– Sumerians (c. 3500 BCE)
• City-states evolve into empires– Akkadians (c. 2334-2218 BCE)
• Land owning aristocracy dominated
• Develop a formal legal codes– Hammurabi’s Code (c. 1800 BCE)
Objective 7
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Religion/Culture• Believed in 3,000 gods• Goal: Appease gods to
control nature• Art and literature focus on
gods and religion– Epic of Gilgamesh
• Contains a story of an epic flood
• Built ziggurats
Objective 7
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Culture• Inventions: wheel, sail,
and plow• Bronze metallurgy• 1st system of writing
– Cuneiform
• 1st number system– Based on units of
10, 60, & 360
• Astronomy
Objective 7
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Society• Social stratification• Slavery was common
– One could become a slave through war, crime, or debt
– Slaves were used in temples, public buildings, or private homes
• Patriarchal– Women could hold most
occupations
Nobles
Freemen
Slaves
Objective 8
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EconomyObjective 8
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Ancient Egypt• Relatively isolated• Nile flooded regularly,
predictably– Provided rich soil, easy soil to
farm– Civilization regulated flooding,
surveying
• Control the Nile; control society
Objective 7
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Government• Formed by 3000 BCE• Unified for most of history
– Early Kingdom– Middle Kingdom– Late Kingdom
• Theocracy– Pharaoh was a god-king– Women could be pharaohs
• Hatshepsut (1473-1458 BCE)
Ramses II
Objective 7
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Culture• Hieroglyphic writing on
papyrus• Mathematics
– Geometry
• Calendar system– 365 days (off by 6 hours)
• Medicine• Architecture
Objective 7
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Religion/Culture• Thousands of gods
• Gods have animal and human qualities
• Gods & goddesses
• Relatively egalitarian• Believe in afterlife
• Heaven & Hell• Mummification• Pyramids & Temples
Objective 7
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Social• Social Stratification
– Limited opportunity for social mobility
• Slavery common• Women have more rights
– Could own property, propose marriage, and demand a divorce
Objective 8
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Ancient India & ChinaObjective 5
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Indus River Valley• Cities emerge around
2500 BCE• Culturally unified city-
states– Harappa and Mohenjo-
Daro
• Mysterious ending– Environmental
degradation vs. Aryan invasion
Objective 7-8
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Indus River Valley• Polytheistic religion
– Influenced Hinduism
• Planned cities with large temples
• Undecipherable writing system
• Advanced technology– Plumbing systems
Objective 7-8
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Indus River Valley
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n7ndRwqJYDM&list=PLBDA2E52FB1EF80C9&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active
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Ancient China• Developed in isolation along
the Huang He (Yellow) River• Shang dynasty emerged c.
1500 BCE– Warlike kings & landed
aristocracy dominate– Cities surrounded by massive
earthen walls
Objective 7-8
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Ancient China• Chinese Society
– Family at center of society• Extended-family structure
– Women were subordinate
• Chinese Culture– Believed spirits of family ancestors
could bring good fortune or disaster– Oracle bones (right)– Bronze & silk
Objective 7-8
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Dynastic Cycle
Mandate of Heaven—Rulers are chose to rule by heaven and will continue to rule as long as heaven is pleased; if heaven is not
pleased, heaven will pass the mandate to another family
Objective 7-8
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The Olmec• Olmec emerge in Mesoamerica c.1400-400 BCE • Olmec zone is dense tropical forest
Objective 7-8
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Olmec Government & Society• Several city-states with
common culture• Social Hierarchy
– Highest rank is that of the chief
– Dominated by landed aristocracy
– Laborers forced to build temples, palaces, and drainage canals
Objective 7-8
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Olmec Religion• Polytheistic
– Deities blended male & female, animal & human characteristics
• Feathered-serpent god (right)
– Shamans organized religious life
• Religion led to development of writing system and calendar
Objective 7-8
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Olmec Art• Building of clay pyramids
and temple mounds• Particular sculptural style
– Jaguars – Fine jade carving– Colossal heads
Objective 7-8
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Legacy of Ancient Civilizations• Writing systems, religions, and technology
was influenced the development of new civilizations and cultures
• Ancient civilizations decline by 1000 BCE– Subject to nomadic invasions
• Political and cultural centers shift to new geographical areas (except China)
Objective 6
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Why did some societies survived and others be destroyed?
• Discuss with your partner
Objective 9