Bellringer Feb. 27

Get out your poetry response and your CSET for Part-Time Indian.

If you don’t have them done, you need to complete a pink slip explaining why you don’t have them.

Question – write this down and your response.

•What’s the difference between PERSUASION and ARGUMENTATION?

Persuasion or ArgumentationIt kinda depends on what you are doing and to whom you're communicating

Argumentation vs. persuasion…in a nutshell

• Persuasion: • for less academic audiences• Appeals to the heart and the mind• Focuses almost entirely on one side• More common than argumentation

• Argumentation:• For more academic audiences• Recognizes all evidence surrounding an issue• Makes a claim, but addresses evidence for the other side via

counterarguments• Focus is almost entirely logical

Why talk about this now?

• We will be reading two pieces around the issue of segregation.• Letter from a Birmingham Jail by Martin Luther King Jr.• A speech by Orvile Faubus (then governor of Arkansas)

• The audience and format of the pieces control the level of argumentation versus persuasion.

Talking about them has common vocabulary

• appeal• ethos• logos• pathos• fallacy• concession• rebuttal or counterargument• organization• introduction• conclusion

First: Ethos Logos Pathos

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oKtQEnERhSY

Ethos

• Sometimes internal:• Happens inside of the reader when understanding who is

speaking

• Sometimes external:• Happens in a piece when an author mentions their

qualifications

• Belongs a bit more with persuasion• However, in both argumentation and persuasion, the validity

and relevance of evidence depends on the reputation of the source

Pathos

• Manipulating emotions• Very effective for large/wide audiences• Particularly effective in speeches. Get fired up y’all!• Should be eliminated in argumentation

Logos

• Think of Spock!• Proper logic is always a requirement

• Think of it like the meat of a sandwich• Argumentation only has space for logic!

• Spare your word choice! Stay neutral!• Persuasion still needs it, but you can throw in a healthy dose of

the Pathos if needed depending on who your audience is.• Too much logic? What would it be like to have a dinner party

with Spock?• Fallacies: sometimes things that sound logical, aren’t in

reality. Common errors in logic are called fallacies.• Most emotional appeals are actually fallacies.

Organization

• We are going to be analyzing the organization of both pieces.• There are two sections of text that we will be adding in.

• Concession: basically when you grant something as a right, accept something as true, or acknowledge defeat

• Rebuttal or counterargument: bringing up an opposing appeal or claim for the purpose of invalidating it.

Letter from a Birmingham Jail-Background

• The Birmingham Campaign began on April 3, 1963, with coordinated marches and sit-ins against racism and racial segregation in Birmingham, Alabama.

• The non-violent campaign was coordinated by Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights and King's Southern Christian Leadership Conference.

• On April 10, Circuit Judge W. A. Jenkins issued a blanket injunction against "parading, demonstrating, boycotting, trespassing and picketing".

• Leaders of the campaign announced they would disobey the ruling.[1] • On April 12, King was roughly arrested with Ralph Abernathy, Fred Shuttlesworth and other marchers—

while thousands of African Americans dressed for Good Friday looked on.[2]• King met with unusually harsh conditions in the Birmingham jail.[3] An ally smuggled in a newspaper

from April 12, which contained "A Call for Unity": a statement made by eight white Alabama clergymen against King and his methods.[2] The letter provoked King and he began to write a response on the newspaper itself. King writes in Why We Can't Wait: “Begun on the margins of the newspaper in which the statement appeared while I was in jail, the letter was continued on scraps of writing paper supplied by a friendly black trusty, and concluded on a pad my attorneys were eventually permitted to leave me.”[4]

• The "Call to Unity" clergymen agreed that social injustices existed but argued that the battle against racial segregation should be fought solely in the courts, not in the streets. They criticized Martin Luther King, calling him an “outsider” who causes trouble in the streets of Birmingham

Reading Goals

• Use reading guide to help analyze King’s approach. (make sure you have corrected the paragraph numbers)

• Evaluate his use of ethos, logos, and pathos to see if his piece is more persuasive or argumentative.

• Answer the question: How does MLK employ ethos, logos, and pathos in “A Letter From Birmingham Jail” to construct his argument?

Ticket out•On the scrap paper, write down one question you have for MLK regarding how he has begun his response.

Homework – finish the reading through section ONE